1,720,973 research outputs found
Network governance and low-carbon transitions in european cities
Full text linkThe thesis investigates the role of governance networks in advancing sustainable energy transitions in the cities of Europe. By doing so, it aims to provide insights about the practical applicability of the Transition Management framework in different urban settings. Exploring this issue is timely as well as important due to parallel processes of the rising profile of cities in transition governance; and the perceived need in city authorities to develop new governance mechanisms to support low-carbon transitions on the urban scale.
The main contribution to knowledge is the empirical evidence provided for the context-dependency of the connections between technological change required for urban low-carbon energy transitions and organisational change in local governance arrangements. The findings’ consequence for theory is that the implicit assumptions built into Transition Management about the functioning of collaborative governance networks limit its applicability in different cities. The evidence collected through the study also highlights problems with scaling down the Multi-Level Perspective to the urban scale. The findings are derived from a comparative study of three cities from across Europe with diverse characteristics in terms of historical sustainability agenda development, locally relevant rationales for transitions, and patterns of organisational fragmentation and power-distribution in local governance arrangements
More Than One Twin: An Ecology of Model Applications in East London
Full text linkThere is considerable ambiguity about the term ‘digital twin’ which is used to portray
a digital model of a real system where the twin and its system interact with one
another. Such interaction enables the twin to contribute to the operation and
performance of the real system while the real system provides processes that enable
the twin to come closer to the system itself. In this way, a two-way dependence
augments both and provides a framework for control, management and design that is
better than keeping the model and system separate. The problem of digital twining is
that were the twin to be an identical copy of the real system with digital replacing
physical components, in the last analysis, it would be the same. Moreover in practice
many different models, hence twins, exist, and the focus then becomes how twins are
linked to one another, thus forming an ecology of digital model applications. We
illustrate these ideas by describing three very different applications in East London
using data from the Olympic Park area where there is a rich constellation of
entertainment, recreational, and educational activities. We introduce a land-use
transport model that predicts activities at different locations, a three-dimensional
(3D) model using virtual realities which are augmented by adding mobile data
associated with the objects’ functioning, sometimes moving in time, and a building
complex in which we have planted a network of sensors enabling us to monitor its
performance. These three examples are clearly different from one another but they
are all based on the same physical area. We thus conclude by sketching ways in which
these twins can be linked to one another and how the idea of the twin is linked to its
users in the wider context
Evidence-informed decisionmaking in multi-stakeholder settings: The case of city digital twins for planning and management
No full textThis paper shares initial findings on how data, modelling and evidence is used to inform decision making in the Cambridge city region, UK. It discusses fragmentation of governance across the vertical, horizontal and sectoral/systemic dimensions, as well as the impact of this fragmentation on data collection, access and evidence formation and its use along the decisionmaking process. The investigation is framed by how city digital twins, the latest evolution of urban analytics, could and should be designed and implemented in order to help overcome fragmentation of data and governance. The findings inform the development of a city digital twin prototype for the Cambridge region. Addressing issues related to the dispersion of powers, responsibilities and expertise across a multi-actor governance landscape is essential in improving the use of evidence in Cambridge, and must be considered as a priority for the design and implementation of the city digital twin prototype
Going Beyond Counting First Authors in Author Co-citation Analysis
Full text linkThe present study examines one of the fundamental aspects of author co-citation analysis (ACA) - the way co-citation
counts are defined. Co-citation counting provides the data on which all subsequent statistical analyses and mappings
are based, and we compare ACA results based on two different types of co-citation counting - the traditional type that
only counts the first one among a cited work's authors on the one hand and a non-traditional type that takes into
account the first 5 authors of a cited work on the other hand. Results indicate that the picture produced through this non-traditional author co-citation counting contains more coherent author groups and is therefore considerably clearer. However, this picture represents fewer specialties in the research field being studied than that produced through the traditional first-author co-citation counting when the same number of top-ranked authors is selected and analyzed. Reasons for these effects are discussed
Variations on the Author
Full text link“Variations on the Author” discusses two of Eduardo Coutinho’s recent films (Um Dia na Vida, from 2010, and Últimas Conversas, posthumously released in 2015) and their contribution to the general question of documentary authorship. The director’s filmography is characterized by a consistent yet self-effacing form of authorial self-inscription: Coutinho often features as an interviewer that rather than express opinions propels discourses; an interviewer that is good at listening. This mode of self-inscription characterizes him as an author who is not expressive but who is nonetheless markedly present on the screen. In Um Dia na Vida, however, Coutinho is completely absent form the image, while Últimas Conversas, on the contrary, includes a confessional prologue that moves the director from the margins to the center of his films. This article examines the ways in which these works stand out in the filmography of a director who offers new insights into the notion of cinematic authorship
Network governance in low-carbon energy transitions in European cities: A comparative analysis
Full text linkThis article evaluates the opportunities and limitations of network governance to support low-carbon energy transitions in European cities. Network visualization and statistical measures of network structure are combined with qualitative case study data to provide a comparative analysis of energy transition networks in Birmingham, Budapest and Frankfurt. Data reveal that existing networks differ in extent, integration and distribution of authority. Contextual characteristics help explain these differences, highlighting the importance of path dependencies and disjunctions in each city. These findings represent important considerations for the Transition Management model which aims specifically at governing sustainability transitions via network governance. Responding to a gap in the literature we demonstrate that Transition Management must be considered as an intervention into locationally specific settings and existing networks. The design of network structures and processes, as well as role of any ‘transition manager’, must reflect contextual factors and existing network considerations. Failure to account for contextual differences limits the model’s capacity to contribute to sustainable energy transitions in different cities
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
Full text linkWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
Dispelling the Myths Behind First-author Citation Counts
Full text linkWe conducted a full-scale evaluative citation analysis study of scholars in the XML research field to explore just how different from each other author rankings resulting from different citation counting methods actually are, and to demonstrate the capability of emerging data and tools on the Web in supporting more realistic citation counting methods. Our results contest some common arguments for the continued
use of first-author citation counts in the evaluation of scholars, such as high correlations between author rankings by first-author citation counts and other citation
counting methods, and high costs of using more realistic citation counting methods that are not well-supported by the ISI databases. It is argued that increasingly available digital full text research papers make it possible for citation analysis studies to go beyond what the ISI databases have directly supported and to employ more
sophisticated methods
- …
