3 research outputs found
Halogenated Boldine Derivatives with Enhanced Monoamine Receptor Selectivity
No full text(S)-(+)-Boldine (1) was brominated, chlorinated, and iodinated using molecular bromine in acetic acid or
N-halosuccinimides in trifluoroacetic acid. Initial halogenation occurs at C-3, followed (in the cases of
chlorine and bromine) by the less reactive C-8, to afford 3-haloboldines- and 3,8-dihaloboldines (2-5).
Using a 2:1 ratio of N-iodosuccinimide to boldine, however, only the 3-iodo derivative 6 was obtained.
Radioligand binding studies of these products showed that halogenation of boldine at C-3 favors affinity
for D1- (vs D2-) dopaminergic receptors, attaining a low nanomolar IC50 value in the case of 3-iodoboldine
(6).This work was funded in part by the
Presidential Chair in Science (B.K.C., Chile, 1996). The
principal author acknowledges a generous gift of equipment
from the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation (Germany). An
exchange program between France and Chile (ECOS/CONICYT)
made valuable face-to-face discussions possible. E.M.S.
is the recipient of a FONDECYT scholarship
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Revealing otherness : a comparative examination of French and English medieval hagiographical romance
No full textThis dissertation is an analysis of three hagiographical romances written in France around the thirteenth century and later adapted into English. The texts are Ami et Amile, Robert le Diable and Florence de Rome and their English counterparts Amis and Amiloun, Sir Gowther and Le bone Florence of Rome. All six texts have been understudied, with the possible exception of Ami et Amile. They are linked in many ways, some thematic, some generic. They have all caused confusion and arguments as to what their genre is (Epic? Saint’s life? Romance? A combination of two or three genres?) and feature the defining notions of otherness, exile and penance. In spite of appearances, this work shows that the French and English authors prove to have quite different takes on the same stories. Drawing on Lacanian psychoanalysis and postcolonial theory, the chapters discuss the presence of otherness in the texts, in all its manifestations and offer new readings of the poems as well as possible solutions to the difficult question of genre in the middle ages. The many shapes taken by the other/Other (physical and emotional otherness; hybridity and gender) are exposed and utilised to uncover the meanings and ideological complexities of these multidimensional poems. This approach also reveals that the English texts propose a more conservative reading of common material than did their French originals. It is therefore suggested that the generic tendencies of these medieval texts be correlated with the importance of the Other in the respective redactions of the tales. Reading without consideration of these two factors produces a lopsided comparative view, while reading with both in mind leads to a better appreciation of rewriting and adaptation in the Middle Ages
Chimpanzee accumulative stone throwing
No full textThe authors would like to thank the Max Planck Society and Krekeler Foundation for generous funding of the Pan African Programme.The study of the archaeological remains of fossil hominins must rely on reconstructions to elucidate the behaviour that may have resulted in particular stone tools and their accumulation. Comparatively, stone tool use among living primates has illuminated behaviours that are also amenable to archaeological examination, permitting direct observations of the behaviour leading to artefacts and their assemblages to be incorporated. Here, we describe newly discovered stone tool-use behaviour and stone accumulation sites in wild chimpanzees reminiscent of human cairns. In addition to data from 17 mid- to long-term chimpanzee research sites, we sampled a further 34 Pan troglodytes communities. We found four populations in West Africa where chimpanzees habitually bang and throw rocks against trees, or toss them into tree cavities, resulting in conspicuous stone accumulations at these sites. This represents the first record of repeated observations of individual chimpanzees exhibiting stone tool use for a purpose other than extractive foraging at what appear to be targeted trees. The ritualized behavioural display and collection of artefacts at particular locations observed in chimpanzee accumulative stone throwing may have implications for the inferences that can be drawn from archaeological stone assemblages and the origins of ritual sites.Peer reviewe
