81,564 research outputs found
Constructive consistency checking for partial specification in Z
No full textPartial specification is a method of specifying complex systems in which the system is described by a collection of specifications, each approaching the system from a different viewpoint. The specification notation Z is often advocated as a suitable language for this style of specification. For collections of partial specifications to be meaningful, they need to be consistent, i.e. they should not impose contradictory requirements. This paper addresses how the consistency between partial specifications in Z can be checked, by constructing unifications, i.e. least common refinements, of viewpoint specifications
On-road remote sensing of liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) vehicle emissions measurement and emission factors estimation
No full textIn the present study, the real-world on-road liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) vehicle/taxi emissions of carbon monoxide (CO), hydrocarbon (HC) and nitric oxide (NO) were investigated. A regression analysis approach based on the measured LPG vehicle emission data was also used to estimate the on-road LPG vehicle emission factors of CO, HC and NO with respect to the effects of instantaneous vehicle speed and acceleration/deceleration profiles for local urban driving patterns. The results show that the LPG vehicle model years and driving patterns have a strong correlation to their emission factors. A unique correlation of LPG vehicle emission factors (i.e., g km-1 and g l-1) on different model years for urban driving patterns has been established. Finally, a comparison was made between the average LPG, and petrol [Chan, T.L., Ning, Z., Leung, C.W., Cheung, C.S., Hung, W.T., Dong, G., 2004. On-road remote sensing of petrol vehicle emissions measurement and emission factors estimation in Hong Kong. Atmospheric Environment 38, 2055-2066 and 3541] and diesel [Chan, T.L., Ning, Z., 2005. On-road remote sensing of diesel vehicle emissions measurement and emission factors estimation in Hong Kong. Atmospheric Environment 39, 6843-6856] vehicle emission factors. It has shown that the introduction of the replacement of diesel taxis to LPG taxis has alleviated effectively the urban street air pollution. However, it has demonstrated that proper maintenance on the aged LPG taxis should also be taken into consideration.Department of Mechanical Engineerin
The Benefits of Being Economics Professor A (and not Z)
No full textAlphabetic name ordering on multi-authored academic papers, which is the convention in the economics discipline and various other disciplines, is to the advantage of people whose last name initials are placed early in the alphabet. As it turns out, Professor A, who has been a first author more often than Professor Z, will have published more articles and experienced afaster growth rate over the course of her career as a result of reputation and visibility. Moreover, authors know that name ordering matters and indeed take ordering seriously: Several characteristics of an author group composition determine the decision to deviate from the default alphabetic name order to a significant extent.performance measurement, incentives, economists, name ordering
Stability analysis and stabilization of discrete-time non-homogeneous semi-Markov jump linear systems: A polytopic approach
No full textThis paper addresses the issues of stability analysis and stabilizing controller design for two classes of discrete-time non-homogeneous semi-Markov jump linear systems (S-MJLSs). The first class is concerned with the sojourn-time probability mass functions that are independent of jump instants, while the other considers the existence of probability mass functions of sojourn time depending on jump instants. New techniques are developed respectively for both classes of systems by transforming their corresponding time-varying semi-Markov kernels into more tractable forms. Based on the stochastic stability allowing for bounded sojourn time, the derived stability and stabilization criteria containing the probability distribution information of random sojourn time can be numerically tested. In order to reduce the possible conservatism of the obtained results, a novel class of polytopic quadratic Lyapunov function is constructed, which depends on both the current mode and the elapsed time in the current mode. Finally, the proposed control strategies are applied to an illustrative application of automotive electronic throttle valve to show the effectiveness of the theoretical results. The results also reveal the significance of considering the inhomogeneity of S-MJLSs and the importance of our constructed Lyapunov function
Final word on Jersey Dutch
No full textIn this article, William Z. Shetter compares and contrasts the dialects that developed between different Dutch colonies in the New World. He explores in-depth the nuances of Jersey Dutch, and provides theories to explain how Dutch and colonial languages blended. The article is reprinted from American Speech, December 1958, Volum XXXIII, No. 4
Link stability estimation based on link connectivity changes in mobile ad-hoc networks
No full textDear Wang,
Re: Link Stability Estimation Based on Link Connectivity Changes in Mobile Ad-hoc Networks
I have not been able to assess if this is an author version peer-reviewed or is it an author version non peer reviewed. Could you please clarify this so I can proceed to add your paper to Spiral. Spiral digital repository only accept peer-reviewed papers.
30/11/12 author has confirmed peer reviewe
QADIMGI DUNYO TARIXINI O'RGANISHDA "AVESTO" NING AHAMIYATI
No full text<p>Ushbu tezisda islomgacha bo`lgan davrda keng tarqalgan diniy e`tiqodlardan biri Zardushtiylik va uning muqaddas kitobi «Avesto» ning paydo bo`lishi hamda uning qadimgi tariximizni, o`sha davrdagi ijtimoyi-madaniy taraqqiyotni, jamiyatda qaror topgan tartiblarni o`rganisdagi ahamiyati haqida so`z yuritiladi</p>
A genetic variation map for chicken with 2.8 million single-nucleotide polymorphisms
No full textWe describe a genetic variation map for the chicken genome containing 2.8 million single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). This map is based on a comparison of the sequences of three domestic chicken breeds (a broiler, a layer and a Chinese silkie) with that of their wild ancestor, red jungle fowl. Subsequent experiments indicate that at least 90% of the variant sites are true SNPs, and at least 70% are common SNPs that segregate in many domestic breeds. Mean nucleotide diversity is about five SNPs per kilobase for almost every possible comparison between red jungle fowl and domestic lines, between two different domestic lines, and within domestic lines--in contrast to the notion that domestic animals are highly inbred relative to their wild ancestors. In fact, most of the SNPs originated before domestication, and there is little evidence of selective sweeps for adaptive alleles on length scales greater than 100 kilobases
Regioselektiivse Fmoc- ja Z-kaitstud asa-Trüptofaani prekursorite sünteesimeetodi väljatöötamine ja optimiseerimine
No full textAntud töö eesmärgiks oli Fmoc- ja Z-kaitstud asa-Trüptofaani prekursorite regioselektiivse sünteesimeetodi väljatöötamine ning optimiseerimine. Tehtud katsete tulemused näitasid, et kaitstud hüdrasooni protoneerimine 1 ekvivalendi HCl-iga on piisav saavutamaks senisest palju paremaid saagiseid. HCl-i ülehulgas kasutamine aga toob esile polümeriseerumise ning seetõttu saagise languse. Optimaalseteks reaktsioonitingimusteks Fmoc-NHNH2 puhul oli 3 h ning 3 ekvivalendi BH3*THF kompleksi kasutamine. Z-NHNH2 korral aga 1 h ning 3 ekvivalendi sama redutseerija kasutamine oli optimaalne
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