1,721,237 research outputs found
Prospective associations between later eating rhythm and obesity in school-age children from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC)
No full textPurpose: Later eating rhythm (LER), termed night eating in adult studies, refers to a later timing, greater energy intake (EI), and higher meal frequency in children in the evening. The role of eating later in obesity development is emerging, but most evidence is cross-sectional, considers just one feature of LER and is rarely studied in children. Therefore, we investigated associations of LER at age 7 with adiposity over 2 years of follow-up. Methods: A total of 4029 children aged 7 years with complete 3-day food diaries from the ongoing UK birth cohort (ALSPAC) were included. Diaries recorded the exact time of, and energy consumed in each eating occasion (EO). An individual EO was separated by the unique time of food intake. Bedtime was parent-reported via questionnaire. “Last mealtime” was the time of the last reported EO; “Eating before bedtime” was the percentage of total energy intake (%TEI) consumed within 2 hours before bedtime; “Eating frequency” was the counts of EOs for 5pm-12am; all variables were averaged over 3 days. Outcomes (body mass index (BMI); overweight/obesity) were assessed at 9 years. Multiple linear and logistic regression was used for estimating the association between LER and each outcome. Interaction analysis was used to assess gender differences. Adjustment was made for age, gender, ethnicity, parental education, maternal age, TV watching and parental late eating. Results: Average last mealtime was 7.10pm (SD 56mins), boys ate 6.0 mins (SE 1.8 mins) later than girls (p=0.001). Children consumed 17.2% (SD 11.9%) of TEI before bedtime with no gender differences (p=0.858). Average eating frequency was 2.3 (SD 0.9) EOs, 2.4 in boys vs. 2.2 in girls (pConclusions: We observed that the timing and EI, but not frequency, of later eating occasions was prospectively associated with obesity in children. Therefore, LER should be considered when developing dietary guidelines in children
Causal effects of later-eating rhythm on adiposity in children through the comparison of two cohorts in the UK and China: a cross-cohort study
No full textBackground: later-eating rhythm (LER) refers to a later timing, greater energy intake, and higher meal frequency in the evening. The role of childhood LER in obesity development is emerging, but most evidence is cross-sectional. Cross-context comparison allows the improvement of causal inference in observational studies by comparing cohorts with different confounding structures. This method is applied to assess the causal effects of LER on adiposity, by exploring the likelihood of residual confounding due to socioeconomic status.Methods: in this cross-cohort analysis, we used ongoing birth cohort data from the UK Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) established in 1991, and the nationally representative China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS) collected in 1989–2011. Children with available data at age 7 years were eligible. We applied indices of inequality for assessing confounding structure by regressing LER/adiposity on the standardised score of socioeconomic status (SES) in each cohort. We used multivariable linear and binary logistic regressions to model cross-sectional and prospective associations between LER at 7 years of age and body-mass index (BMI) at ages 7 and 9 years in both cohorts. Analyses were adjusted by age, sex, ethnicity, residency, and socioeconomic status. We used a p value for the Cochrane Q-test obtained from meta-analysis to test for heterogeneity between cohorts.Findings: we analysed data from 4019 children (2170 [54·0%] female; 1849 [46.0%] male) in ALSPAC and 1749 (788 [45·1%] female; 961 [54.9%] male) in CHNS. The associations between SES and LER or adiposity differed between ALSPAC and CHNS (SES and energy intake for evening main meal: b=1·81 [95% CI 0·81 to 2·81] vs –3·02 [–4·76 to –1·27]; SES and frequency of evening snacks: odds ratio [OR]=0·51 [95% CI 0·41–0·63] vs 5·71 [3·54–9·22]; SES and BMI: b=–0·42 [–0·65 to –0·18] vs 1·29 [0·75 to 1·84]). Positive associations between frequency of evening snacks and BMI were seen in both cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses in both cohorts (mean change of BMI with 1 day increase of consuming evening snacks b=0·09 [0·02 to 0·15]; 0·13 [0·03 to 0·22] kg/m2 per day in ALSPAC, and b=0·11 [–0·07 to 0·28]; 0·30 [0·07 to 0·52] kg/m2 per day in CHNS). No associations were found for energy intake. p values for heterogeneity ranged from 0·107 to 0·932.Interpretation: both cohorts showed consistent results despite varied dietary cultures and SES patterning of LER or adiposity. Energy intake in the evening or night was not associated with adiposity, whereas evening snacking was. More recent, high-quality cohorts are warranted to enhance the strength of the conclusions.Funding: none
Prospective association between later eating and obesity in school-age children from the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS)
No full textPurpose: Eating later in the day (dinner and evening snacks) may have a role in the development of obesity. However, most studies are cross-sectional and rarely focus on children in Eastern countries. Therefore, we investigated associations between dinner/evening snacks intake and later obesity in a nationally representative Chinese sample.Methods: A total of 1292 children participating in the ongoing open cohort (CHNS) from 1997 to 2011, with complete 24-hour dietary recall for three consecutive days at 7-8 years and anthropometric data over 2-4 years of follow-up, were included. Dietary recalls recorded food names and size (grams) for each meal or snack consumed. Chinese food composition tables were used to capture energy intake (kcal). “Dinner/evening snack size” was the percentage of total energy intake (%TEI) for dinner or evening snack. “Dinner/evening snack frequency” was the total number of dinners or evening snack over 3 days (0-3 dinners, 0-3 evening snacks). Outcomes (body mass index (BMI); overweight/obesity) were assessed at 10.5 years. Multiple linear and logistic regression was used for estimating the association between later eating and each outcome. Interaction analysis was used to assess gender differences. Adjustment was made for age, gender, residency, parental education, maternal age, physical activity, maternal BMI, snack frequency, TEI and baseline BMI.Results: Children had 36.0% (SD 9.4%) and 2.1% (SD 5.8%) of TEI for dinner and evening snacks respectively. Average dinner frequency was 3.0 (SD 0.2) times over 3 days, and 98% of children ate dinner every day; average evening snack frequency was 0.3 (SD 0.8) times over 3 days, only 6% of children ate evening snacks on all 3 days, 10% ate them once or twice, and 84% did not have any. Having evening snacks was associated with higher outcomes (BMI: b (95%CI) =0.50 (0.18 0.83) kg/m2 per time/3 days; overweight/obesity: OR (95%CI) =1.74 (1.19 2.55) per time/3 days). No other associations or interactions were found.Conclusions: We observed that consuming evening snacks, but not dinner, were prospectively associated with obesity. Therefore, it is worth considering later eating behaviours in preventing obesity in children in Eastern countries
The impact of later eating rhythm on childhood adiposity: protocol for a systematic review
Full text linkBackgroundChildhood adiposity has increased dramatically in the last few decades and is an important predictor of adulthood chronic disease. Later eating rhythm, termed night eating (NE), is increasingly prevalent in adults; however, the prevalence of NE in children and relationship between NE and adiposity in children still remains uncertain. The aim of this work is to review the association between adiposity in children and adolescents and NE, in terms of calorie intake, timing and meal frequency in the evening/night.MethodsThe Cochrane library, CINAHL, Embase, MEDLINE (via OVID) and Web of Science databases will be searched from inception to November 2019 for randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and observational studies (cohort, cross-sectional and case-control studies) which investigate the association between later vs. earlier timing of food intake at night or relatively more vs. less energy intake in any eating occasions or time period after 4 pm on adiposity in children and adolescents (4–18 years). The outcomes will be body mass index (BMI)/BMI standard deviation score (BMI-SDS or BMI Z-score), waist circumference (WC), fat mass index (FMI)/percentage of body fat (%BF) or waist to hip ratio (WHR). No language restriction will be applied. Screening for eligibility from the title and abstracts and data extraction from the full texts will be carried out by two reviewers independently. References listed in the included studies will be hand-searched for any additional articles. The quality of included RCT studies will be assessed using Revised Cochrane Risk of Bias tool (RoB 2), and of observational studies using Newcastle Ottawa scale. A qualitative synthesis of the results will be presented, and meta-analysis will be conducted, where appropriate.DiscussionThe planned systematic review will investigate the association between later eating rhythm and adiposity in children and adolescents. Understanding the best meal size, timing of energy intake and meal frequency across the evening time for maintaining healthy weight in children is important in order to give parents the best advice to help prevent adulthood obesity and associated chronic diseases in their children.Systematic review registrationPROSPERO CRD42019134187
The association between later eating rhythm and adiposity in children and adolescents:a systematic review and meta-analysis
Full text linkContextChildhood adiposity, an important predictor of adult chronic disease, has been rising dramatically. Later eating rhythm, termed night eating (NE), is increasing in adults, but rarely studied in younger ages.ObjectiveTo review the association between later eating rhythm and adiposity in children and adolescents, in terms of energy intake (EI) (EI for evening main meal, evening snack, whole evening period and around bedtime); timing (any food eaten at later timing); and meal frequency (evening main meal skipping, evening snack consumption) in the evening/night. Data Sources and Data ExtractionFive databases were searched; data extraction and quality assessment were conducted by two reviewers independently.ResultsForty-seven studies were included, all of which were observational. Meta-analysis showed positive associations between both higher energy intake around bedtime (odds ratio (OR) 1.19, 95%CI 1.06, 1.33) and evening main meal skipping (OR 1.30, 95%CI 1.14, 1.48), and adiposity. There was very weak evidence to suggest that consuming evening snacks reduced adiposity (OR 0.80, 95%CI 0.62, 1.05). No association was seen with eating later (OR 1.04, 95%CI 0.68, 1.61). In the narrative analysis, around half of studies suggested no association between later eating rhythm and adiposity as a whole or within exposure subsets.ConclusionsThe magnitude of the relationship between later eating rhythm and adiposity is very small and results may vary according to different aspects of later eating rhythm, however, the evidence is of very low certainty. Further research with a more consistent definition of ‘later timing’ and longitudinal studies in different populations are very likely to have an important impact on our confidence in the estimate of effect, and may change the results.Systematic Review RegistrationPROSPERO registration number CRD42019134187<br/
Maternal dietary antioxidant intake in pregnancy and childhood respiratory and atopic outcomes:birth cohort study
Full text linkEvidence for a possible protective effect of maternal dietary antioxidant intake during pregnancy on childhood asthma and other atopic outcomes is conflicting, and associations with childhood lung function have been little studied. In the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children, we analysed associations between maternal intake of fruits, vegetables, vitamins C and E, carotene, zinc, and selenium in pregnancy, and current doctor-diagnosed asthma, atopy, and lung function in 8,915 children at 7-9 years. Potential modification of associations by maternal smoking and common maternal antioxidant gene polymorphisms was explored to strengthen causal inference. After controlling for confounders, positive associations were observed between maternal intake of zinc and childhood forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1), and forced vital capacity (FVC) (difference in age, height and gender adjusted standard deviation units per quartile increase in maternal dietary zinc intake β (95% CI): 0.05 (0.01,0.08), p-trend=0.01 and 0.05 (0.02,0.09), p-trend=0.005, respectively). Weak evidence was found for an interaction between maternal zinc intake andmaternal GSTM1 genotype on childhood FVC (p-interaction=0.05); association among the GSTM1 null group β: 0.11 (0.05,0.17), p-trend=0.001. Our results suggest that a higher maternal intake of zinc during pregnancy may be associated with better lung function in the offspring
The FRAXA and FRAXE allele repeat size of boys from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC)
Full text linkThe FRAXA and FRAXE alleles of the FMR1 and FMR2 genes located on the X chromosome contain varying numbers of trinucleotide repeats. Large numbers of repeats at FRAXA (full mutations) manifest as Fragile X syndrome, associated with mental impairment that affects males more severely. In this paper, we present the dataset of frequencies of FRAXA and FRAXE repeat size extracted from DNA samples collected from boys enrolled in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC). DNA data were extracted from samples collected in ALSPAC clinics from several types of samples: cord blood, venepuncture blood taken at 43 months, 61 months, seven years or nine years. The DNA was amplified at FRAXA and FRAXE using fluorescent PCR in the Wessex Regional Genetics Laboratory, Salisbury District Hospital. The mean repeat size for FRAXA is 28.92 (S.D. 5.44), the median 30 and the range 8 to 68. There were particularly high numbers of boys with repeat sizes of 20 (10.67%) and 23 (7.35%). The mean repeat size for FRAXE is 17.41 (S.D. 3.94), with median of 16 and range of 0 to 61. There is a relatively high degree of variation of the FRAXA repeat size particularly and we suggest the extensive data available from the ALSPAC study opens up areas of research into understanding phenotypes associated with relatively unexplored repeat sizes. This could be particularly interesting for the lower repeat sizes occurring with high frequency at FRAXA in this population. As the data can be linked to exposures and phenotypes, it will provide a resource for researchers worldwide
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