517 research outputs found
Sampling hurdles : “Borderline Illegitimate” to legitimate data.
Get PDFIn this paper the author discusses how sampling access and recruitment problems encountered in an in-depth interview study heightened her sensitivity to “borderline illegitimate” data. The term illegitimate data usually refers to the data collected during a covert study, whereas “legitimate” data are collected during an overt study. Hence, data collected during any nonconsented period(s) of an overt study lie on the borderline of illegitimacy and legitimacy, and constitute what the author calls borderline illegitimate data. Such data need legitimization before use. The borderline illegitimate data were collected during the pre- and postinterview stages of her study as they explained how medical and ethnic cultures and sensitivity to racism as a topic combined to create sample recruitment difficulties of the study. The author later legitimized them by sharing them with the participants, guaranteeing anonymity, and asking their permission to use them
Unpacking the impact of the TikTok ban on local content creators and the rise of Indianized social media apps.
Get PDFThis paper investigates the repercussions of the TikTok ban in 2020 and the subsequent migration of local content creators to alternative platforms, with a particular focus on the identity negotiation of the marginalized LGBTQIA+ community. The author positions this paper as an exploration of the displacement experienced by rural young queers in expressing their queerness following the ban. TikTok was a platform that transcended class barriers and provided an equal platform for socioeconomically diverse users. However, its ban led to the emergence of Indianized social media apps that have further segregated the classes. The author argues that this phenomenon requires academic attention because the rise of these Indian apps coincides with the overshadowing of right-wing populism. By exploring these complex dynamics, this paper contributes to the understanding of the impact of digital media on the social fabric of contemporary India.Peer Reviewedhttp://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/177335/1/15-Garg-Tiktok-Social Media and Society in India Proceedings-66-72-10.73027932.pdfSEL
Correction: Singh et al. An Experimental Investigation on the Material Removal Rate and Surface Roughness of a Hybrid Aluminum Metal Matrix Composite (Al6061/SiC/Gr). Metals 2021, 11, 1449
No full textHarish Kumar Garg was not included as an author in the published article [...
Leggett-Garg inequalities for quantum fluctuating work
Get PDFThis is the author accepted manuscript. The final version is available from MDPI via the DOI in this recordThe Leggett-Garg inequalities serve to test whether or not quantum correlations in time can be explained
within a classical macrorealistic framework. We apply this test to thermodynamics and derive a set of LeggettGarg
inequalities for the statistics of fluctuating work done on a quantum system unitarily driven in time. It
is shown that these inequalities can be violated in a driven two-level system, thereby demonstrating that there
exists no general macrorealistic description of quantum work. These violations are shown to emerge within the
standard Two-Projective-Measurement scheme as well as for alternative definitions of fluctuating work that are
based on weak measurement. Our results elucidate the influences of temporal correlations on work extraction
in the quantum regime and highlight a key difference between quantum and classical thermodynamics.HM is supported by EPSRC through a Doctoral
Training Grant. J.A. acknowledges support from EPSRC,
grant EP/M009165/1, and the Royal Society. This research
was supported by the COST network MP1209 “Thermodynamics
in the quantum regime”
Atomic "bomb testing": The Elitzur-Vaidman experiment violates the Leggett-Garg inequality
No full text\ua9 The Author(s) 2018. Elitzur and Vaidman have proposed a measurement scheme that, based on the quantum superposition principle, allows one to detect the presence of an object-in a dramatic scenario, a bomb-without interacting with it. It was pointed out by Ghirardi that this interaction-free measurement scheme can be put in direct relation with falsification tests of the macro-realistic worldview. Here we have implemented the "bomb test" with a single atom trapped in a spin-dependent optical lattice to show explicitly a violation of the Leggett-Garg inequality-a quantitative criterion fulfilled by macro-realistic physical theories. To perform interaction-free measurements, we have implemented a novel measurement method that correlates spin and position of the atom. This method, which quantum mechanically entangles spin and position, finds general application for spin measurements, thereby avoiding the shortcomings inherent in the widely used push-out technique. Allowing decoherence to dominate the evolution of our system causes a transition from quantum to classical behavior in fulfillment of the Leggett-Garg inequality
Phenomena-based Process Synthesis-Intensification
No full textProcess synthesis methods generally deals with identification of reactions required to produce desired products, identification of downstream processes to obtain desired product purity and decision making in terms of their sequencing. These process synthesis problems are generally open ended and combinatorial that can generate number of solutions using different approaches. However, the solution entirely depends on the considered search space and thus are limited toexisting unit-operations hindering the generation of innovative solutions that could significantly improve the process performance and efficiency by effectively using the maximum driving force available for a task. Thus, one of the practical ways to generate more efficient, economic and sustainable process alternatives, counter ongoing challenges and future problems is to develop approaches and methods that are generic in nature and can be applied over a wide search spaceto determine innovative and hybrid/intensified solutions. Process Intensification (PI) is one of the approach that has enormous potential to achieve this objective. A recent trend in terms of holistic PI approaches is the use of bottom-up approach that diverts from traditional unitoperation based approaches within process synthesis and process intensification. These bottomup approaches are based on the physicochemical phenomena/functions/building blocks at thelower level of aggregation increasing the search space and thus generating novel and innovative solutions at higher level i.e. unit-operation level. The research work done in this project is based on phenomena-based bottom-up approach.The main objective of this work is the development and application of systematic phenomenabased synthesis-intensification framework for direct and indirect synthesis of novel, innovative and intensified solutions without pre-postulation of possible unit-operations. The fundamental pillars of this framework are definition and use of the phenomena building blocks (PBBs) that includes all possible phases (spanning vapor, liquid and solid), identification of phenomena using thermodynamic insights that are combined using the combination rules and generation of a phenomena-based superstructure to systematically identify novel, innovative and intensified flowsheet alternatives. The generated flowsheet options are ranked based on Enthalpy Index (EI) to identify potential alternatives for detailed analysis (economics, sustainability and life cycle analysis). One of the novel features of this framework is that it is capable of not only generatingmore economic and sustainable novel intensified solutions for an existing process flowsheet (indirect synthesis or retrofit) but also allows the simultaneous direct synthesis-intensification by generating phenomena-based superstructure using the phenomena-based approach without any prior information about the process. Alongside, new phenomena and their classes are introduced over entire search space, systematic algorithms based on thermodynamic insights aredeveloped to identify the desirable phenomena and combine them in order to generate novel and intensified solutions. The developed framework is multiscale as it operates at phenomena, task and unit-operation scale. The framework developed in this work along with associated algorithms, knowledge bases andtools are tested with three case studies: production of Dimethyl Ether (DME) from methanol, production of benzene by Hydrodealkylation (HDA) of toluene and biological production of succinic acid. The framework is tested for both direct and indirect synthesis-intensification application. In each of the case study, several novel, innovative and intensified alternatives are systematically generated using this approach
A Phenomena-based synthesis method for process intensification
No full textPhenomena based synthesis is a process intensification (PI) method to generate innovative, more sustainable and non-trade off intensified and hybrid solutions. In the phenomena-based synthesis method, a target set of performance parameters is achieved using connectivity rules to combine phenomena at the lowest scale of aggregation directly affecting the driving force of a task or a set of tasks (Babi et al., 2015). Previously, this methodology was extended to include solid-liquid phenomena in order to widen the application range (Garg et al., 2018). In this research, the phenomena-based synthesis-intensification methodology is further developed and generalized to overcome the remainingapplication limitation and generate a wide range of solutions. New phenomena and their classes are introduced to expand the phenomena list. Furthermore, systematic algorithms based on thermodynamic insights are developed to identify desirable phenomena to combine in order to generate intensified/hybrid solutions. Thus, the presentation will showcase the generic phenomena basedsynthesis-intensification methodology, systematic steps and be illustrated with case-study examples
How Can We Best Diagnose Severity Levels of Dry Eye Disease: Current Perspectives [Corrigendum]
No full textChester T, Garg S, Johnston J, Ayers B, Gupta P. Clin Ophthalmol. 2023;17:1587–1604.
Page 1587, author list, the text “Brandon Ayers” should read “Brandon Ayres”.
The authors have also advised the units of measurement for Lactoferrin in Figure 1 on page 1597 is incorrect. The correct Figure 1 is shown below.
Figure 1 (A and B) Identification and management of aqueous-deficient dry eye. (C and D) Identification and management of evaporative dry eye.
The authors apologize for this error and advise it does not affect the results of the paper
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