330 research outputs found
A cardiopulmonary resuscitation guide for healthcare providers
No full textCardiopulmonary resuscitation or CPR is the term used to describe a series of action that comprises of artificial respiration and chest compressions to patients in cardiorespiratory arrest. It has to be initiated promptly to improve the chance of survival before advanced medical care is available. CPR is an important clinical skill, almost mandatory for every healthcare personnel. The CPR procedure is an essential component of Basic Life Support (BLS) and Advanced Cardiac Life Support (ACLS).
This book covers the important aspects of Basic Life Support (BLS) and serves as a guide to participants of the CPR course. Participants are required to read this book before attending the course. Its main objective is to provide a simple and comprehensive reference to participants of our CPR workshops. It follows the standardised 2010 guideline published by recognised bodies such as The International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation (ILCOR), and the American Heart Association (AHA). We have also incorporated a chapter on Islamic Ethics, in line with the IIICE (Integration, Islamisation, Internationalisation and Comprehensive Excellence) mission of our university.
Essential anesthesiology for healthcare professionals
No full textAnaesthesiology is one of the fields that is poorly understood by the healthcare professional in particular or the public in general. This is the result of it being too specialized or too difficult to comprehend. With current fast growing medical
developments and knowledge, it has become difficult to understand certain concepts in this field. As lecturers and anaesthesiologists, it is our intention to close this gap so that this field is much more interesting to learn. This book is not only focused on the undergraduate students but it can also be used in clinical practice where relevant by medical officer
A cardiopulmonary resuscitation guide for healthcare providers
No full textCardiopulmonary resuscitation or CPR is the term used to describe a series of action that comprises of artificial respiration and chest compressions to patients in cardiorespiratory arrest. It has to be initiated promptly to improve the chance of survival before advanced medical care is available. CPR is an important clinical skill, almost mandatory for every healthcare personnel. The CPR procedure is an essential component of Basic Life Support (BLS) and Advanced Cardiac Life Support (ACLS). This book covers the important aspects of Basic Life Support (BLS) and serves as a guide to participants of the CPR course. Participants are required to read this book before attending the course. Its main objective is to provide a simple and comprehensive reference to participants of our CPR workshops. It has been updated according to the latest 2015 guidelines published by recognised bodies such as The International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation (ILCOR), and the American Heart Association (AHA). We have also incorporated a chapter on Islamic Ethics, in line with the IIICE (Integration, Islamisation, Internationalisation and Comprehensive Excellence) mission of our university
Nutritional management of the critically ill obese patient
No full textOver the last decade, Malaysia has witnessed a steady rise in obesity rate. The overweight and obese now comprise of half its 30 million population. This figure is broken down into 30 percent in the overweight category and 17.7 percent in the obese category, according to the 2015 National Health and Morbidity Survey.1 This is an increase of four times from what was reported in 1996, at 4.4 percent.2 World Health Organization (WHO) definition of obesity is body mass index (BMI) of 30 or more, calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in metres squared.3 As the general population get heavier, the average BMI of ICU admissions have also increased. From the International Nutrition Survey (INS) 2014, the average BMI of critically ill patients admitted to Serdang Hospital was 26 kg/m2 higher than the Asian average at 23.6 kg/m2 . 4 Being obese puts the patients at a greater risk of heart disease, hypertension, stroke, diabetes, sleep apnoea, fatty liver disease, osteoarthritis, and many other serious medical conditions
Paediatric/adolescent stroke
No full textChildhood stroke is not uncommon. Data and research focussing on childhood
stroke remains scarce and needs further study to improve access to health care
and investigations including acute interventions and rehabilitation model.
This chapter covers neonatal and paediatric strokes and outline aetiologies,
investigations and interventions and rehabilitation management. Wide ranges of
pathogenesis brought in this chapter to explain how stroke in neonates and pae
diatric cohorts develop and pathways in managing them
Malaysian Society of Anaesthesiologists Year Book 2013/2014
No full textWe would like to thank the Malaysian Society of Anaesthesiologists (MSA) for the trust given to us as Editors for this 6th edition of MSA Year Book for the year of 2013/2014.
The theme for this edition is mainly related on the management of critically ill patients. The articles contained in this yearbook are a compilation of review articles written by experts covering a diverse range of topics of each system of the body. It is our hope that these articles could update clinicians with the latest evidences in managing critically ill patients as a whole.
We would like to thank all authors and reviewers for their valuable time and effort in writing and reviewing the papers. We hope that this effort could be an impetus for future writings in more esteemed peer-reviewed journals. In addition, we hope this would serve as an avenue in developing the skills of the Society members in writing more scientific papers in the future
Cardiovascular risk assessment and glycaemic control among type-2 diabetes mellitus patients at selected primary care clinics (KK) and diabetic mellitus specialist clinic (hospital-based) in Kuantan
No full textCardiovascular risks assessment and good glycemic control are important for better risk reduction management in preventing and improving CVD outcomes. The Ministry of Health (Malaysia) has carried out tremendous efforts in improving diabetic care in primary and hospital settings.
Therefore, it is imperative to revisit the current situation on cardiovascular disease risk assessment and glycemic control at both hospital-based and primary care clinics.
The study aimed to determine the assessment of CVD risk and glycemic control among T2DM patients at selected two public primary care clinics (PCCs) and one hospital-based diabetic specialist (endocrine) clinic (DMSC) in Kuantan, Pahang state. A prospective comparative study design was applied among 423 T2DM patients who sought treatment – 281 patients at two public PCCs and 153 at hospital DMSC. Data were collected from the face-to-face interview using a
validated pretested questionnaire and patients’ records at the 1st, 6-month, and 12-month visits. A cross-analysis was done to compare the patients’ demographic characteristics, CVD risk factors assessment, and glycemic control between PCCs and DMSC. This study highlighted a higher percentage of Chinese T2DM, and higher education groups attending hospital DMSC compared to PCCs, while Malay and dependents were seen more at the PCCs. A higher percentage of assessment on exercise (82% vs 62%), smoking status (63% vs 48%) and family history of CVD (80% vs 65%); and more referral to a dietician (61% vs 47%) and ophthalmologist (81% vs 61%) were found at the hospital DMSC. On average, the assessment for height, weight, body mass index (BMI), and waist circumference (WC) was 83.9%, 95.9%, 0.7%, and 1.6%, respectively. 1st visit reading of the HbA1C target achieved for PCCs and MOPD were
14.5% and 9.5%, which no difference at 12-month 16.5% and 4.5%, respectively. Among T2DM patients, 74.4% were associated with hypertension and 83.9% were overweight or obese. The average BP target achieved at 1st and 12-months was 21.3% and 29.2%, respectively (increment of 7.9%). No changes in lipid profile after one year were noted at both sites. On average, the target achieved at 12-month for TG, HDL-C, and LDL-C were 53.5%, 32.1%, and 43.5%,
respectively.
Conclusion: Generally, assessments for CVD risks were sufficient except for BMI calculation and waist circumference measurement, which need to be enhanced further. Comorbidities: hypertension and obesity were highly associated with T2DM. Both primary and hospital-based specialist clinics have a small percentage of diabetes targets achieved, indicating the need for more enforcement to strengthen both pharmaco- and non-pharmacotherapy. In addition, this enforcement will also
improve the BP and lipid profile targets achieved. Assessment and counselling on exercise, weight reduction, and smoking status, referral to a dietician, smoking cessation program for smokers, and an ophthalmologist, should be performed on every T2DM patient for better prevention and early
intervention of its complication
Type 2 diabetes mellitus and stroke: understanding the connection
No full textStroke or cerebrovascular disease is one of the main causes of death globally. The incidence of stroke is linked to the persistent rise in the prevalence of risk factors like obesity, diabetes, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia. As a significant risk factor for stroke, this chapter discussed the impact of diabetes on stroke events. It summarises the pathophysiology of hyperglycaemia and additional other co-existing common risk factors leading to stroke events. Likewise, this chapter discusses the clinical implications, management approach to diabetes with stroke events and preventive strategies to reduce stroke risk. The comprehensive medical intervention of diabetes, alongside other associated risk factors management, together with effective healthy lifestyle changes, is an essential and effective strategy to lower the risk of stroke in patients with T2DM
Nutrition and stroke: current state and future perspectives
No full textThis book provides a thorough examination of the correlation between nutrition and stroke. It delves into the interplay between nutrition and brain functions, neurogenesis, and cognitive functions. Additionally, it investigates how various types of nutrition relate to stroke. Moreover, it discusses recent progress in recognizing the significant therapeutic role of different nutrients in addressing stroke. Finally, it offers an overview of nutrients as neuroprotective agents and outlines the fundamental principles of nutrigenomics
Minimally invasive haemodynamic monitoring: PiCCO
No full textResuscitation of critically ill patients in the intensive care setting is a complex process requiring the accurate measurement of haemodynamic parameters i.e. cardiac output, stroke volume variation and systemic vascular resistance. Haemodynamic monitoring data is used to optimize the balance between tissue oxygenation supply and demand and effectively combat global tissue hypoxia, shock and multi organ failure in critically ill patients. This information guides treatment and prevents morbidity and mortality. Invasive haemodynamic monitoring has been the connerstone of the care of the critically ill and haemodynamically unstable patient. Nevertheless, several concerns have been raised regarding its invasiveness and associated complications. This has led to the development of a number of less invasive technologies for cardiac output determination
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