1,721,294 research outputs found
Single neuron binding properties and the magical number 7
No full textWhen we observe a scene, we can almost instantly
recognize a familiar object or can quickly distinguish among objects differing
by apparently minor details. Individual neurons in the medial
temporal lobe of humans have been shown to be crucial for the recognition
process, and they are selectively activated by different views of
known individuals or objects. However, how single neurons could
implement such a sparse and explicit code is unknown and almost
impossible to investigate experimentally. Hippocampal CA1 pyramidal
neurons could be instrumental in this process. Here, in an extensive series
of simulations with realistic morphologies and active properties, we
demonstrate how n radial (oblique) dendrites of these neurons may be
used to bind n inputs to generate an output signal. The results suggest a
possible neural code as the most effective n-ple of dendrites that can be
used for short-term memory recollection of persons, objects, or places.
Our analysis predicts a straightforward physiological explanation for the
observed puzzling limit of about 7 short-term memory items that can be
stored by humans. VVC 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc
Evidence-based medicine: the supporting pillar of trial registration.
No full textEvidence-based Medicine: The Supporting Pillar of Trial Registratio
Reply to Wael Agur and Jawad Freites’ Letter to the Editor re: Ferdinando Fusco, Mohamed Abdel-Fattah, Christopher R. Chapple, et al. Updated Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of the Comparative Data on Colposuspensions, Pubovaginal Slings, and Midurethral Tapes in the Surgical Treatment of Female Stress Urinary Incontinence. Eur Urol 2017;72:567–91
No full textA pooled analysis of individual patient data from registrational trials of silodosin in the treatment of non-neurogenic male lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) suggestive of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH)
No full textIndividual Patient Data from Registrational Trials of Silodosin in the Treatment of Non-neurogenic Male Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms Associated with Benign Prostatic Enlargement: Subgroup Analyses of Efficacy and Safety Data
No full textRe: Adverse effects of robotic-assisted laparoscopic versus open retropubic radical prostatectomy among a nationwide random sample of Medicare-age men
No full textMedical treatment of LUTS/BPH
No full textSeveral drug therapies are available for male patients with bothersome lower urinary tract symptoms. Monotherapy with α-blockers is a commonly used and effective treatment to quickly improve LUTS, quality of life, and Q max. The main differences among the drugs are in the profile of adverse events [AEs], with cardiovascular AEs less prevalent with uroselective drugs (and especially with the novel silodosin, which is the compound with the highest selectivity). Conversely, ejaculatory dysfunction is less prevalent with nonselective drugs. 5α-reductase inhibitors [5-ARIs], alone or in combination with α-blockers, might be offered to men who have moderate to severe LUTS and an enlarged prostate to reduce the risk of urinary retention and prostate-related surgery. Those patients with prevalent storage LUTS may have benefited from anticholinergics. The risk of urinary retention with that category of drugs is minimal if patients with a higher risk of bladder outlet obstruction are avoided (e.g., those with PVR >200 mL, Q max <5 mL/s, or history of prior retention). Finally, tadalafil 5 mg is effective in improving symptoms in patients with LUTS, with or without concomitant erectile dysfunction
Asymptomatic Bacteriuria or Urinary Tract Infection? New and Old Biomarkers
Full text linkUrinary tract infections (UTIs) are among the most common infective disease in the adult population. UTI diagnosis is based essentially on the presence of lower urinary tract symptoms (e.g., dysuria, urgency, and frequency) and the evidence of bacteriuria (by dipstick testing and/or urine culture). UTI diagnosis is not always easy because symptoms can be vague, or patient basal conditions can interfere negatively with the diagnostic process, whereas urine culture is still ongoing. In those cases, the differential diagnosis among UTIs and asymptomatic bacteriuria (ABU) may be challenging, while the clinician has to decide whether to start an antibiotic treatment shortly. The purpose of the present review is to analyze the biomarkers that could help in UTI diagnosis. Some biomarkers, such as procalcitonin, interleukin-6, neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin, chemokines, lactoferrin, and bone morphogenetic protein-2, seem promising in UTI diagnosis, while other biomarkers failed to show any utility. Whereas a single biomarker was not enough, a combination of biomarkers could have more chances to help in the diagnosis
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