123 research outputs found
Emile Zile : five production company logos in 3D.
No full textCatalogue essay by Philip Brophy.
Published to accompany the exhibition held at Dianne Tanzer Gallery + Projects, Fitzroy, Vic., 2-13 April, 2011
Characterization of the anti-type I interferon effects of the cellular flice-like inhibitory protein (CFLIP)
No full textThe cellular FLICE-like inhibitory protein (cFLIP) is well known as a major immunomodulatory protein. Various works have described its role in major cellular pathways such as apoptosis, autophagy, necroptosis, NF-KB regulation and more recently, modulation of interferon responses. Interferon alpha (IFNa) and interferon beta (IFNb) are in the class of type I IFN and are critical as the first line of defense against viral infection. Interestingly, these IFNs also maintain roles apart from viral infection including participating in the pathophysiology of tumor biology and autoimmunity.
Previous studies found that cFLIPL could inhibit IFNb production. My work demonstrated that this was by inhibiting the major transcription factor for IFNb expression, interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3). Mutational analysis revealed that the CLD within the C-terminus of cFLIPL is responsible for inhibiting IRF3-CBP-DNA interactions. Further, when cFLIPL was knocked down in various tumor cell lines, levels of tumor protective interferon stimulated genes (ISGs) increased, suggesting cFLIPL may contribute to tumorigenesis by way of inhibiting IRF3.
In addition, cFLIPL also inhibited IFNa production by inhibiting the transcription factor, IRF7. In this case, the CLD of cFLIPL was dispensable to inhibit IFNa production; an alternative shorter isoform, cFLIPS, which lacks the CLD, also inhibited IRF7-induced IFNa expression. IRF7 phosphorylation was greatly reduced in cells expressing cFLIPL and cFLIPS. I hypothesized cFLIP targeted the IKK kinase. In support of this hypothesis, I found that cFLIPL co-IPs with IKa and IKKa-IRF7 interactions were disrupted in the presence of cFLIPL. These interactions were confirmed in a pDC-like cell line overexpressing cFLIP, suggesting that the mechanism by which cFLIP inhibits IFN production is physiologically relevant.
Taken together, these data suggest that cFLIP is a major regulator of type I IFNs. It is of major clinical interest to regard the regulation of type I IFN expression by cFLIP when considering the pathophysiology behind diseases like cancer and autoimmunity.Submission published under a 24 month embargo labeled 'U of I Access', the embargo will last until 2020-08-01The student, Lauren Gates-Tanzer, accepted the attached license on 2018-07-10 at 14:24.The student, Lauren Gates-Tanzer, submitted this Dissertation for approval on 2018-07-10 at 14:35.This Dissertation was approved for publication on 2018-07-11 at 11:08.DSpace SAF Submission Ingestion Package generated from Vireo submission #12800 on 2018-09-27 at 11:18:45Made available in DSpace on 2018-09-27T16:30:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 3
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Previous issue date: 2018-07-11Embargo set by: Seth Robbins for item 107794
Lift date: 2020-09-27T16:30:34Z
Reason: Author requested U of Illinois access only (OA after 2yrs) in Vireo ETD systemEmbargo set by: Seth Robbins for item 107794
Lift date: 2020-09-27T16:31:43Z
Reason: Author requested U of Illinois access only (OA after 2yrs) in Vireo ETD systemEmbargo set by: Seth Robbins for item 107794
Lift date: 2020-09-27T16:34:29Z
Reason: Author requested U of Illinois access only (OA after 2yrs) in Vireo ETD systemU of I Only Restriction Lifted for Item 107794 on 2020-09-28T09:15:16Z
Negative Emissions in the Industrial Sector
No full textPreventing the worst impacts from the ongoing climate crises requires rapid and dramatic reduction of anthropogenic emissions of greenhouse gases to “net zero”. However, it is highly likely that we will also need to remove greenhouse gases from the atmosphere to compensate for residual and/or historic emissions. In particular, the industrial sector is expected to be a source of residual emissions of carbon dioxide due to production technologies that are difficult to electricity, or that produce carbon dioxide as part of a non-energy chemical conversion process, or that produce products that result in carbon dioxide emissions during use or end-of-life.This dissertation explores under what conditions could the integration of so called “negative emission technologies”, such as bioenergy with carbon capture and storage (bioCCS), allow for industries to achieve or exceed carbon neutrality within the system of production, rather than needing compensation elsewhere in society. To do so, this dissertation first defines the criteria necessary for negative emissions technologies to result in the net reduction in atmospheric greenhouse gases, then provides an overview of existing research of bioCCS-in-industry and identifies the main trends in why bioCCS may be useful in specific sectors, and then investigates specific configurations of negative emission technologies in industry, including bioCCS in the steel, cement, and chemical sectors, as well as the potential of natural and accelerated mineralization in concrete production. The primary methodological focus thesis is the comparative modeling of possible technological configurations with life cycle accounting of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gas emissions, and also includes the review and synthesis of existing literature, as well as a technoeconomic case study.Negative emission technologies such as bioCCS may be particularly useful in decarbonizing sectors where a substantial amount of carbon dioxide is unavoidably produced during industrial production, such as via the calcination of limestone in cement or the fermentation of ethanol; where the process is already biogenic, such as for paper and bioethanol; where it can be retrofitted into existing infrastructure that cannot be quickly replaced, such as for steel and cement; or where the product itself emits carbon dioxide in a difficult-to-capture way, such as in ethanol or urea production. However, using bioCCS to allow for “carbon neutral” or “carbon negative” production is non-trivial, as it requires ensuring that the greenhouse gas emissions in the supply chains of biomass production and logistics; industrial feedstocks, production and use; and carbon capture, transport, and permanent storage do not exceed the amount of carbon dioxide that is removed from the atmosphere and permanently stored, all of which can be obscured by overly narrow system boundary choices. Other issues of industrial negative emission technologies discussed in this thesis include asynchrony of carbon emissions and removals; the role of non-CO₂ greenhouse gases; the carbon and resource intensity of the technologies; and mismatches in the system boundaries used for life cycle assessment and cost assessment of industrial negative emission technologies.Energie and Industri
Plant + Boom = Boat + Vroom: A comparative technoeconomic and environmental assessment of marine biofuel production in Brazil and Scandinavia using residual lignocellulosic biomass and thermochemical conversion technologies
No full textThis thesis compares the performance of hypothetical biorefineries in Brazil and Scandinavia that produce biofuel for use in large marine vessels using one of three thermochemical technologies—hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL), fast pyrolysis with hydrodeoxygenation (FP), and gasification with Fischer-Tropsch synthesis (GFT)—and one of ten lignocellulosic residues from forestry and agriculture. The biorefineries were modeled using black-box mass balances for biofuel production and electricity and heat cogeneration. The results of this model, along with local costs factors, were used to estimate the economic performance of biorefineries in each country where each feedstock is available. Estimates of capital expenses, operating expenses, and annual earnings were used to calculate the minimum selling price of the biofuel, which is used as an indicator of economic performance. The environmental performance of each combination was estimated using the indicators of life cycle greenhouse gas emissions, sulfur dioxide emissions, nitrogen oxide emissions, and non-renewable energy use. The economic and environmental indicators for each feedstock-technology-country combination are compared to each other and also compared to reference values for other marine emission-reducing technologies, including liquid natural gas, emission scrubbers, and soy biodiesel. The results are subject to sensitivity analysis to determine the influence of uncertainty of capital costs, feedstock costs, biorefinery scale, biorefinery siting, biorefinery configuration, biofuel yields, biofuel blending, and environmental impact allocation. The biofuels modeled in this study have significantly lower life cycle greenhouse gas and sulfur dioxide emissions and non-renewable energy use than those of heavy fuel oil, but have higher life cycle nitrogen oxide emissions, due to the lower quality of the fuel produced and combusted. Economically, none of the biofuels are competitive with current fossil fuel prices when estimated with the scale and cost factors in this study. The feedstock-technology-country combinations with the lowest minimum biofuel selling price, when considered as a ratio to the current local price of marine gas oil, are the hydrothermal liquefaction of barley straw in Sweden, and the fast pyrolysis of corn stover and rice residues in Brazil. Each of those combinations has a minimum biofuel selling price ratio of 3.2 times that of marine gas oil. Performance trends between technologies and feedstocks are weak, and superior economic performance does not correlate with superior environmental performance.Horizontal International ProjectIndustrial Ecolog
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