166 research outputs found
Dynamic compression counteracts IL-1B inducible nitric synthase and cyclo-oxygenese-2 expression in chondrocyte/agarose constructs
No full textBackground: Nitric oxide and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2play pivotal roles in both the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis and catabolic processes in articular cartilage. These mediators are influenced by both IL-1? and mechanical loading, and involve alterations in the inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclo-oxygenase (COX)-2 enzymes. To identify the specific interactions that are activated by both types of stimuli, we examined the effects of dynamic compression on levels of expression of iNOS and COX-2 and involvement of the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway.Methods: Chondrocyte/agarose constructs were cultured under free-swelling conditions with or without IL-1? and/or SB203580 (inhibitor of p38 MAPK) for up to 48 hours. Using a fully characterized bioreactor system, constructs were subjected to dynamic compression for 6, 12 and 48 hours under similar treatments. The activation or inhibition of p38 MAPK by IL-1? and/or SB203580 was analyzed by western blotting. iNOS, COX-2, aggrecan and collagen type II signals were assessed utilizing real-time quantitative PCR coupled with molecular beacons. Release of nitrite and PGE2 was quantified using biochemical assays. Two-way analysis of variance and the post hoc Bonferroni-corrected t-test were used to examine data.Results: IL-1? activated the phosphorylation of p38 MAPK and this effect was abolished by SB203580. IL-1? induced a transient increase in iNOS expression and stimulated the production of nitrite release. Stimulation by either dynamic compression or SB203580 in isolation reduced the IL-1? induced iNOS expression and nitrite production. However, co-stimulation with both dynamic compression and SB203580 inhibited the expression levels of iNOS and production of nitrite induced by the cytokine. IL-1? induced a transient increase in COX-2 expression and stimulated the cumulative production of PGE2 release. These effects were inhibited by dynamic compression or SB203580. Co-stimulation with both dynamic compression and SB203580 restored cytokine-induced inhibition of aggrecan expression. This is in contrast to collagen type II, in which we observed no response with the cytokine and/or SB203580.Conclusion: These data suggest that dynamic compression directly influences the expression levels of iNOS and COX-2. These molecules are current targets for pharmacological intervention, raising the possibility for integrated pharmacological and biophysical therapies for the treatment of cartilage joint disorders
Okhiria Adebimpe O, Akanji A. M. (2007). Assessment of the Comploiance of some selected fast food companies to safety and hygenic standard in Nigeria_Case Study of Metropolis, Abeokuta and Ijebu_Ode
No full textThe frequent occurrence of food poisoning in the public food units and at household levels remains a problems to be totally solved in Nigeria. The study has highlighted the knowledge and compliance of Fast Food Companies in the southwest geopolitical Zones of Nigeria with established safety and hygiene standard. These are Lagos metropolis, Abeokuta and Ijebu-Ode in Ogun State. They are categorized into Zones A,B,C,E, for easy study. The respondents were assessed and studied in the areas of food hygiene, equipment and untencil hygiene, personal hygiene, food safety and food and Nutrition education. 350 structured questionnaires were distributed to respondents, data collected were analysed
Micro-Finance as a Strategy for Poverty Reduction
No full textThe paper established the facts that poverty is indeed increasing in Nigeria based on the poverty assessment study commissioned and sponsored by the World Bank in 1995. It further indicated in the introduction that the World Bank and the IMF group are focusing on poverty reduction as a prerequisite for debt relief The paper is structured into five sections with introduction being section one. Section two gives conceptual framework and reviews some country experiences of microcredit programs. Section three describes the efforts put in place in Nigeria-the World Bank group efforts and the IMF to alleviate poverty while section four offers ,the micro-finance model and principles, that could be adapted in Nigeria considering the Nigerian experience on financial intermediation. Section five concludes the paper. In the conclusion, the paper emphasized that indeed microfinance is a strategy of poverty reduction
The role and nature of research in a financial environment
No full textThe paper examines the role and nature of research in a financial environment. It explains the types of integrated approach to research that should be encouraged and developed in a financial sector. The paper also analyzed the central bank approach and discussed how it involves central bank management. The major issues and problems in the baking industry highlighted were the problems of implementing measures of deregulation, macro-economic instability and distress in the financial sector
Towards a viable rural financial market in Nigeria.
No full textThis paper analyse the weakness of existing rural financial markets, survey the existing formal and informal financial markets in rural areas, their financing mechanisms, strengths and weaknesses, and propose an agenda from a viable rural financial market in Nigeria. It is divided into four parts. Part 1 presents a critique of the operation of formal financial institutions in rural markets. Part 2 identifies the existing informal financial markets, noting their structure and financing mechanisms and the overall influence on the rural people. Part 3 analyses the challenges and prospects of rural financial markets, while Part 4 presents the conclusion and proposes an agenda for a viable rural financial market in Nigeri
O desafio da pobreza na África: cooperativismo inovador através de incentivos políticos. Um estudo de caso nigeriano
No full textThis work, with the use of Nigeria as a case study, seeks to highlight a mode of redirecting Africa’s resources in solving the problem of poverty currently experienced by the continent. It focuses on the restructuring of humans and rechanneling of material resources. Using descriptive analysis as the method of research, it examines relevant data and attempts to make two fundamental and justifiable claims. The first claim is that “innovative cooperativism”, a uniquely developed form of economic socialization of the people in the form of collective self-help, built around the ideas of cooperation, cooperatives and solidarity economics, should be at the centre of breaking the enduring circle of African poverty; a strand of poverty which has often shown resistance to development. Although innovative cooperativism is a viable concept in addressing the poverty challenge and mobilisation for development, the concept is yet to be embraced by a significant section of Nigerian people, cooperatives, mutual and self-help groups due to the absence of political incentives.
The second claim responds to the first by proposing that the three tiers of the Nigerian government shouldensure a policy of benevolent but strict and disciplined welfarism in the form of political incentives to its development drives, anchored onto innovative cooperativism. Thus, contemporary poverty challenges in Nigeria are addressed through a system of standardised political incentives to the responsive mode of self-help on the part of the people, creating an effective synergy of government and people, thereby combating poverty at its very roots.En este artículo se investiga a Nigeria como estudio de caso, y busca resaltar un modo de redirigir los recursos de África para resolver el problema de la pobreza que actualmente experimenta el continente. Se centra en la reestructuración de recursos humanos y canalización de recursos materiales. Usando el análisis descriptivo como método de investigación, examina datos relevantes e intenta hacer dos afirmaciones fundamentales y justificables. La primera afirmación es que el “cooperativismo innovador”, es una forma de socialización económica desarrollada entre personas en forma de autoayuda colectiva, construidas alrededor de las ideas de cooperación, cooperativas y economía solidaria, debería estar en el centro de romper el círculo duradero de la pobreza africana; un hilo de pobreza que tiene a menudo se muestra resistencia al desarrollo. Aunque el cooperativismo innovador es un concepto viable para abordar El desafío de la pobreza y la movilización para el desarrollo, el concepto aún no ha sido aceptado por una sección significativa del pueblo nigeriano, cooperativas, grupos mutuos y de autoayuda debido a la ausencia de incentivos políticos.
Este artigo investiga a Nigéria como um estudo de caso e procura destacar uma maneira de redirecionar os recursos da África resolver o problema da pobreza que o continente está enfrentando atualmente. Concentra-se em recursos de reestruturação canalização de recursos humanos e materiais. Usando a análise descritiva como método de pesquisa, examine dados relevantes e tenta fazer duas alegações fundamentais e justificáveis. A primeira afirmação é que o “cooperativismo inovador” é uma forma de socialização econômica desenvolvida entrepessoas sob a forma de auto-ajuda coletiva, construídas em torno das idéias de cooperação, cooperativas e economia solidária,deveria estar no centro de romper o círculo duradouro da pobreza africana; um fio de pobreza que temresistência ao desenvolvimento é freqüentemente mostrada. Embora o cooperativismo inovador seja um conceito viável para enfrentarDesafio da pobreza e mobilização para o desenvolvimento, o conceito ainda não foi aceito por uma seção significativado povo nigeriano, cooperativas, grupos mútuos e de auto-ajuda devido à ausência de incentivos políticos
O desafio da pobreza na África: cooperativismo inovador através de incentivos políticos. Um estudo de caso nigeriano
No full textThis work, with the use of Nigeria as a case study, seeks to highlight a mode of redirecting Africa’s resources in solving the problem of poverty currently experienced by the continent. It focuses on the restructuring of humans and rechanneling of material resources. Using descriptive analysis as the method of research, it examines relevant data and attempts to make two fundamental and justifiable claims. The first claim is that “innovative cooperativism”, a uniquely developed form of economic socialization of the people in the form of collective self-help, built around the ideas of cooperation, cooperatives and solidarity economics, should be at the centre of breaking the enduring circle of African poverty; a strand of poverty which has often shown resistance to development. Although innovative cooperativism is a viable concept in addressing the poverty challenge and mobilisation for development, the concept is yet to be embraced by a significant section of Nigerian people, cooperatives, mutual and self-help groups due to the absence of political incentives.
The second claim responds to the first by proposing that the three tiers of the Nigerian government shouldensure a policy of benevolent but strict and disciplined welfarism in the form of political incentives to its development drives, anchored onto innovative cooperativism. Thus, contemporary poverty challenges in Nigeria are addressed through a system of standardised political incentives to the responsive mode of self-help on the part of the people, creating an effective synergy of government and people, thereby combating poverty at its very roots.En este artículo se investiga a Nigeria como estudio de caso, y busca resaltar un modo de redirigir los recursos de África para resolver el problema de la pobreza que actualmente experimenta el continente. Se centra en la reestructuración de recursos humanos y canalización de recursos materiales. Usando el análisis descriptivo como método de investigación, examina datos relevantes e intenta hacer dos afirmaciones fundamentales y justificables. La primera afirmación es que el “cooperativismo innovador”, es una forma de socialización económica desarrollada entre personas en forma de autoayuda colectiva, construidas alrededor de las ideas de cooperación, cooperativas y economía solidaria, debería estar en el centro de romper el círculo duradero de la pobreza africana; un hilo de pobreza que tiene a menudo se muestra resistencia al desarrollo. Aunque el cooperativismo innovador es un concepto viable para abordar El desafío de la pobreza y la movilización para el desarrollo, el concepto aún no ha sido aceptado por una sección significativa del pueblo nigeriano, cooperativas, grupos mutuos y de autoayuda debido a la ausencia de incentivos políticos.
Este artigo investiga a Nigéria como um estudo de caso e procura destacar uma maneira de redirecionar os recursos da África resolver o problema da pobreza que o continente está enfrentando atualmente. Concentra-se em recursos de reestruturação canalização de recursos humanos e materiais. Usando a análise descritiva como método de pesquisa, examine dados relevantes e tenta fazer duas alegações fundamentais e justificáveis. A primeira afirmação é que o “cooperativismo inovador” é uma forma de socialização econômica desenvolvida entrepessoas sob a forma de auto-ajuda coletiva, construídas em torno das idéias de cooperação, cooperativas e economia solidária,deveria estar no centro de romper o círculo duradouro da pobreza africana; um fio de pobreza que temresistência ao desenvolvimento é freqüentemente mostrada. Embora o cooperativismo inovador seja um conceito viável para enfrentarDesafio da pobreza e mobilização para o desenvolvimento, o conceito ainda não foi aceito por uma seção significativado povo nigeriano, cooperativas, grupos mútuos e de auto-ajuda devido à ausência de incentivos políticos
The achievement of convergence in the Nigeria foreign exchange market
No full textThe fact that Naira is floating is not a panacea for effective monetary policy management learning from the Argentina experience. Also with volatile capital flows, there are associated over - and undershooting of exchange rates that the economy would encounter. This paper discuss the achievement of convergence in the Nigerian foreign exchange market and monetary policy, the liberalization of the foreign exchange market and the process of foreign exchange convergence. It was observed that there were supply shortage and so the supply side of resource allocation was deployed. It was also observed that the harmony between the money market and foreign exchange market must be strengthened. The exchange rate is exogenous to money market operators while the interest rate is exogenous to foreign exchange market and both require having consistency in resource allocation. The CBN then took the decision in March, 2006 to allow the BDCs to the official market as brokers. The brokerage was to have the BDC operators come to buy cash at the official windows twice a week and thus increased the supply of dollar
Design, implications and analysis of household survey: practical issues to note
No full textThis paper is to enhance the analytic processes of survey data as generated in the established household survey framework for economic policy management and decision making. The paper is divided into four sections. Section 1 is the introduction while Section 2 is the descriptive statistics emphasizing the models that bring out the relationship between the survey variables, Section 4 concludes and proffers recommendations
The National Housing Policy by Federal Ministry of Works and Housing, Federal Republic of Nigeria February 1991
No full textThe document being reviewed is a book of forty-eight pages divided into nine chapters, highlighting three basic areas, viz: Land Development, Financing and Building Materials. Chapter one introduces the need for the Federal Government to come up with the new policy while chapter two outlines the goals and objectives of the Housing Policy (see Annexure 1). Chapters 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8 discuss the details of the strategies and the tools for achieving the goals and objectives, while chapter 9 states how the objectives will be monitored and evaluate.J
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