4,916 research outputs found
Chinese and English Infants’ Tone Perception: Evidence for Perceptual Reorganization.
No full textOver half the world’s population speaks a tone language, yet infant speech perception research has typically focused on consonants and vowels. Very young infants can discriminate a wide range of native and nonnative consonants and vowels, and then in a process of perceptual reorganization over the 1st year, discrimination of most nonnative speech sounds deteriorates. We investigated perceptual reorganization for tones by testing 6- and 9-month-old infants from tone (Chinese) and nontone (English) language environments for speech (lexical tone) and nonspeech (violin sound) tone discrimination in both cross-sectional and longitudinal studies. Overall, Chinese infants performed equally well at 6 and 9 months for both speech and nonspeech tone discrimination. Conversely, English infants’ discrimination of lexical tone declined between 6 and 9 months of age, whereas their nonspeech tone discrimination remained constant. These results indicate that the reorganization of tone perception is a function of the native language environment, and that this reorganization is linguistically based
Nemastoma bidentatum subsp. gruberi Novak, Slana Novak, Kozel & Raspotnig 2021, ssp. nov.
No full textNemastoma bidentatum gruberi Novak, Slana Novak, Kozel & Raspotnig ssp. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 17EA28A1-5F36-4DFC-9191-9C8680496FAC Figs 1A, C, 2– 3, 4E, 5E, 6E, 7E, 8E, 9E, 10E, 11E, 12E, 13D; Table 8 Nemastoma bidentatum sparsum – Novak et al. 2002: 136 [partim: Brežice, Črnomelj, Kočevje, Krško, Litija, Metlika, Novo mesto, Ribnica, Sevnica,Trebnje]. — Novak 2004b: 245 [partim: Buje, Karojba, Vižinada]; 2005b: 105. Diagnosis Relatively long-legged subspecies of Nemastoma bidentatum, with strait Ch ventral margin, and Pa-Fe with either 4 subequidistantly positioned spines or pointed tubercles or long setae on low protrusions, or their combination in the distal Pa-Fe half, or alternatively, with 2–3 distal stout thorns. Rec sem with one tubular and 12 elongated balloon-like vesicles. Etymology The subspecies name ʻ gruberi ʼ is dedicated to Jürgen Gruber (Vienna), our teacher, colleague and friend, who generously introduced us to the taxonomy of harvestmen and helped in identifying problematic specimens. Material examined Holotype SLOVENIA – WL18 • 1 ♂; Dolenje Laknice, Mokronog; 45.93° N, 15.21° E; 237 m a.s.l.; 26 Oct. 2013; L. Slana Novak and T. Novak leg.; mixed forest litter sift; PMSL-Opiliones-GR 4661. Paratypes SLOVENIA – WL18 • 1 ♀; same collection data as for holotype; PMSL-Opiliones-GR 4664 • 5 ♂♂, 4 ♀♀; same collection data as for holotype; PMSL-Opiliones-GR4662, GR4666, GR4667, GR4669, GR4673, GR4676 to GR4679. Other material ITALY – VL05 • 1 ♀; Chiusa/Ricmanje; 29 Sep. 1999; L. Slana Novak and T. Novak leg. (275/1999, rev. 2015); PMSL. – VL15 • 1 ♀; Basovizza/Bazovica; 29 Sep. 1999; L. Slana Novak and T. Novak leg. (271/1999, rev. 2015); PMSL. CROATIA – UL92 • 3 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀ (paratypes of N. b. sparsum); vicinity of Buje, and VL02, Vižinada; Sep. 1963; R. Sturany leg.; NHMW 4700. – VL01 • 1 ♂; Karojba; 28 Feb. 1990; F. Potočnik leg. (1307/1998, rev. 2018); PMSL. – VL13 • 1 ♀; Mlini; 30 Sep. 1990; L. Slana Novak and T. Novak leg. (32/1990, rev. 2015); PMSL. – XL90 • 1 ♂, 2 ♀♀; Ponor Sušik, Drežnik; 8 Sep. 2009; A. Schönhofer leg. (Coll. ASc 334, ASc det., TN rev. 5/2012); PMSL. SLOVENIA – UL93 • 4 ♀♀, 1 juv.; Abrami; 19 Jul. 1999; L. Slana Novak and T. Novak leg. (148/1999, rev. 2018); PMSL • 2 ♀♀; ibid.; 20 Jul. 1999; L. Slana Novak and T. Novak leg. (188/1999, rev. 2015); PMSL • 1 ♀; Dragonja; 14 Sep. 2000; L. Slana Novak and T. Novak leg. (154/2001, rev. 2015); PMSL • 4 ♂♂, 4 ♀♀; Dragonja valley; 26 Jun. 2015; T. Novak leg. (78/2015 = GR 5123−5130); PMSL • 2 ♂♂, 3 ♀♀; Ivankovec; 23 Sep. 1998; L. Slana Novak and T. Novak leg. (1791/1998, rev. 2018); PMSL • 1 ♀; Lucija–Seča – Debernardo; 22 Sep. 1998; L. Slana Novak and T. Novak leg. (1817/1998, rev. 2019); PMSL • 1 ♂; Korte; 23 Sep. 1998; L. Slana Novak and T. Novak leg. (1821/1998, rev. 2018); PMSL • 33 ♂♂, 30 ♀♀; Medljan, Korte; 21 Aug. 1999; T. Novak leg. (239/1999, rev. 2018); PMSL • 1 juv.; ibid.; 22 Jun. 2000; B. Bertoncelj, B. Ogrizek and T. Novak leg. (217/2000, rev. 2018); PMSL • 1 ♀; ibid.; (218/2000, TN rev. 2019); PMSL • 1 ♂; Padna; 19 Jul. 1999; L. Slana Novak and T. Novak leg. (168/1999, rev. 2017); PMSL • 2 ♀♀; Parecag; 23 Sep. 1998; L. Slana Novak and T. Novak leg. (1788/1998, rev. 2018); PMSL • 1 ♀; Seča; 10 Oct. 1998; L. Slana Novak and T. Novak leg. (1844/1998, rev. 2008); PMSL • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; ibid.; 24 Oct. 1998, L. Slana Novak and T. Novak leg. (1881/1998, rev. 2007); PMSL • 3 ♀♀; ibid.; 21 Aug. 1999; M. Štangelj and T. Novak leg. (236/1999, rev. 2008); PMSL • 15 ♂♂, 21 ♀♀; ibid.; 21 Aug. 1999; M. Štangelj and T. Novak leg. (231/1999, rev. 2015); PMSL • 1 ♂, 6 ♀♀; Sečovlje; 1 Mar. 2009; L. Slana Novak and T. Novak leg. (1/2015); PMSL • 1 ♂; Sv. Peter; 11 Oct. 1998; L. Slana Novak and T. Novak leg. (1850/1998, rev. 2015); PMSL • 4 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀; Sv. Sab, Padna; 19 Jul. 1999; L. Slana Novak and T. Novak leg. (151/1999, rev. 2009); PMSL • 1 ♀; Škrline, Dragonja; 20 Jul. 1999; L. Slana Novak and T. Novak leg. (194/1999, rev. 2015); PMSL. – VL03 • 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀; Boršt; 14 Apr. 2011; T. Novak leg. (76/2011, rev. 2015); PMSL • 2 ♀♀; ibid.; (81/2011, rev. 2015); PMSL. – VL04 • 1 ♀; Ankaran; 29 Sep. 1999; L. Slana Novak and T. Novak leg. (276/1999, rev. 2015); PMSL • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; Kolombini, Spodnje Škofije; 26 Sep. 2007; L. Slana Novak and T. Novak leg. (94/2007, rev. 2018); PMSL • 5 ♂♂; Mlinarji – Osp; 26 Sep. 2007; L. Slana Novak and T. Novak leg. (97/2007, rev. 2017); PMSL • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; Rižana; 24 Sep. 2016; L. Slana Novak and T. Novak leg. (18/2018); PMSL • 1 ♀; Škocjanski zatok, Koper; 15 Oct. 2009; S. Polak leg. (PK 1/2015); NM • 4 ♂♂, 3 ♀♀; Zgornje Škofije – Tinjan; 26 Sep. 2007; L. Slana Novak and T. Novak leg. (88/2007); PMSL. – VL07 • 4 ♀♀; Hrastje, Šmarje; 17 Aug. 2000 (674/2000, rev. 2015); PMSL. – VL13 • 1 ♂; Poletiči, Kubed; 4 Sep. 2016; T. Marinko leg. (27/2016); PMSL • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; Sočerga; 28 Sep. 1990; L. Slana Novak and T. Novak leg. (31/1990, rev. 2015); PMSL. – VL14 • 4 ♂♂, 4 ♀♀; Bezovica; 29 Sep. 1990; L. Slana Novak and T. Novak leg. (LSN 1/1990, TN rev. 2018); PMSL • 1 ♂; Hrpelje, Kozina; 2 Apr. 1993; S. Brelih leg. (651/1998, rev. 2018); PMSL • 2 ♂♂; Predloka; 29 Sep. 1990; L. Slana Novak and T. Novak leg. (35/1990, rev. 2015); PMSL • 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀; Rižana; 29 Sep. 1990; L. Slana Novak and T. Novak leg. (33/1990, rev. 2015); PMSL. – VL15 • 1 ♀; Botač; 22 Mar. 1990; M. Černila, B. Horvat and I. Sivec leg. (1246/1997); PMSL. – VL16 • 1 ♂; Divača; 2 Apr. 1993; S. Brelih leg. (174/2001, rev. 2015); PMSL. – VL17 • 1 ♂; Vrabče, Podnanos; 10 Mar. 1994; S. Brelih leg. (632/1998, rev. 2017); PMSL. – VL18 • 1 ♂; Uhanje; 3 Sep. 2001; T. Novak leg. (329/2001, rev. 2018); PMSL. – VL23 • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; Poljane pri Podgradu; 18 Aug. 2011; L. Slana Novak and T. Novak leg. (166/2012, rev. 2019); PMSL. – VL25 • 3 ♀♀; Buje; 10 Mar. 1994; S. Brelih leg. (163/2001, rev. 2018); PMSL • 1 ♂, 2 ♀♀; Goriče pri Framljah; L. Slana Novak and T. Novak leg. (343/2011); PMSL • 1 ♀; ibid.; (344/2011); PMSL. – VL28 • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; Podvrh, Raka; 18 Jul. 2012; P. Kozel, T. Kozel and T. Novak leg. (55/2012); PMSL • 9 ♂♂, 7 ♀♀; ibid.; (GR 3734–3746); PMSL • 3 ♀♀; ibid.; (GR 3791); PMSL. – VL29 • 6 ♂♂, 12 ♀♀; Dolnje Brezovo, Sevnica; 30 Jun. 2012; (GR 3670–3683); PMSL. – VL36 • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; Palčje – Mt. Javorniki; 1 Oct. 2011; L. Slana Novak and T. Novak leg. (361/2011, rev. 2019); PMSL. – VL45 • 1 ♀; Koritnice − Mašun; 2 Oct. 2011; L. Slana Novak and T. Novak leg. (329/2011, rev. 2014); PMSL. – VL47 • 1 ♀; Suha reber, Koritnice; 21 Jan. 2007; S. Polak leg. (107/2007); NM. – VL54 • 1 ♀; Sviščaki; 20 May 1989; T. Trilar leg. (271/2000, rev. 2017); PMSL • 1 ♀; ibid.; 25 May 1989; T. Trilar leg. (275/2000, rev. 2017); PMSL • 1 ♀; ibid.; 21 Jul. 2001; B. Bertoncelj, U. Bertoncelj and T. Novak leg. (29/2001, rev. 2018); PMSL • 1 ♀; ibid.; (34/2001, rev. 2011); PMSL • 1 ♂, 3 ♀♀; Travni Dolci, Mt. Snežnik; 12 Aug. 2001; L. Slana Novak and T. Novak leg. (195a/2001, rev. 2020); PMSL • 2 ♂♂, 4 ♀♀; Mt. Veliki Snežnik; 20 Jul. 1999; L. Slana Novak and T. Novak leg. (185a/1999, rev. 2020); PMSL • 1 ♂; ibid.; 12 Sep. 2018; L. Slana Novak and T. Novak leg. (116/2018); PMSL. – VL36 • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; Palčje − Javorniki; L. Slana Novak and T. Novak leg. (361/2011, rev. 2015); PMSL. – VL66 • 1 ♀; Benete, Runarsko; 31 May 2004; L. Slana Novak and T. Novak leg. (33/2004, rev. 2015); PMSL. – VL67 • 5 ♂♂, 3 ♀♀; Nova vas – Volčje; 26 Sep. 2006; L. Slana Novak and T. Novak leg. (25/2006, rev. 2019); PMSL • 1 ♂; Runarsko; 26 Sep. 2006; L. Slana Novak and T. Novak leg. (38/2006, rev. 2015); PMSL • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; Veliki vrh, Runarsko; 26 Sep. 2006; L. Slana Novak and T. Novak leg. (36/2006, rev. 2015); PMSL • 7 ♂♂, 5 ♀♀; Volčje; 26 Sep. 2006; L. Slana Novak and T. Novak leg. (28/2006, rev. 2015); PMSL. – VL69 • 1 ♂; Veliki vrh pri Šmarju; 10 May 2008; L. Slana Novak and T. Novak leg. (156/2011); PMSL. – VL74 • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; Mt. Goteniški Snežnik; 28 May 2000; L. Slana Novak and T. Novak leg. (247/2000, rev. 2007); PMSL • 1 ♀; Strma reber, Zgornji Čačiči; 27 Sep. 1996; L. Slana Novak and T. Novak leg. (LSN 126/1996, TN rev. 2008); PMSL. – VL75 • 2 ♂♂; Draga; 17 Aug. 2011; L. Slana Novak and T. Novak leg. (94/2011); PMSL • 1 ♂, 2 ♀♀; Mt. Goteniški Snežnik; 28 May 2000; L. Slana Novak and T. Novak leg. (253/2000, rev. 2007); PMSL. – VL76 • 1 ♂; Bukovica, Ribnica; Jul.1994; B. Oven leg. (LSN 25/1996, TN rev. 2009); PMSL • 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀; Lipovšica, Sodražica; 22 Aug. 2011; L. Slana Novak and T. Novak leg. (100/2011, rev. 2018); PMSL • 1 ♂; Nova Štifta; 22 Aug. 2011; L. Slana Novak and T. Novak leg. (105/2011); PMSL • 2 ♂♂, 3 ♀♀; Ribnica; 6 Sep. 2000; M. Mlakar leg. (828/2000, rev. 2008); PMSL • 1 ♂, 2 ♀♀; ibid.; (831/2000, rev. 2019); PMSL • 1 ♀; Mt. Turn; 27 Jun. 1980; B. Drovenik leg. (383/2002, rev. 2018); PMSL • 1 ♂; ibid.; 28 Aug. 1980; B. Drovenik leg. (394/2002, rev. 2009); PMSL. – VL77 • 1 ♂; Dolnje Retje; 3 May 2008; L. Slana Novak and T. Novak leg. (161/2011); PMSL • 1 ♀; Rašica, Velike Lašče; 16 Jun. 1986 (261/2002, rev. 2015); PMSL • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; Velike Poljane, Ortnek; 3 May 2008; L. Slana Novak and T. Novak leg. (142/2011, rev. 2019); PMSL. – VL78 • 1 ♂; Laporje; 3 May 2008; L. Slana Novak and T. Novak leg. (151/2011); PMSL • 1 ♀; Zagradec pri Grosupljem; 7 Jul. 1986; L. Slana Novak and T. Novak leg. (500/2002, rev. 2015); PMSL. – VL79 • 1 ♀; Veliki Lipoglav − Dobrinje; 8 Jul. 1986; L. Slana Novak and T. Novak leg. (467/2002, rev. 2015); PMSL. – VL83 • 2 ♂♂; Vršič, Banjaloka; 24 Apr. 2001; S. Brelih leg. (121/2001, rev. 2019); PMSL. – VL84 • 1 ♂; Jelenja vas; 3 May 2008; L. Slana Novak and T. Novak leg. (137a/2011); PMSL • 1 ♂; ibid.; (153/2011); PMSL • 1 ♂; Pleš, Borovec pri Kočevski Reki; 19 Sep. 2013; P. Kozel and T. Novak leg. (71/2013, rev. 2018); PMSL. – VL85 • 1 ♀; Grčarice; 18 Oct. 2013; T. Novak leg. (63/2013, rev. 2015); PMSL • 1 ♂, 2 ♀♀; Grčarske Ravne; 18 Oct. 2013; T. Novak leg. (66/2013, TN rev. 2019); PMSL • 3 ♀♀; Kočevje; 6 Sep. 2000; M. Mlakar leg. (822/2000, rev. 2008); PMSL • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; ibid.; (825/2000, rev. 2007); PMSL • 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀; Mt. Stojna, Kočevje; 25 Oct. 1996; S. Brelih leg. (92/2001, rev. 2008); PMSL. – VL86 • 1 ♀; Dolenja vas; 3 May 2008; L. Slana Novak and T. Novak leg. (110/2011); PMSL • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; ibid.; (154/2012, rev. 2018); PMSL. – VL87 • 1 ♂; Breg pri Zagradcu; 4 Nov. 1993; S. Brelih leg. (805/1998, rev. 2007); PMSL. – VL89 • 1 ♀; Potok, Stična; 4 Mar. 1994; S. Brelih leg. (658/1998, rev. 2015); PMSL. – VL93 • 1 ♂; Brsnik, Fara; 3 May 2008; L. Slana Novak and T. Novak leg. (157/2011, rev. 2018); PMSL. – VL94 • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; Dolenja Žaga; 29 Apr. 2001; S. Brelih leg. (131/2001, rev. 2015); PMSL • 1 ♀; Dolenja Žaga – Podstene; 26 Jun. 1999; L. Slana Novak and T. Novak leg. (90/1999, rev. 2008); PMSL • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; Gorenja Žaga; 3 May 2008; L. Slana Novak and T. Novak leg. (111a/2011); PMSL • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; ibid.; (159/2011); PMSL • 1 ♀; Ograja; 3 May 2008; L. Slana Novak and T. Novak leg. (109a/2011); PMSL • 1 ♀; ibid.; (121a/2011); PMSL • 1 ♀; ibid.; (144/2011); PMSL • 1 ♀; ibid.; (148/2011); PMSL • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; Ograja – Suhor − Morava; 3 May 2008; L. Slana Novak and T. Novak leg. (120a/2011); PMSL • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; ibid.; (138a/2011); PMSL • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; ibid.; (152/2011); PMSL • 1 ♂; Ograja – Zdihovo; 26 Jun. 1999; L. Slana Novak and T. Novak leg. (76/1999, rev. 2008); PMSL • 3 juvs; ibid.; 12 Jun. 1999; L. Slana Novak and T. Novak leg. (32/1999, rev. 2008); PMSL • 2 juvs; Podstene pri Kostelu; 12 Jun. 1999; L. Slana Novak and T. Novak leg. (24/1999, rev. 2008); PMSL • 1 ♂; Rajndol; 21 Mar. 1994; S. Brelih leg. (821/1998, rev. 2008); PMSL • 5 ♂♂, 3 ♀♀; Srednji Potok, Banja Loka; 8 Oct. 2012; P. Kozel and T. Novak leg. (68/2015); PMSL • 1 ♂, 1 ♀, 2 juvs; Štalcerski preval; 12 Jun. 1999; L. Slana Novak and T. Novak leg. (33/1999, rev. 2008); PMSL. – VL95 • 1 ♂, 2 ♀♀; Dolga vas; 17 Aug. 1985; T. Novak, M. Slana Novak and L. Slana Novak leg. (LSN 97/1986, TN rev. 2007); PMSL • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; Livold; 3 May 2008; L. Slana Novak and T. Novak leg. (123a/2011); PMSL • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; ibid.; (158/2011); PMSL. – VL97 • 1 ♀; Dvor, Lašče; 10 May 2008; L. Slana Novak and T. Novak leg. (112/2011); PMSL • 1 ♂, 2 ♀♀; Železno, Dobrnič; 4 Nov. 1993; S. Brelih leg. (812/1998, rev. 2007); PMSL. – VL99 • 3 ♀♀; Nova gora, Čatež; 15 Aug. 2007; L. Slana Novak and T. Novak leg. (61/2007, rev. 2015); PMSL. – VM80 • 1 ♂; Litija; 10 Sep. 2000; M. Mlakar leg. (809/2000, rev. 2008); PMSL • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; ibid.; (834/2000, rev. 2015); PMSL. – WL03 • 2 ♂♂; Dolenje Kozice; 18 Apr.−13 May 2002; B. Drovenik and A. Gergeli leg. (509/2018); PMSL • 1 ♂; ibid.; 18 Apr.−13 May 2002; B. Drovenik and A. Gergeli leg. (550/2018); PMSL • 1 ♂; ibid.; 5 Jul. 2002; B. Drovenik and A. Pirnat leg. (1135/2018); PMSL • 1 ♀; ibid.; 6 Aug. 2002; B. Drovenik and A. Pirnat leg. (1090/2018); PMSL • 1 ♀; ibid.; 30 Sep. –28 Oct. 2002; B. Drovenik and A. Gergeli leg. (PK 64/2012); PMSL • 1 ♀; ibid.; 25 Nov. 2002; B. Drovenik and A. Pirnat leg. (270/2018); PMSL • 2 ♀♀; ibid.; 25 Nov. −23 Dec. 2002; B. Drovenik and A. Gergeli leg. (1027/2018); PMSL • 4 ♂♂, 5 ♀♀; Srednji Radenci; 17 Aug. 1985; L. Slana Novak, M. Slana Novak and T. Novak leg. (LSN 51/1986, rev. 2008); PMSL • 3 ♂♂, 4 ♀♀; Stari trg ob Kolpi; 21 Mar. 1994; S. Brelih leg. (851/1998, rev. 2008); PMSL • 5 ♂♂, 5 ♀♀; Dolenji Radenci – Breg pri Sinjem vrhu; 3 May 2008; L. Slana Novak and T. Novak leg. (135a/2011); PMSL • 5 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀; ibid.; (149/2011); PMSL. – WL05 • 1 ♂, 3 ♀♀, 1 juv.; Črmošnjice; 16 Aug. 1985; L. Slana Novak, M. Slana Novak and T. Novak leg. (160/1997); PMSL • 1 ♀; Koprivnik, Kočevski Rog; 21 Mar. 1994; S. Brelih leg. (867/1998, rev. 2008); PMSL • 1 ♂, 2 ♀♀; Mt. Mirna gora; 8 Oct. 2012; P. Kozel and T. Novak leg. (59/2015); PMSL • 4 ♂♂, 4 ♀♀; ibid.; 8 Oct. 2012; P. Kozel and T. Novak leg. (66/2015); PMSL. – WL06 • 1 ♂; Cerovec − Selišče, Podturn pri Dolenjskih toplicah; 10 May 2008; L. Slana Novak and T. Novak leg. (145/2011, rev. 2017); PMSL. – WL07 • 1 ♂; Boršt pri Dvoru; 10 May 2008; L. Slana Novak and T. Novak leg. (113/2012); PMSL • 1 ♀; Prečna, Mirna; Jun. 2000; V. Jaćimović leg. (PK and TN 100/2020); PMSL. – WL08 • 1 ♂; Rdeči kal, Dobrnič; 4 Nov. 1993; S. Brelih leg. (872/1998, rev. 2007); PMSL • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; Trebnje; 29 Aug. 2000; M. Mlakar leg. (787/2000, rev. 2018); PMSL • 1 ♂; ibid.; (787a/2000, rev. 2018); PMSL • 1 ♀; ibid.; (788/2000, rev. 2008); PMSL. – WL13 • 4 ♀♀; Balkovci, Vinica; 15 Aug. 1999; M. Štangelj and T. Novak leg. (212/1999, rev. 2008); PMSL • 2 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀; Dolenji Radenci – Breg pri Sinjem vrhu; 3 May 2008; L. Slana Novak and T. Novak leg. (146/2011); PMSL • 4 ♂♂, 1 ♀; Kot pri Dramlju; 16 Aug. 1999; M. Štangelj and T. Novak leg. (207/1999, rev. 2015); PMSL • 3 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀; Špeharji, Vinica; 16 Aug. 1999; M. Štangelj and T. Novak leg. (201/1999, rev. 2006); PMSL • 6 ♂♂, 5 ♀♀; Vinica – Sinji vrh; 17 Aug. 1985; L. Slana Novak, M. Slana Novak and T. Novak leg. (LSN 59/1986, TN rev. 2007); PMSL • 2 ♂♂; Vukovci; 18 Apr. 1996; S. Brelih leg. (764/1998, rev. 2007); PMSL. – WL14 • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; Bistrica, Črnomelj; 26 Jun. 1999; L. Slana Novak and T. Novak leg. (65/1999, rev. 2017); PMSL • 1 ♀; Črnomelj; 15 Aug. 1999; M. Štangelj and T. Novak leg. (221/1999, rev. 2008); PMSL • 3 ♂♂, 3 ♀♀, 2 juvs; Desinec – Črnomelj; 17 Aug. 1985; L. Slana Novak, M. Slana Novak and T. Novak leg. (385/1998, rev. 2007); PMSL • 2 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀; Tanča gora; 21 Mar. 1994; S. Brelih leg. (861/1998, rev. 2015); PMSL • 5 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀; Sinji vrh, Vinica; 16 Aug. 1999; M. Štangelj and T. Novak leg. (205/1999, rev. 2007); PMSL. – WL15 • 1 ♀; Krupa spring; 10 Mar. 1994; S. Brelih leg. (808/1998, rev. 2007); PMSL • 6 ♂♂, 3 ♀♀, 3 juvs; Lokve, Črnomelj; 2 Jul. 1995; L. Slana Novak and T. Novak leg. (105/1997, rev. 2009); PMSL • 3 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀; Mihelja vas; 18 Aug. 1985; L. Slana Novak, M. Slana Novak and T. Novak leg. (LSN 55/1986, TN rev. 2017); PMSL • 1 ♀; Praprot; 6 Aug. 1997; T. Novak leg. (418/1998, rev. 2008); PMSL • 1 ♀; ibid.; (432/1998, rev. 2008); PMSL • 1 ♀; ibid.; 22 Jul. 1999; L. Slana Novak and T. Novak leg. (37/1999, rev. 2008); PMSL • 1 ♀; ibid.; (110/1999, rev. 2008); PMSL • 2 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀; Stranska vas; 22 Jul. 1999; L. Slana Novak and T. Novak leg. (108/1999, rev. 2007); PMSL • 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀; Vrčice; 10 May 2008; L. Slana Novak and T. Novak leg. (110/2012); PMSL • 1 ♂, 3 ♀♀; Vrčice – Semič; 8 Oct. 2012; P. Kozel and T. Novak leg. (64/2015); PMSL. – WL16 • 2 ♀♀; Laze, Uršna Sela; 10 May 2008; L. Slana Novak and T. Novak leg. (103/2012, rev. 2015); PMSL • 1 ♀; ibid.; (108/2012, rev. 2018); PMSL. – WL17 • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; Brod, Novo Mesto; 31 Aug. 2000; M. Mlakar leg. (811/2000, rev. 2007); PMSL • 1 ♂; Novo mesto; Karaman leg. (87/1983 microscopic preparation, JH det., TN rev. 2011); PMSL • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; ibid.; Karaman leg. (108/1983 microscopic preparation, JH det., TN rev. 2011); PMSL • 1 ♀; ibid.; (814/2000); PMSL • 1 ♂; ibid.; (153/2018 microscopic preparation, JH det., TN rev. 2018); PMSL • 1 ♀, 1 ♀; ibid.; 31 Aug. 2000; M. Mlakar leg. (811/2000, rev. 2007); PMSL • 1 ♂, 2 ♀♀; Ratež; 29 Apr. 1995; S. Brelih leg. (750/1998, rev. 2007); PMSL. – WL18 • 6 ♂♂, 5 ♀♀; Dolenje Laknice; 26 Oct. 2013; T. Novak leg. (GR 4661, 4662, 4664, 4666, 4667, 4669, 4673, 4676, 4677−4679); PMSL. – WL19 • 1 ♀; Boštanj – Mokronog – Križ; L. Slana Novak and T. Novak leg. (70/2007, rev. 2011); PMSL • 1 ♂; Jelovec; 15 Aug. 2007; L. Slana Novak and T. Novak leg. (56/2007); PMSL. – WL23 • 1 ♂; Zilje; 18 Apr. 1996; S. Brelih leg. (767/1998, rev. 2007); PMSL • 1 ♂, 2 ♀♀; Zilje – Vinica; 17 Aug. 1985; L. Slana Novak, M. Slana Novak and T. Novak leg. (364/1998, rev. 2007); PMSL. – WL24 • 5 ♂♂, 1 ♀, 1 juv.; Gorenjci pri Adlešičih; 15 Aug. 1999; M. Štangelj and T. Novak leg. (218/1999, rev. 2007); PMSL • 1 ♂; Dragoši, Griblje; 18 Apr. 1994; S. Brelih leg. (733/1998, rev. 2007); PMSL • 4 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀; Griblje − Desinec; 16 Aug. 1985; L. Slana Novak, M. Slana Novak and T. Novak leg. (161/1997, rev. 2009); PMSL. – WL25 • 1 ♂; Bečka jama cave, Cad. No. 6275, Boldraž; 9 Jun. 2004; V. Germovšek, T. Tkavc, A. Kocuvan and T. Novak leg. (21/2004, rev. 2007); PMSL • 1 ♂; Božakovo; 3 May 2004; L. Slana Novak and T. Novak leg. (48/2004, rev. 2007); PMSL • 2 ♂♂, 3 ♀♀; Bušinja vas; 18 Apr. 1996; S. Brelih leg. (743/1998, rev. 2007); PMSL • 1 ♂, 4 ♀♀; Kapljišče; 16 Aug. 1985; L. Slana Novak, M. Slana Novak and T. Novak leg. (LSN 113/1986, TN rev. 2007); PMSL • 2 ♂♂, 1 juv.; ibid. (LSN 119/1986, TN rev. 2007); PMSL • 3 ♀♀; Metlika; 31 Aug. 2000; M. Mlakar leg. (816/2000, rev. 2007); PMSL • 1 ♂; ibid.; (818/2000, rev. 2015); PMSL • 7 ♂♂, 9 ♀♀; Trnovec, Metlika; 23 Jul. 1999; L. Slana Novak and T. Novak leg. (141/1999, rev. 2008); PMSL • 1 ♂, 2 ♀♀; Sv. Urban, Metlika; 18 Apr. 1996; S. Brelih leg. (784/1998, rev. 2007); PMSL. – WL26 • 1 ♂; Krašnji vrh; 9 Jun. 2004; V. Germovšek, T. Tkavc, A. Kocuvan and T. Novak leg. (37/2004, rev. 2007); PMSL • 1 ♂; Markučev Mlin, Krašnji vrh; 1 Jul. 2007; L. Slana Novak and T. Novak leg. (21/2007); PMSL • 4 &fema
A review of harvestmen (Arachnida: Opiliones) in Slovenia*
No full textNovak, Tone, Delakorda, Saša Lipovšek, Novak, Ljuba Slana (2006): A review of harvestmen (Arachnida: Opiliones) in Slovenia*. Zootaxa 1325 (1): 267-276, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1325.1.1
Nemastoma bidentatum subsp. martensi Novak, Slana Novak & Raspotnig 2021, ssp. nov.
No full text<i>Nemastoma bidentatum martensi</i> Novak, Slana Novak & Raspotnig ssp. nov. <p>urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: CCDC54EF-D41A-4547-A4D4-50370212C243</p> <p>Figs 2–3, 4G, 5G, 6G, 7G, 8G, 9G, 10G, 11G, 12G, 13F; Table 10</p> Diagnosis <p> Subspecies of <i>Nemastoma bidentatum</i> with Ch basal article with a saw-like series of 1–3 μm high denticles on anterior margin of ventral hump, and a row of 5–11 denticles and tubercles in the distal half of Pa-Fe. Rec sem of 12–14 slightly elongated balloon-like vesicles.</p> Etymology <p> The subspecies name ʻ <i>martensi</i> ʼ is dedicated to Jochen Martens (Mainz), our teacher, colleague and friend, who provided the first modern revision of harvestmen in Slovenia.</p> Material examined <p> <b>Holotype</b> SLOVENIA – <b>VL23</b> • 1 ♂; Poljane pri Podgradu; 45.50° N, 14.10° E; 597 m a.s.l.; 25 Sep. 2011; L. Slana Novak and T. Novak leg.; thermophile scrub and mixed forest litter sift; PMSL-Opiliones-TN 287/2011. <b>Paratypes</b> SLOVENIA – <b>VL23</b> • 8 ♂♂, 5 ♀♀; same collection data as for holotype; PMSL-Opiliones-TN 287/2011.</p> <p> <b>Other material</b></p> <p> SLOVENIA – <b>VL15</b> • 3 ♂♂, 8 ♀♀; Buje; 27 Sep. 2011; L. Slana Novak and T. Novak leg. (316/2011, rev. 2015); PMSL • 2 ♂♂; ibid.; (316a/2011); PMSL • 1 ♀; Mt. Ostrič; 29 Aug. 2014; L. Slana Novak and T. Novak leg. (32/2014); PMSL. – <b>VL23</b> • 4 ♂♂, 1 ♀; Poljane pri Podgradu; 15 May 2011; L. Slana Novak and T. Novak leg. (40/2012); PMSL • 1 ♂; ibid.; 18 Aug. 2011; (165/2012); PMSL • 3 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀; ibid.; 20 May 2012; L. Slana Novak and T. Novak leg. (GR 3597−3601, TN det.); PMSL • 1 ♂, 2 ♀♀; ibid.; 24 Oct. 2013; L. Slana Novak and T. Novak leg. (GR 6017, 6018, 6020, TN det.); PMSL • 2 ♂♂, 4 ♀♀; ibid.; 28 Oct. 2013; L. Slana Novak and T. Novak leg. (GR 4651, 4653, 4654, 4656, 4657, 4659, TN det.); PMSL • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; Mt. Velika Medvižica; 18 Jul. 2014; L. Slana Novak and T. Novak leg. (15/2014); PMSL. – <b>VL24</b> • 1 ♂; Mala Plešivica, Golac; 20 Sep. 2012; T. Novak leg. (169/2012); PMSL • 1 ♂; ibid.; 5 Oct. 2012; L. Slana Novak and T. Novak leg. (PK 20/2012, TN rev. 2018); PMSL • 1 ♀; ibid.; 21 May 2014; P. Kozel and T. Novak leg. (PK 18/2014); PMSL • 1 ♀; ibid.; (PK 18/2014); PMSL • 1 ♂; Mt. Mala Pleševica – Mt. Lipica; 19 Oct. 2014; T. Novak leg. (26/2015); PMSL • 1 ♂; Obrov – Golac; 19 Sep. 2011; L. Slana Novak and T. Novak leg. (253/2011); PMSL • 1 ♂; Mt. Velika Pleševica; 19 Oct. 2014; T. Novak leg. (14/2015); PMSL • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; ibid.; (16/2015); PMSL • 1 ♂; Velika vrata, Mt. Velika Pleševica; 6 Oct. 2012; L. Slana Novak and T. Novak leg. (186/2012); PMSL • 4 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀; ibid.; (PK 16/2012, TN rev. 2018); PMSL. – <b>VL25</b> • 1 ♀; Buje – Suhorje; 27 Sep. 2011; L. Slana Novak and T. Novak leg. (298/2011); PMSL. – <b>VL26</b> • 3 ♂♂; Fameljska loza, Senožeče; 1 Oct. 2011; L. Slana Novak and T. Novak leg. (351/2011); PMSL. – <b>VL33</b>; PMSL • 3 ♂♂; Starod; 25 Sep. 2011; L. Slana Novak and T. Novak leg. (269/2011); PMSL. – <b>VL34</b> • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; Harije; 19 Sep. 2011; L. Slana Novak and T. Novak leg. (224a/2011); PMSL. – <b>VL43</b> • 2 ♀♀; Novokrajska jama cave, Cad. No. 810, Novokračine; 21 Jul. 2006; P. Trontelj and M. Zagmajster leg. (PK and TN 96/2020); PMSL • Novokračine; 2 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀; 27 Sep. 2011; L. Slana Novak and T. Novak leg. (307/2011, rev. 2015); PMSL. – <b>VL44</b> • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; Jablanica – Trpčane; 9 Sep. 2011; L. Slana Novak and T. Novak leg. (252/2011, rev. 2015); PMSL. – <b>VL53</b> • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; Mt. Šešnovica; 27 Sep. 2011; L. Slana Novak and T. Novak leg. (300/2011); PMSL. – <b>VL54</b> • 1 ♀; Bezgovec, Zabiče; 13 Nov.–10 Dec. 2002; B. Drovenik and A. Gergeli leg. (PK 50/2012; TN rev. 2018); PMSL • 1 ♀; ibid.; 16 Oct.–13 Nov. 2002; B. Drovenik and A. Gergeli leg. (PK 58/2012; TN rev. 2018); PMSL • 1 ♂; Mt. Snežnik; 12 Sep. 2018; L. Slana Novak and T. Novak leg. (116b/2018); PMSL. – <b>VL84</b> • 1 ♂, 1 ♀; Pleš, Borovec pri Kočevski Reki; 19 Sep. 2013; T. Novak leg. (60/2013, rev. 2015); PMSL. – <b>VL87</b> • 1 ♂; Veliki Grintovec, Zagradec, Žužemberk; 10 May 2008; L. Slana Novak and T. Novak leg. (117/2011, rev. 2015); PMSL.</p> Description <p> <b>Male</b> (holotype)</p> <p>BODY. Length 1.63, width 1.26.</p> <p>CHELICERAE. Ch basal article (without Apo) length 0.57, 2.5 times as long as wide at Ch max width at dorsal hump, and with a saw-like series of 1–3 μm high denticles on anterior margin of ventral hump (not visible on Figs). Ch-Apo small, 0.31 times as high as basal article length, rounded-trapezoid, widest distally, highest posteriorly; Ch-Apo height 0.18, max width 0.15, min width 0.09 (at the base), frontal margin quarter moon-like. Secretion field medially. Distal article length 0.58, max width 0.19, movable finger length 0.23 (Figs 4G, 5G, 6G).</p> <p> PEDIPALPS. Pa-Tr oval-trapezoid, moderately high (Pa-Tr height:length <i>~</i> 0.6:1), Pa-Fe moderately robust (Pa-Fe min:max width ~1:3.0), with 7 subequidistant low, stout, irregularly shaped tubercles and denticles in the distal Pa-Fe half. Pa-Pt moderately robust (length: max width ~ 1:4.0) (Figs 5G, 6G). Pa article lengths in Table 10.</p> <p>PENIS. Pe length 1.44, base 0.45, glans 0.12, stylus 0.07 (Figs 7G, 8G).</p> <p>LEGS. Pseudoarticle leg-Fe formula I−IV: 0−1−1−2. Tarsomere leg-Fe formula I−IV: 8−17−8−9. Leg article lengths in Table 10.</p> <p> <b>Female</b></p> <p>BODY. Length 2.23, width 1.60.</p> <p>CHELICERAE. Ch basal article length 0.60, 2.9 times as long as wide at dorsal hump, with slightly, evenly arched dorsal margin in front dorsal indentation, and medial straight portion in middle of slightly concave ventral margin (Fig. 13F). Distal article length 0.63, max width 0.20, movable finger length 0.23.</p> <p>PEDIPALPS. Pa-Tr with moderately high, arched, with straight posterior portion of dorsal margin, Pa-Fe slightly widened distally; Pa-Pt, Pa-Ti and Pa-Ta elongated (Fig. 13F). Pa article lengths in Table 10.</p> <p>OVIPOSITOR. Ovipositor length 0.94, Rec sem of 12–14 slightly elongated vesicles (Fig. 11G).</p> <p>LEGS. Leg article lengths in Table 10.</p> Distribution <p>Croatia, Slovenia. Vertical distribution in Slovenia: 320−1030 m a.s.l. Type locality: Poljane pri Podgradu (45.50° N, 14.10° E, 597 m a.s.l.), Slovenia.</p> Ecology <p> <i>Nemastoma b. martensi</i> ssp. nov. is native to lowland to submontane habitats with thermophile scrub and <i>Quercetalia pubescenti–petraeae</i> and <i>Tilia platyphyllos</i> Scop. forest communities, with partly substantial admixture of <i>Fagus sylvatica</i> and <i>Corylus avellana</i> L. in southwestern Slovenia. Phenology: adults probably eurychronous.</p>Published as part of <i>Novak, Tone, Novak, Ljuba Slana, Kozel, Peter, Schaider, Miriam Gudrun, Komposch, Christian, Lipovšek, Saška, Podlesnik, Jan, Paušič, Igor & Raspotnig, Günther, 2021, Hidden diversity within the Nemastoma bidentatum Roewer, 1914 complex (Opiliones: Nemastomatidae) Part I: Morphological evidence, pp. 1-67 in European Journal of Taxonomy 777</i> on pages 28-30, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.777.1561, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/5637112">http://zenodo.org/record/5637112</a>
Hadzinia ferrani Novak & Kozel 2014, sp. n.
No full textHadzinia ferrani sp. n. Figs 1–25. Material examined. Holotype: ♂, the Ferranova buža cave, the Cave Cadastre No. 8085, N 45°58´35˝, E 14°15´07˝, Mt. Ulovka (801 m), Zaplana, Vrhnika, Slovenia, 29.XII.2012, the cave section of Hamex, - 75 m, on a flowstone concretion named Animal Planet, M. Ferran leg.: 1 ♂ and a ♂ chitinous remains−exuvium? (TN 1/2013; TN = Coll. T. Novak, finally in the Nat. Hist. Mus. of Slovenia, Ljubljana); 06.VIII.2005, the cave section of Stotka, - 100 m, on a wet wall, M. Ferran leg.: 1 juvenile (paratype) (TN 67/2013); 26.I.2013, Stotka, on a wet wall: 1 ♀ (allotype) (TN 2/2013), T. Novak leg.; 16.II.2013, Stotka: 1 ♀ (TN 2/2013) and Animal Planet: 1 ♀ (paratypes) (TN 68/2013), T. Novak, N. Matijević leg.; 11.IV.2014, Hodnik, - 170m, T. Delić, T. Šuštar, F. Gabrovšek leg.: 1 ♂ (in present courtesy of T. Delić). In addition, two observations are available: 30.IV.2005, Animal Planet, M. Ferran (photo): 1 ex., and 21.−22.IV.2012, - 170 m, A. Bizjak, M. Staut (observation): 1 ex. Diagnosis. Very small (1.1−1.4), highly specialized eyeless troglobiotic Hadzinia, characterized by its low ocular tubercle and long, thin appendages: basal cheliceral article 2/3 as long, and pedipalp 6-times as long as body. Pedipalp tarsus strongly bent ventrally. Glans with sparse, long, rod-like minute spines and a few conical minute spines. As far as has been established, H. ferrani sp. n. is endemic to the karst of Mt. Ulovka (801 m) in central Slovenia. Etymology. The species name ferrani is dedicated in honor of Milan Ferran (Ljubljana), who started the investigations within the Ferranova buža cave, and who discovered and collected the first specimen of this species. Description. Male, holotype: Body length 1.11, body tender, with scutum magnum. Color of body light beige (Figs 1, 2). Dorsum weakly sclerotized, with dense, short (up to 5 µm) mucronate, cuticular microtubercles (microtrichia) covering most of the cephalothorax and abdomen, gradually changing from microtrichia at the cephalothorax edges into dense tuberculate microgranula (Fig. 3). Ocular tubercle low but well pronounced, wider than long, starting half its length behind the anterior edge of the dorsal scutum. Cuticle of cephalothorax thicker in the center and thinner towards the edges, with scattered oval and irregularly shaped spots of thiner parts (Fig. 4). Eyes completely reduced, but former position indicated by round cuticular spots, where probably the reduced optical nerves emerged (seen under fluorescence; Fig. 4). Supracheliceral lamellae large, with straight frontal margin and mammillary tubercles, similar to those in female (Fig. 20) and H. karamani (Karaman, 2013, fig. 15). Coxae and ventral side of the body with sparse long setae in a transverse row close to the posterior border of each sternite (Figs 2, 21). Setae longest on pedipalp coxae. Chelicerae intense reddish-brown, long and slender (Figs 7, 9, 10), without apophysis and gland openings, resembling those of Nemaspela species. Lengths of basal article, distal article and movable finger, 0.78, 0.92 and 0.37, respectively. Basal segment basally and terminally widened, without apophysis and glandular pores, with an antero-superior group of three long bristles. Distal segment slender, elongated, frontally evenly set with long bristles, the longest ones as long as the article diameter. Fixed finger with two large black teeth and a series of 14 diaphanous teeth at the base; movable finger with six large teeth, becoming lower and longer towards the apex of the finger, and a series of 13 diaphanous teeth. Pedipalps light reddish-brown, without secondary sexual differences (Figs 6, 12), very long, slender, with scattered, very densely set clavate glandular setae on all articles, except trochanter, diminishing in size from femur till tarsus, and giving a voluminous appearance in living animals. Femur subterminally crooked ventrally, with a few dense short setae disto-dorsally. Patella as long as femur, distally slightly bent, with a group of short setae proximally and one long bristle distally. Tibia distally gradually narrowing. Tarsus long, slightly club-like and ventrally conspicuously bent at an angle of ca. 45°, with two long bristles. For lengths of articles, see Table 1. Legs (Fig. 5; Table 1) beige with darker article endings, very long and thin (L body: L leg II = 1: 22.7), with up to 22 pseudoarticulations (in metatarsus II). Claws simple, straight in preserved specimens (Fig. 5). Leg articles cylindrical, with dense cover of fine bristles, interspersed by few long ones (Fig. 5). Penis (Figs 8, 11; 21, here pay attention to protruding glans) longer than body (possibly caused by body shrinkage in alcohol), 1.22 long, glans 0.13, basis 0.20. Truncus dorsally bent, with nearly parallel margins, narrowest in the middle, slightly dorso-ventrally flattened. Basis straight, oval elongated, incised for about half its length. Glans brownish, elongated barrel-like and slightly wider than truncus, terminally truncated with a pair of conspicuous lateral humps encompassing medial furrow, with sparse long rod-like minute spines and few conical minute spines. Stylus emerging subapically, on the ventral side in the middle of terminal glans furrow between lateral humps (dorsal view). Female: Body length 1.40, whitish to slightly reddish-brown (Figs 14, 15, 22, 23, 24). Chelicerae as in male, somewhat more robust (Figs 16, 17). Lengths of basal article, distal article and movable finger 0.80, 0.98 and 0.42, respectively. Pedipalps (Fig. 13) as in male, lengths of articles see Table 1. Legs (Table 1; Figs 23, 24, distal tarsomerae Fig. 18) as in male, but relatively shorter. Claws as in male. Ovipositor (Fig. 19) ca. 0.45 long, receptacula seminis apparently monovesicular, less than 10 µm, either undeveloped in examined specimens (n=2) or very difficult to see. Relationships. Presently, H. ferrani sp. n. is the only other species described from the genus Hadzinia. Hadzinia ferrani sp. n. can be distinguished from H. karamani especially by its overall slender segments: relatively very long and slender chelicerae in H. ferrani sp. n. vs. relatively short and robust in H. karamani, straight and subterminally crooked vs. sinusoidally curved pedipalp femur, slender vs. thick patella, elongated barrel-shaped vs. truncated cone-like glans, and by long rod-like minute spines besides a few conical ones in H. ferrani sp. n. vs. only conical spines in H. karamani. Distribution. Hadzinia ferrani sp. n. has been found only in the Ferranova buža cave. The species is thus likely endemic to the western Dinaric karst, and probably restricted to the karstic region of Mt. Ulovka (801 m) in central Slovenia. Ecology. In the Ferranova buža cave, all records were taken from a depth of over 70 m beneath the surface where temperatures yielded 7.6 to over 10°C. Individuals were found on bare wet limestone walls beside trickling and seeping water, sometimes showered by water droplets, and on wet flowstone concretions and walls. Their relatively long appendages suggest adaptation to spacious habitats, while their movable, pointed claws enable efficient clinging in slippery and water-drenched sites. This indicates that H. ferrani sp. n. probably prefers terrestrial phreatic habitat sensu Jeannel (1926), i. e., habitats consisting of tiny water trickles in aerated channels inaccessible to humans. These channels originate in the epikarst and pass into the deep karstic massifs (Novak et al. 2012).Published as part of Novak, Tone & Kozel, Peter, 2014, Hadzinia ferrani, sp. n. (Opiliones: Nemastomatidae), a highly specialized troglobiotic harvestman from Slovenia, pp. 135-145 in Zootaxa 3841 (1) on pages 136-137, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3841.1.8, http://zenodo.org/record/492830
Hadzinia ferrani, sp. n. (Opiliones: Nemastomatidae), a highly specialized troglobiotic harvestman from Slovenia
No full textNovak, Tone, Kozel, Peter (2014): Hadzinia ferrani, sp. n. (Opiliones: Nemastomatidae), a highly specialized troglobiotic harvestman from Slovenia. Zootaxa 3841 (1): 135-145, DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3841.1.
Siro crassus Novak & Giribet, 2006, sp. n.
No full textSiro crassus sp. n. Figs 1–32 Holotype: ♂ from Velika Slavšina (46.533263 °N, 15.960520 °E; 290 m altitude), Slovenia, UTM code WM 75 (Fig. 1), 09.VI. 1984, wet deep beech litter sieving, L. Slana, M. Ferenc & T. Novak leg. (TN 310 / 2002). Paratypes: ibid., 2 ♂, 1 Ψ (TN 310 / 2002); ibid., 13.X. 2005, deep solid humic soil near beech roots, L. Slana Novak & T. Novak leg.: 2 Ψ (TN 139 / 2005); ibid., 15.X. 2005: 1 ♂, 1 Ψ (TN 140 / 2005); Šega near Makole (46.300144 °N, 15.659478 °E; 350 m altitude), UTM: WM53, 09.IV. 1983, forest floor, L. Slana, M. Štangelj & T. Novak leg.: 1 ♂ (LS 362 / 1985, rev. TN 2006). Holotype, 2 ♂ paratypes and 2 Ψ paratypes deposited in the Prirodoslovni muzej Slovenije, Ljubljana, Slovenia; ex collection T. Novak & L. Slana Novak (TN 310 / 2002; TN 139 / 2005). 1 ♂ (MCZ 68552, ex TN 140 / 2005) and 1 Ψ (MCZ 68553, ex TN 140 / 2005) paratypes mounted for SEM and used for DNA analysis (MCZ DNA 101802, ex TN 140 / 2005) deposited in the Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University (Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA); 1 ♂ (LS 362 / 1985) and 1 Ψ (TN 139 / 2005) in the Naturhistorisches Museum Wien (Austria). Etymology: From Latin adjective crassus, meaning solid or thick. The species epithet refers to the body shape of the new species, which is relatively large and robust for a member of the genus Siro. Diagnosis: Relatively large, 2.2–2.6 mm in length (Figs 2–5), long-legged and robust Siro species with elongated leg IV so that patella IV surpasses the posterior end of the opisthosoma (Figs 2, 3). Corona analis of male broad (Figs 2 b, 4, 8); corona analis of female protruding, with a concentration of lateral setae on the sides (Figs 3 b, 5, 9, 11). Anal plate of male and female with a longitudinal median keel (Figs 8–9); tergite VIII of male with three anal gland pores (Fig. 10). Metatarsi of legs I–IV completely ornamented with a tuberculate surface (sensu Murphree 1988) (Figs 18, 20, 22, 24, 27). Description: Total length of male holotype (in mm) (female paratype TN 310 / 2002 in parentheses) 2.29 (2.48); largest body width in prosoma behind ozophores: 1.32 (1.39); width across ozophores 1.05 (1.15); body length/width ratio 1.73 (1.78). Body orangebrown (dark to strong brown according to the Munsell’s Color Charts (2000): 7.5 YR 3 / 3–7.5 YR 4 / 6) in life and in ethanol (Figs 2, 3). Anterior margin of dorsal scutum slightly concave; prosomal region almost semicircular. Eyes absent. Ozophores conical, of type II (sensu Juberthie 1970), with subterminal ozopore 1 and with spiral ornamentation of ozophore (sensu de Bivort & Giribet 2004). Transverse prosomal sulcus V-like; transverse opisthosomal sulci inconspicuous (Figs 2 a, 3 a). Dorsal scutum convex; maximum width in prosomal area behind ozophores. Opisthosomal part of dorsal shield slightly wider than ventral side. Ventral prosomal complex of males (Figs 2 b, 4, 6) with coxae I, II and IV meeting in the midline, the later for a distance longer than the gonostome length; coxae II and IV with broad endites; coxae III not meeting in the midline; coxal pores clearly visible between coxae III and IV. Projections of coxae IV endite present in the anterior portion of the gonostome wall. Coxae II free, not fused to coxae III–IV. Ventral prosomal complex of female (Figs 3 b, 5, 7) only with coxae I and II meeting along the midline; coxae II with large endites; coxal pores not observed. Male gonostome sub-semicircular, with slightly concave posterior margin, wider than long (0.152 x 0.109 mm), and delimited laterally and antero-laterally by the elevated endites of coxae IV (Fig. 6). Female gonostome semicircular anteriorly, wider than long (0.183 x 0.116 mm) (Fig. 7). Gonostome of female forming a tube angled at about 45 ° from the body surface, as in Stylocellus globosus Schwendinger & Giribet, 2004 (see Schwendinger et al. 2004). Spiracles (Fig. 12) of circular type (sensu Giribet & Boyer 2002), circular to oval in shape in male, oval in female, with a maximum diameter of 0.048 and 0.069 mm, respectively. 1. de Bivort & Giribet (2004) described the different type of ozophores in Cyphophthalmi and used the term "plugged" for those ozopores partially capped by a smooth surface (their figures 10a–h, 11a–e). It seems that the "cap" of the ozophores is the polymerized substance exuding from the ozopore. This type of ozophore should be referred to as having a subterminal ozopore. Ventral opisthosomal region of male without conspicuous modifications or gland openings. Opisthosomal tergite IX and sternites 8 and 9 fused into a broad, low corona analis in males (Figs 8), and into a protruding corona analis with a concentration of long lateral setae in females (Figs 9, 11). Anal plate oval, 0.299 mm (in males) and 0.309 (in females) mm wide; in males with a high, thin medial ridge, in female individuals with a less conspicuous one; ridge with setae (Figs 8, 9). Three anal gland pores on tergite VIII of males (Fig. 10). Cuticle with tuberculate-microgranular surface (sensu Murphree 1988; this is referred to as “ornamented” hereafter), nearly uniform in dorsal areas and in ventral areas including coxae; tuberculate elements typically elongated behind gonostome and around spiracles. An additional microtuberculate pattern present in the ventral opisthosomal region where different segments merge (Fig. 13), possibly indicating the location of arthrodial membranes during postembryonic development. Chelicerae (Fig. 14) relatively short and robust; basal article in males 1.13 mm long, 0.28 mm wide, with a ventral process, but without a conspicuous dorsal crest; second article 1.04 mm long, 0.19 mm wide; movable finger 0.38 mm long; all articles with few setae, the proximal one almost entirely granulated; 9 uniform denticles on the cutting edge of each cheliceral finger (Fig. 15). Second cheliceral segment not ornamented. Palp (Fig. 16) 1.93 mm long, smooth, slightly ornamented on coxa and trochanter. Measurements of palpal articles in male holotype, length/width (L/W ratio) in mm: Trochanter 0.249 / 0.108 (2.31), femur 0.521 / 0.106 (4.92), patella 0.355 / 0.093 (3.82), tibia 0.403 / 0.087 (4.63), tarsus 0.347 / 0.089 (3.90); claw 0.05 mm long (Fig. 17). Legs (Figs 18–27; Table 1) relatively long and robust. Leg I of holotype longer than leg II; leg I of female paratype TN 310 / 2002 slightly shorter than leg II. Except for the tarsi, all articles ornamented on legs I–IV. Tarsus IV of male entire, with a broad adenostyle (Figs 24, 26) (0.067 / 0.050 mm), subcylindrical at the base, with lateral pore; distal margin at 41 % of tarsal length. Claws hooked, smooth, without dentition or lateral pegs (Figs 19, 21, 23, 25). Spermatopositor (Figs 28–30) short, typical of sironids, smooth, measuring 0.272 / 0.144 mm; movable fingers 0.015 mm long, slightly curved outwards, ending as hooks (Fig. 28, see arrow; nearly straight and one behind the other), shorter than the membranous median lobe; microtrichial formula: 3, 14, 6 + 6 (n = 1). Gonopore complex not observed. Ovipositor (Figs 31–32) 1.37 mm long, typical of Siro (see Juberthie 1967 a), composed of two apical lobes and 31 circular articles (n = 1), each with 8 short setae equal in length; these setae slightly longer on the 2 nd and 3 rd subterminal articles, and about three times longer on the terminal circular article; most-basal article without setae. Apical lobes each with a long terminal seta and 12–13 setae slightly increasing in length towards the tip; sensitive processes with 2–3 branches carrying 5–6 simple and 2–3 bifurcate setae. Receptaculum seminis in proximal half of apical lobe, elongated, consisting of two sacs. The largest of several eggs: 0.58 mm long, 0.45 mm wide. Variation: Range of body length: Males (n = 5), and females (n = 4) in parentheses: 2.20–2.29 (2.40–2.61). Distribution and ecology: So far this species has been found in two localities in northeastern Slovenia (Fig. 1). In 1984, four S. crassus sp. n. and four C. duricorius (TN 311 / 2002) specimens were collected, found syntopically within 20–30 cm deep, wet, undecomposed leaf litter of European beech (Fagus sylvatica Linnaeus, 1753) covering a shallow natural ditch with trickling water. In 2005, a dozen of microhabitat types were systematically investigated at the type locality, and four further specimens of S. crassus sp. n. were found, but only in deep solid humic soil (color according to Munsell’s Color Charts (2000): 10 YR 1 / 1) near beech roots. Sex ratio: So far 5 males and 4 females were found, nearing a 1: 1 sex ratio.Published as part of Novak, Tone & Giribet, Gonzalo, 2006, A new species of Cyphophthalmi (Arachnida, Opiliones, Sironidae) from Eastern Slovenia, pp. 27-42 in Zootaxa 1330 on pages 29-36, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17419
Nemastoma bidentatum subsp. martensi Novak & Novak & Kozel & Schaider & Komposch & Lipovšek & Podlesnik & Paušič & Raspotnig 2021, ssp. nov.
No full textNemastoma bidentatum martensi ssp. nov. × N. bidentatum schmidti ssp. nov. Figs 3, 9O Nemastoma (Stridulostoma) seliskari Hadži, 1973a: 48, figs 33c, 37a−e. Nemastoma bidentatum bidentatum – Martens 1978: 107 [partim: Nemastoma (Stridulostoma) seliskari Hadži, 1973]. Nemastoma bidentatum bidentatum × N. bidentatum sparsum – Novak & Gruber 2000: 286 [partim: Novo mesto, Mt. Mirna gora]. Nemastoma bidentatum pluridentatum – Schönhofer 2013: 36 [partim: Nemastoma (Stridulostoma) seliskari Hadži, 1973, and Nemastoma seliskari Hadži, 1973]. Diagnosis Typical male hybrids with Ch basal article with large hump in front of dorsal indentation, Ch-Apo with knee-like frontal flexion and narrowly drawn out upper portion, Pa-Fe club-shaped, but thinner than in N. b. schmidti ssp. nov., with four simple, equidistant ventral spines in distal Pa-Fe half, and Pa-Ti with minute hump. Material examined SLOVENIA – VL15 • 1 ♂; Prelože pri Lokvi; 27 Sep. 2011; L. Slana Novak and T. Novak leg. (310/2011); PMSL. – VL35 • 3 ♂♂, 5 ♀♀; Ribnica – Ostrožno Brdo; 27 Sep. 2011; L. Slana Novak and T. Novak leg. (324/2011, rev. 2015); PMSL. – VL53 • 1 ♂; Zabiče; 27 Sep. 2011; L. Slana Novak and T. Novak leg. (301/2011, rev. 2015); PMSL. – WL05 • 1 ♂; Mt. Mirna gora; 28 Jul. 1948; A. Seliškar leg; PMSL. – WL17 • 1 ♂; Novo Mesto; Karaman leg. (107/1983 microscopic preparation, JH det., TN rev. 2017); PMSL. Remarks In Hadži’s original preparation, labelled “ Nemastoma bidentatum Roewer pulli”, with two cover glasses on the same microscope slide, there are two males and a female. One male corresponds to the type specimen of Nemastoma (Stridulostoma) seliskari Hadži, 1973 (Hadži 1973a). For this species, Hadži (ibid.) founded a new subgenus Stridulostoma based on the existence of an alleged “stridulatory organ” on the Fe III (Hadži 1973a: figs 37č–d). Gruber (1976: 797) explained that the stridulatory organ alone does not justify establishing of a new subgenus, especially because this new species differs from N. (Lugubrostoma) triste pluridentatum Hadži, 1973 exclusively by possession of this organ, and accordingly, synonymized Stridulostoma with Nemastoma. Following these remarks, Schönhofer (2013: 36) synonymized N. seliskari with N. b. pluridentatum. We found that the portion of the Fe III, identified by Hadži (1973a) as a stridulatory organ in the type specimen, is in fact a depression-damage, caused by desiccation. Moreover, such damage is present in nearly all (sic!) the other femora of this freshly moulted specimen, but nothing resembles the fine lamellated structure shown in Hadži’s drawing (1973a: figs 37č–d). No similar structure was found in the specimens of Nemastoma collected later on Mt. Mirna gora. One might imagine that a careless inspection under a microscope at low magnification could result in the illusion of a ʻstridulatory organʼ. However, the drawing of its lamellae cannot be considered anything but a pure fabrication. Moreover, Pa-Fe in Hadži (1973a: fig. 33c), being under the same cover glass in the preparation, belongs to the same specimen, although Hadži (ibid.) ascribed it to N. (Lugubrostoma) triste pluridentatum. See remark under N. pluridentatum stat. nov.Published as part of Novak, Tone, Novak, Ljuba Slana, Kozel, Peter, Schaider, Miriam Gudrun, Komposch, Christian, Lipovšek, Saška, Podlesnik, Jan, Paušič, Igor & Raspotnig, Günther, 2021, Hidden diversity within the Nemastoma bidentatum Roewer, 1914 complex (Opiliones: Nemastomatidae) Part I: Morphological evidence, pp. 1-67 in European Journal of Taxonomy 777 on pages 45-46, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.777.1561, http://zenodo.org/record/563711
FIGURE 3 in A new species of Cyphophthalmi (Arachnida, Opiliones, Sironidae) from Eastern Slovenia
No full textFIGURE 3. Siro crassus sp. n., female paratype MCZ 68553 and MCZ DNA101802: A, dorsal view; B, ventral view; C, lateral view.Published as part of Novak, Tone & Giribet, Gonzalo, 2006, A new species of Cyphophthalmi (Arachnida, Opiliones, Sironidae) from Eastern Slovenia, pp. 27-42 in Zootaxa 1330 on page 31, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.17419
FIGURE 1 in A review of harvestmen (Arachnida: Opiliones) in Slovenia*
No full textFIGURE 1. Detailed zoogeographical division of Slovenia, resulting on some groups of edaphic animals, according to Mršić (1997). Regions (Subregions): Submediterranean (1 SubmediterraneanPublished as part of <i>Novak, Tone, Delakorda, Saša Lipovšek & Novak, Ljuba Slana, 2006, A review of harvestmen (Arachnida: Opiliones) in Slovenia*, pp. 267-276 in Zootaxa 1325 (1)</i> on page 272, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.1325.1.17, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/10087617">http://zenodo.org/record/10087617</a>
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