1,720,983 research outputs found
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Police Officer Wellness: Associated Factors and the Development and Evaluation of a Training Program
Get PDFLaw enforcement officers are routinely exposed to stressful events and work strains that can have detrimental effects on their personal health and job performance. Three mixed-methods studies were conducted to further understanding of stress and wellness issues among police officers and to augment their training in police-community relations. Study 1 utilized a cross-sectional survey to assess the prevalence and correlates of wellness issues among a large police department’s uniformed officers and civilian employees. Focal attention was given to perceived organizational support and perceived community support as moderators of the relationship between work stress and wellbeing. Studies 2 and 3 involved the design, implementation, and evaluation of an innovative 40-hour procedural justice and officer wellness training program. Using a waitlist-control comparison group, 42 patrol officers were randomly assigned to either the training or a waitlist condition. The training program was developed by a team of police officers and university researchers, under the auspices of the police department’s Chief of Police and command staff. Study 2 assessed the acceptability and uptake of the training by attending officers, with in-person assessments throughout training. Study 3 involved repeated measures questionnaires to evaluate the immediate (post-training) and follow-up (4-month) efficacy of the training program, assessing multiple wellness and procedural justice criteria. Results from Study 1 highlight the importance of organizational support as a moderator of the work stress-wellness relation. While the training was deemed valuable by its participants in Study 2, evidence regarding its effectiveness in improving wellness is severely limited due to low participation in the Study 3 assessments. Information gleaned from the project can serve to inform conceptualizations of officer wellness, future officer wellness interventions, and future training evaluation research in the context of policing
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Ethnic Differences in the Predictors of Intimate Partner Violence
Get PDFThe proposed study aimed to identify ethnic differences in how witnessing parental violence, masculine gender role strain (MGRS), and anger disposition are associated with the perpetration of male-to-female intimate partner violence (IPV). A conditional process model to account for the intergenerational transmission of IPV through MGRS (mediator) is tested. A multicultural convenience sample of 225 Asian American, Latino American, and White men from a diverse university in southern California completed the online “Men’s Experiences Survey.” Results indicated that witnessing parental violence was a significant predictor of IPV in Asian men, but not among those of other ethnicities. Anger disposition was a significant predictor of IPV for Latino men, but not others when adjusting for covariates. No significant predictors emerged for the White sample. Anger disposition emerged as a significant moderator for the conditional process model of the intergenerational transmission of IPV, but no support was found for mediation in the model. Implications of the study’s findings, limitations related to measured levels of IPV in this sample, and future directions for similar lines of research are discussed
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Rumination, Revenge, and Forgiveness: Associations with Aggression and Life Satisfaction
Get PDFAnger is a strong driver of aggressive behavior. Rumination about anger experiences disrupts recovery to a less angry state and increases the likelihood of aggression. Whether rumination contributes to aggressive behavior beyond its influence on angry affect is unclear. Various measures of anger rumination contain revenge planning as a theme, the relevance of which has received insufficient attention in accounting for aggressive behavior. This study separately analyzed revenge planning from anger rumination that did not contain elements of revenge. Anger rumination (without revenge) was not significantly associated with self-reported physical or verbal aggression, while revenge planning was positively associated, controlling for gender and anger disposition. In contrast, anger rumination, but not revenge planning, was inversely related to life satisfaction, controlling for subjective social status, anxiety, depression, and anger disposition. The disposition to forgive oneself and others are also examined as explanatory variables inversely related to rumination and vengeance seeking. The relevance of these findings for violence risk assessment, anger treatment, and future research on anger rumination are discussed
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Violence Risk: Anger Rumination’s Association with Pre- and Post-Hospitalization Violence
Get PDFAnger rumination has not been well examined with regard to violence risk. It is a common sequel to anger experiences, and it likely facilitates imagined violence; however, no previous study has examined that interrelationship. The current study investigates anger rumination as a possible mechanism through which anger is related to violent behavior in a secondary analysis of data from the MacArthur Violence Risk study, which was conducted with 1,136 civil commitment patients, before and after hospital discharge. Anger proclivity was assessed via BPRS hostility, anger rumination was measured using items of the Novaco Anger Scale, and imagined violence was measured with the Schedule of Imagined Violence. Violence, pre-hospitalization and post-hospitalization, was indexed by the MacArthur project measure. Correlational analyses, mediation analyses, and moderated mediation analyses were conducted. Anger rumination significantly predicted pre- and post-hospitalization violence, when controlling for age, sex, race, child abuse, and anger proclivity, and partially mediated the relation between anger proclivity and violence. Imagined violence and anger rumination were also highly inter-related. When imagined violence was added to the model, it was a significant predictor of pre-hospitalization violence, however, it did not moderate the association of anger rumination with pre- or post-hospitalization violence. Anger rumination may be a mechanism through which anger incites violent behavior. Future research should investigate the association between anger rumination and imagined violence, with attention given to revenge planning as a link
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Automobile Driving and Aggressive Behavior
Get PDFAutomobile driving and aggressive behavior have had an extensive association. Themes of dominance and territoriality have long been part of automobile driving, which has also involved flagrant assaultive actions. Recent episodes of roadway violence in metropolitan areas have raised community concern about aggressive behavior in driving, although common beliefs about why such violence occurs can be seen as pseudoexplanations. Various themes in the psychology of aggression are presented as they pertain to automobile driving. Convergent factors in contemporary urban life that influence roadway aggression are discussed, and it is asserted that such behavior is more prevalent than commonly recognized
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Aggression on Roadways
Get PDFAggression and the automobile have had a long standing association, yet research on aggressive behavior has neglected the roadway context. This chapter reviews exisdng work which has included archival analysis, field interview studies, personality research, and field experiments. Among the recurrent themes have been the relationship between aggressivity in driving to accident liability and to violence in the larger social context.. Validity issues in road aggression research are discussed, and a typology of roadway aggression is presented. The typology maps a range of contemporary forms, most of which have never been invesngated scientifically and have received sparse academic attention otherwise, despite having high soCial and scientific relevance. Disinhibiting influences that heighten the probability of roadway aggression are discussed
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Automobile Driving and Aggressive Behavior: Effects of Multiple Disinhibitory Influences
Get PDFAutomobiles and aggressive behavior have an extensive association, ranging from themes of dominance and territoriality to flagrant assaultive actions. A broad range of aggressive behaviors in the context of driving can be understood in terms of the disinhibition of aggression through multiple influence channels. The paper discusses the disinhibitory factors of physiological arousal, traffic context, cognitive scripts, and contagion mechanisms. Some results of two preliminary surveys concerning roadway aggression (victimization and perpetration) are presented which suggest that such occurrences are more prevalent than commonly acknowledged. 
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Commuter Stress
Get PDFEveryone knows that being stuck in traffic is stressful, and few look forward to long commutes on congested roadways. But the negative effects of traffic congestion go beyond frustration and fatigue. Our research at UC Irvine since the late 1970s has discovered adverse health impacts of what we call "high impedance" commuting
Traffic and Transport Psychology: Theory and Application, Talib Rothengatter, Enrique Carbonell Vaya (Eds.); Elsevier Science, Ltd., The Boulevard, Langford Lane, Kidlington, Oxford 0X5 1GB, UK, 1997, 489 pp. + xiv, ISBN 0-08-042786-3, (Available in North America from Elsevier Science, Inc., 660 White Plains Road, Tarrytown, NY 10591-5153, USA.) US$105.50. http://www.elsevier.com
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