4,553 research outputs found
Interleukin-6 Receptor Blockade in Treatment- Refractory MOG-Ab–Associated Disease and Neuromyelitis Optica Spectrum Disorders
No full textBackground and objectives: To evaluate the long-term safety and efficacy of tocilizumab (TCZ), a humanized anti-interleukin-6 receptor antibody in myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein-IgG-associated disease (MOGAD) and neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD).
Methods: Annualized relapse rate (ARR), Expanded Disability Status Scale score, MRI, autoantibody titers, pain, and adverse events were retrospectively evaluated in 57 patients with MOGAD (n = 14), aquaporin-4 (AQP4)-IgG seropositive (n = 36), and seronegative NMOSD (n = 7; 12%), switched to TCZ from previous immunotherapies, particularly rituximab.
Results: Patients received TCZ for 23.8 months (median; interquartile range 13.0-51.1 months), with an IV dose of 8.0 mg/kg (median; range 6-12 mg/kg) every 31.6 days (mean; range 26-44 days). For MOGAD, the median ARR decreased from 1.75 (range 0.5-5) to 0 (range 0-0.9; p = 0.0011) under TCZ. A similar effect was seen for AQP4-IgG+ (ARR reduction from 1.5 [range 0-5] to 0 [range 0-4.2]; p < 0.001) and for seronegative NMOSD (from 3.0 [range 1.0-3.0] to 0.2 [range 0-2.0]; p = 0.031). During TCZ, 60% of all patients were relapse free (79% for MOGAD, 56% for AQP4-IgG+, and 43% for seronegative NMOSD). Disability follow-up indicated stabilization. MRI inflammatory activity decreased in MOGAD (p = 0.04; for the brain) and in AQP4-IgG+ NMOSD (p < 0.001; for the spinal cord). Regarding only patients treated with TCZ for at least 12 months (n = 44), ARR reductions were confirmed, including the subgroups of MOGAD (n = 11) and AQP4-IgG+ patients (n = 28). Similarly, in the group of patients treated with TCZ for at least 12 months, 59% of them were relapse free, with 73% for MOGAD, 57% for AQP4-IgG+, and 40% for patients with seronegative NMOSD. No severe or unexpected safety signals were observed. Add-on therapy showed no advantage compared with TCZ monotherapy.
Discussion: This study provides evidence that long-term TCZ therapy is safe and reduces relapse probability in MOGAD and AQP4-IgG+ NMOSD
Processi di innovazione tecnologica in architettura: il ruolo dell’impresa, della ricerca, della didattica
No full textLe «buone letture». 2. Giovanni Casati
No full textIl saggio è costituito da due parti, la prima delle quali, dedicata alla fondazione della Federazione italiana delle biblioteche circolanti cattoliche, è stata pubblicata nel precedente numero dei «Nuovi Annali», XXVII (2013), pp. 137-163. In questa seconda parte viene delineata la figura intellettuale di Giovanni Casati, che diresse la «Rivista di letture» dal 1912 al 1944, trasformando il periodico della Federazione in una rivista impegnata nella divulgazione della cultura cattolica. A questo impegno militante Casati fece corrispondere un intenso programma editoriale, che trovò espressione nella pubblicazione di saggi letterari, di manuali e opere repertoriali.The study consists of two parts; the first is dedicated to the history of the Federazione italiana delle biblioteche circolanti cattoliche since its foundation (1904) up to 1912 and was published in the previous volume of the «Nuovi Annali », XXVII (2013), pp. 137-163. In this second part, the author outlines the intellectual figure of Giovanni Casati, who directed the «Rivista di letture» from 1912 to 1944, transforming the magazine of the Federation in a journal engaged in the spreading of Catholic culture. To this militant engagement Casati matched an intense publishing program, which found its expression in the publication of literary essays, manuals and reference works
Comico e tragico del diritto nella novellistica italiana: il novelliere di Giovanni Sercambi
No full textNelle novelle di età tardomedievale ed umanistica, a causa del loro carattere fortemente realistico, il diritto ha un posto importante, poiché rappresenta un elemento centrale e ineliminabile della vita della comunità. Il novelliere di Giovanni Sercambi da Lucca non fa eccezione, anche se l’autore non ha una cultura giuridica né s’interessa in modo specifico al diritto. Il presente saggio vuole analizzare sotto tale profilo queste novelle per verificare quale concezione del diritto emerge da esse e come la narrazione ne risulti arricchita.In the late medieval and humanistic novellas, owing to their very realistic character, the right is an important central and inevitable element in community life. Giovanni Sercambi’s novelliere is no exception even if the author lacks a legal culture, nor is specifically interested in right. This essay intends to analyze these novellas under this profile to verify what kind of right they consider and how the stories are enriched
Arenediazonium tetrafluoroborates as initiators in the polymerisation of haloarene¬thiolates. A simple and mild access to poly(arylene sulfide)s
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Copyright and endogenous market structure: a glimpse from the journal-publishing market
No full textThis article explores the journal publishing industry in order to shed light on the overall economic consequences of copyright in markets. Since the rationale for copyright is among others to promise some market power to the holder of the successful copyrighted item, it also provides incentives to preserve and extend market power. A regular trait of copyright industries is high concentration and the creation of large catalogues of copyrights in the hands of incumbents. This outcome can be observed as the aggregation of rights and is one of the pivotal strategies for obtaining or extending market power, consistently with findings in other cases. Journal publishing is no different in this respect from other copyright industries, and in the last decade has experienced a similar trajectory, leading to a highly concentrated industry in which a handful of large firms increasingly control a substantial part of the market. It also provides a clear example of the effect of copyright dynamics on market structure, suggesting that a different attitude should be taken in lawmaking and law enforcement.copyright and market power, endogenous market structure, journal-publishing industry
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