1,265 research outputs found
Evaluative conditioning of conflict aversiveness and its effects on adaptive control
No full textData and code accompanying the paper "Evaluative conditioning of conflict aversiveness and its effects on adaptive control" by Ivan I. Ivanchei, Senne Braem, Luc Vermeylen, and Wim Notebaert published in "Motivation and Emotion
Evaluative conditioning of conflict aversiveness and its effects on adaptive control
No full textData and code accompanying the paper "Evaluative conditioning of conflict aversiveness and its effects on adaptive control" by Ivan I. Ivanchei, Senne Braem, Luc Vermeylen, and Wim Notebaert published in "Motivation and Emotion
Orienting to errors with and without immediate feedback
No full textA slow-down in reaction time (RT) after committing an error is a well-known effect. Recently, Notebaert and colleagues (Notebaert et al., 2009; Núñez Castellar, Kuhn, Fias, & Notebaert, 2010) suggested that posterror slowing is a reaction to the infrequent nature of errors. After infrequent errors, posterror slowing was observed but after infrequent correct trials, postcorrect slowing was observed. These data were obtained in a paradigm with trial-by-trial feedback. In this study we tested whether posterror slowing was similar with and without immediate feedback. We manipulated the overall accuracy parametrically per condition (50%, 70%, and 90% accuracy) and predicted an increase in posterror slowing as the accuracy increased. This linear effect was observed with and without immediate feedback. The data are interpreted in terms of an orienting response towards unexpected events
Conflict adaptation by means of associative learning
No full textCognitive control is responsible for adapting information processing in order to carry out tasks more efficiently. Contrasting global versus local control accounts, it has recently been proposed that control operates in an associative fashion, that is, by binding stimulus–response associations after detection of conflict (Verguts & Notebaert, 2009). Here, this prediction is explicitly tested for the first time. In a task-switching study where both tasks use the same relevant information, we previously reported conflict adaptation over tasks (Notebaert & Verguts, 2008). In the current experiment, we demonstrate that this is restricted to conditions where both tasks use the same effectors, thereby supporting the associative control account
A sequential analysis of relevant and irrelevant information in the Stroop task
No full textThe effect of repeating relevant (colour) and irrelevant (word) stimulus information is investigated in two Stroop tasks. Thomas (1977) observed that the Stroop effect is reduced when the irrelevant word is repeated from trial n-1 to trial n. A similar effect was observed in the Simon task (Notebaert, Soetens, & Melis, 2001; Notebaert & Soetens, 2003a). MacLeod (1991) interprets this effect as sustained suppression and relates it to negative priming. In this paper we investigate whether the reduced Stroop effect for word repetitions is indeed related to the negative priming effect. In Experiment I with a response-stimulus interval (RSI) of 50 ms, the Stroop effect is not influenced by the sequence of the word and there is no negative priming effect. In Experiment 2 with an RSI of 200 ms, the Stroop effect is reduced for word repetitions but there is still no negative priming effect. This does not support the sustained-suppression hypothesis. The reduced Stroop effect for word repetitions is explained in terms of response priming
Strategy changes after errors improve performance
No full textThe observation that performance does not improve following errors contradicts the traditional view on error monitoring (Fiehler, Ullsperger, & von Cramon, 2005; Notebaert & Verguts, 2011; Núñez Castellar, Kühn, Fias, & Notebaert, 2010). However, recent findings suggest that typical laboratory tasks provided us with a narrow window on error monitoring (Desmet et al., 2012; Jentzsch & Dudschig, 2009). In this study we investigated strategy-use after errors in a mental arithmetic task. In line with our hypothesis, this more complex task did show increased performance after errors. More specifically, switching to a different strategy after an error resulted in improved performance, while repeating the same strategy resulted in worse performance. These results show that in more ecological valid tasks, post-error behavioural improvement can be observed
Behavioural and electrophysiological support for decreased visual processing following errors
No full textThe development of holistic face processing: an evaluation with the complete design of the composite task
No full textThe composite paradigm is widely used to quantify holistic processing (HP) of faces: participants perform a se- quential same-different task on one half (e.g., top) of a test-face relative to the corresponding half of a study-face. There is, however, debate regarding the appropriate design in this task. In the partial design, the irrelevant halves (e.g., bottom) of test- and study-faces are always different; an alignment effect indexes HP. In the complete design, besides alignment, congruency between the irrelevant and critical halves of the test-face is manipulated regarding the same/different response status of the study-face. The HP indexed in the complete design does not confound congruency and alignment and has good construct and convergent validities. De Heering, Houthuys, & Rossion (2007) argued that HP is mature as early as 4-year-olds but employed the partial design. Here we revisit this claim, testing four groups of 4- to 9/10 year-old children and two groups of adults. We found evidence of HP only from 6-year-olds on when considering the complete design, whereas significant alignment effects were found in the index adopted in the partial design already in 4-year-olds but which we demonstrate that reflects other factors besides HP, including response bias associated with congruency
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