6 research outputs found
Genes and genetics belong to maize haploid induction
Full text linkMaize (Zea mays L.) is a globally significant cereal crop with diverse food, feed, and industry uses. The rapid development of homozygous inbred lines via double haploid (DH) technology has revolutionized maize breeding, reducing the time and cost required for cultivar improvement. This review synthesizes advances in haploid induction systems, focusing on the genetic mechanisms underlying both paternal and maternal inducers. Key genes such as IG1, MTL/ZmPLA1/NLD, ZmDMP, ZmPLD3, ZmPOD65, and the centromeric histone variant CENH3 are examined for their roles in haploid embryo formation. Methods of haploid identification based on DNA content and phenotypic markers (e.g., R1-navajo and Pl1 genes) are critically assessed, including recent innovations that enhance selection accuracy. Additionally, the integration of kernel oil content (KOC) as a quantitative trait for haploid discrimination is discussed. Progress in artificial and spontaneous chromosome doubling techniques, particularly the roles of colchicine, N2O treatments, and identified QTL governing spontaneous haploid genome doubling (SHGD), are highlighted. This review underscores the transformative potential of combining novel genetic tools, precision phenotyping, and genome-editing strategies to further optimize DH technology for maize improvement, ultimately facilitating next-generation plant breeding programs.This article is published as Khammona K, Dermail A, Chen Y-R, Lübberstedt T, Wanchana S, Toojinda T, Arikit S and Ruanjaichon V (2025) Genes and genetics belong to maize haploid induction. Front. Plant Sci. 16:1634053. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2025.1634053The author(s) declare that financial support was received for the research and/or publication of this article. The National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA)
Durability of the beneficial effect of MLC601 (NeuroAiD™) on functional recovery among stroke patients from the Philippines in the CHIMES and CHIMES-E studies
No full textBackground and Aim:
A pre-specified country analysis of subjects from the Philippines in the CHInese Medicine NeuroAiD Efficacy on Stroke recovery (CHIMES) Study showed significantly improved functional and neurological outcomes on MLC601 at month (M) 3. We aimed to assess these effects on long-term functional recovery in the Filipino cohort.
Methods:
The CHIMES-E (extension) Study evaluated subjects who completed three months of randomized placebo-controlled treatment in CHIMES up to two years. Blinding of treatment allocation was maintained and all subjects received standard stroke care and rehabilitation. Modified Rankin Score (mRS) and Barthel Index (BI) were assessed in-person at M3 and by telephone at M6, M12, M18, M24. Odds ratios (OR) with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CI) for functional recovery using ordinal analysis of mRS and for achieving functional independence (mRS 0-1 or BI ≥ 95) at each time point were calculated, adjusting for age, sex, baseline National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS), onset-to-treatment time (OTT) and pre-stroke mRS.
Results:
The 378 subjects (MLC601 192, placebo 186) included in CHIMES-E from the Philippines (mean age 60.2 ± 11.1) had more women (p < 0.001), worse baseline NIHSS (p < 0.001) and longer onset to treatment time (p = 0.002) compared to other countries. Baseline characteristics were similar between treatment groups. The treatment effect of MLC601 seen at M3 peaked at M6 with OR for mRS shift of 1.53 (95% CI 1.05–2.22), mRS dichotomy 0–1 of 1.77 (95% CI 1.10–2.83), and BI ≥ 95 of 1.87 (95% CI 1.16–3.02). The beneficial effect persisted up to M24.
Conclusion:
The beneficial effect of MLC601 seen at M3 in the Filipino cohort is durable up to two years after stroke.CHIMES and/or CHIMES-E Study Investigators: Philippines—Jose C Navarro, Herminigildo H Gan, Annabelle Lao, Alejandro Baroque II, Johnny Lokin, John Harold B Hiyadan, M Socorro Sarfati, Randolph John Fangonillo, Neil Ambasing, Carlos Chua, M Cristina San Jose, Joel Advincula, Eli John Berame, Maria Teresa Canete. Singapore—Narayanaswamy Venketasubramanian, Sherry HY Young, Marlie Jane Mamauag, San SanTay, Shrikant Pande, Umapathi Thirugnanam, Rajinder Singh, Hui Meng Chang, Deidre Anne De Silva, Bernard PL Chan, Vijay Sharma, Teoh Hock Luen. Thailand—Niphon Poungvarin, Sombat Muengtaweepongsa, Somchai Towanabut, Nijasri Suwanwela, Songkram Chotickanuchit, Siwaporn Chankrachang, Samart Nitinun. Sri Lanka—H Asita de Silva, Udaya Ranawake, Nirmala Wijekoon. Hong Kong—KS Lawrence Wong. Malaysia—Gaik Bee Eow.
The author(s) disclosed receipt of the following financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: The CHIMES-E study was supported by the CHIMES Society, a nonprofit organization, and grants were received by CLHC from the National Medical Research Council of Singapore (grant numbers NMRC/1288/2011 and NMRC/1096/2006)
Accelerating haploid induction rate and haploid validation through marker-assisted selection for qhir1 and qhir8 in maize
Full text linkDoubled haploid (DH) technology becomes more routinely applied in maize hybrid breeding. However, some issues in haploid induction and identification persist, requiring resolution to optimize DH production. Our objective was to implement simultaneous marker-assisted selection (MAS) for qhir1 (MTL/ZmPLA1/NLD) and qhir8 (ZmDMP) using TaqMan assay in F2 generation of four BHI306-derived tropical × temperate inducer families. We also aimed to assess their haploid induction rate (HIR) in the F3 generation as a phenotypic response to MAS. We highlighted remarkable increases in HIR of each inducer family. Genotypes carrying qhir1 and qhir8 exhibited 1 – 3-fold higher haploid frequency than those carrying only qhir1. Additionally, the qhir1 marker was employed for verifying putative haploid seedlings at 7 days after planting. Flow cytometric analysis served as the gold standard test to assess the accuracy of the R1-nj and the qhir1 marker. The qhir1 marker showed high accuracy and may be integrated in multiple haploid identifications at early seedling stage succeeding pre-haploid sorting via R1-nj marker.This article is published as Khammona K, Dermail A, Suriharn K, Lübberstedt T, Wanchana S, Thunnom B, Poncheewin W, Toojinda T, Ruanjaichon V and Arikit S (2024) Accelerating haploid induction rate and haploid validation through marker-assisted selection for qhir1 and qhir8 in maize. Front. Plant Sci. 15:1337463. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1337463. © 2024 Khammona, Dermail, Suriharn, Lübberstedt, Wanchana, Thunnom, Poncheewin, Toojinda, Ruanjaichon and Arikit. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms
Location of menaquinone and menaquinol headgroups in model membranes
Full text linkMenaquinones are lipoquinones that consist of a headgroup (naphthoquinone, menadione) and an isoprenyl sidechain. They function as electron transporters in prokaryotes such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis. For these studies, we used Langmuir monolayers and microemulsions to investigate how the menaquinone headgroup (menadione) and the menahydroquinone headgroup (menadiol) interact with model membrane interfaces to determine if differences are observed in the location of these headgroups in a membrane. It has been suggested that the differences in the locations are mainly caused by the isoprenyl sidechain rather than the headgroup quinone-to-quinol reduction during electron transport. This study presents evidence that suggests the influence of the headgroup drives the movement of the oxidized quinone and the reduced hydroquinone to different locations within the interface. Utilizing the model membranes of microemulsions and Langmuir monolayers, it is determined whether or not there is a difference in the location of menadione and menadiol within the interface. Based on our findings, we conclude that the menadione and menadiol may reside in different locations within model membranes. It follows that if menaquinone moves within the cell membrane upon menaquinol formation, it is due at least in part, to the differences in the properties of headgroup interactions with the membrane in addition to the isoprenyl sidechain.The accepted manuscript in pdf format is listed with the files at the bottom of this page. The presentation of the authors' names and (or) special characters in the title of the manuscript may differ slightly between what is listed on this page and what is listed in the pdf file of the accepted manuscript; that in the pdf file of the accepted manuscript is what was submitted by the author
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The Generation Challenge Programme Platform: Semantic Standards and Workbench for Crop Science
Full text linkThe Generation Challenge programme (GCP) is a global crop research consortium directed toward crop improvement through the
application of comparative biology and genetic resources characterization to plant breeding. A key consortium research activity
is the development of a GCP crop bioinformatics platform to support GCP research. This platform includes the following: (i)
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analysis, comparative analysis of crop genomic data, and plant breeding decision making.This is the publisher’s final pdf. The published article is copyrighted by the author(s) and published by Hindawi Publishing Corporation. The published article can be found at: http://www.hindawi.com/journals/ijpg/
Physical and Mechanical Properties of Mortar Containing Marine Waste for Product Developmentสมบัติทางกายภาพและทางกลของมอร์ต้าร์ผสมขยะทะเลเพื่อพัฒนาเป็นผลิตภัณฑ์
No full textงานวิจัยนี้นำเสนอสมบัติทางกายภาพและทางกลของมอร์ต้าร์ผสมขยะทะเลเพื่อพัฒนาเป็น ผลิตภัณฑ์ โดยทำการเก็บขยะริมทะเลและคัดเลือกเฉพาะขวดพลาสติกมาทำการบดด้วยเครื่องบด สำหรับอัตราส่วนผสมซีเมนต์มอร์ต้าร์ต่อหินฝุ่นในอัตราส่วน 1: 4 โดยน้ำหนัก ผสมขยะพลาสติกบดในอัตราร้อยละ 3 6 และ 9 โดยน้ำหนักทั้งหมด และใช้อัตราส่วนน้ำต่อปูนซีเมนต์เท่ากับ 0.4 จากนั้นทดสอบหน่วยน้ำหนัก การดูดซึมน้ำ ความพรุน กำลังอัด การทดสอบด้วยกล้องจุลทรรศน์อิเล็กตรอนแบบส่องกราดและเลือกอัตราส่วนที่เหมาะสมขึ้นรูปเป็นผลิตภัณฑ์ จากการศึกษาพบว่า หน่วยน้ำหนักของซีเมนต์มอร์ต้าร์ผสมพลาสติกบดมีค่าลดลงด้วยการแทนที่เพิ่มขึ้นของขยะพลาสติกบด การใช้ขยะขยะพลาสติกบดผสมในซีเมนต์มอร์ต้าร์ส่งผลให้การดูดซึมน้ำและความพรุนเพิ่มด้วยการแทนที่เพิ่มขึ้นของปริมาณขยะพลาสติก การใช้ขยะพลาสติกบดร้อยละ 6 ของน้ำหนักทั้งหมดผสมในซีเมนต์มอร์ต้าร์และหินฝุ่นสามารถพัฒนาขึ้นรูปกระถางต้นไม้ การใช้ประโยชน์จากขยะพลาสติกจากทะเลพัฒนาเป็นผลิตภัณฑ์ที่ยั่งยืน เป็นการสร้างเศรษฐกิจหมุนเวียนและช่วยลดปัญหาผลกระทบต่อสิ่งแวดล้อมThis paper presents the physical and mechanical properties of mortar mixed with marine waste for product development. Marine debris was collected from coastal areas, and only plastic bottles were selected and crushed using a grinding machine. The cement-to-stone dust ratio was fixed at 1:4 by weight, with crushed plastic waste added at 3%, 6%, and 9% by total weight. The water-to-cement ratio was maintained at 0.4. The unit weight, water absorption, porosity, compressive strength, and microstructural analysis using a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) were tested. The most suitable mixture ratio was then used to form a prototype product. The study found that the unit weight of cement mortar decreased as the replacement level of crushed plastic waste increased. The incorporation of crushed plastic waste also led to higher water absorption and porosity with increasing plastic content. Using 6% crushed plastic waste by total weight in the cement mortar and stone dust mixture proved suitable for producing plant pots. This utilization of marine plastic waste to develop sustainable products promotes a circular economy and helps mitigate environmental impacts
