122,224 research outputs found
Attributes of patients who attempt suicide: a comparison with the clients of the Samaritans
No full textThis study is an inquiry into alternative forms of crisis behaviour, investigating those individuals who in times of stress commit ’’attempted suicide” (a parasuicidal act) and those who, in apparently similar circumstances, seek help from a social agency. The inquiry is based on comparisons between the "attempted suicide” patients (parasuicides) admitted to the Regional Poisoning Treatment Centre at the Royal Infirmary, Edinburgh, and the clients of the Telephone Samaritans organisation in Edinburgh.
The Samaritans offer help to the suicidal and despairing. It was assumed, and the study confirms, that in general terms their clients have reached crises in problem situations similar to those of parasuicides.
The study begins with a description of the demographic and social characteristics sties of a representative sample of 350 clients of the Edinburgh Telephone Samaritans at the time of the clients* first contacts. These characteristics are shown in relation to those of the population of Edinburgh, and are then compared with those of a representative sample of 292 parasuicide patients.
The findings show the Samaritan clients to be a sub-group of the general population with distinguishable features. They are drawn chiefly from the younger age—groups and the lower socio-economic classes; they may be married or single but are often living alone. A marked similarity appears between the male Samaritan clients and the male parasuicides, particularly in respect of age, marital states and social class, and they tend to live in the same areas of the city. The two female groups have much less in common. One unexpected and significant feature is that,while women predominate among the parasuicide patients, the majority of the Samaritan clients are male: among the Edinburgh clients the proportion of
males to females is twice as great as in the city population.
The study continues with a more detailed comparison made between those clients who showed persistence in seeking help from the Samaritans and those patients who had committed parasuicidal acts but were apparently capable of seeking help had they wished to do so. For this purpose 109 Samaritan clients selected as persistent help—seekers were compared with 93 parasuicide patients selected as capable of seeking help. Again the clients are predominantly male and the parasuicides are mostly female. The study exhibits and discusses the similarities and dissimilarities between these two groups. The most notable features suggest that lack of inter-personal contact or social isolation lead distressed individuals to seek advice from outsiders (in this case the Samaritans) whereas the less isolated who experience inter-personal disharmony tend in similar situations of stress to commit parasuicjdal acts.
Finally, the study considers the reasons for not seeking help given by those parasuicides capable of seeking help. The same 93 parasuicide patients were questioned as to their attitudes towards help-seeking both generally and in the context of their parasuicidal act. Their choice of action was clearly related to their subjective views of their situation. A self-reliant group either considered that no help was required or were against seeking help, while the remainder had made some effort to seek help but felt that effective help was not available.
The study describes the nature of the service provided by the Samaritans, and considers what kind of service might help to reduce the incidence of parasuicide
A Multi-Language Comparison of Influences on Author Verification using Character N-Grams
No full textWe create a new multi-language corpus for author verification based on Wikipedia talkpages, and evaluate the influence that differences in topic and time have on character n-gram author profiles. Topic alignment between two texts is found to increase author verification precision, and an authors writing style is found to change over time, but not more significantly after 3 years than after 1 year.Information ArchitectureWISElectrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Scienc
Appropriate Similarity Measures for Author Cocitation Analysis
No full textWe provide a number of new insights into the methodological discussion about author cocitation analysis. We first argue that the use of the Pearson correlation for measuring the similarity between authors’ cocitation profiles is not very satisfactory. We then discuss what kind of similarity measures may be used as an alternative to the Pearson correlation. We consider three similarity measures in particular. One is the well-known cosine. The other two similarity measures have not been used before in the bibliometric literature. Finally, we show by means of an example that our findings have a high practical relevance.information science;Pearson correlation;cosine;similarity measure;author cocitation analysis
The vanishing author in computer-generated works: a critical analysis of recent Australian case law
No full textAbstract
The use of software is ubiquitous in the creation of many copyright works, yet the requirement in copyright law that every work have a human author who engages in independent intellectual effort means that its use may prevent copyright subsistence. Several recent Australian cases have refocused attention on authorship as an essential criterion of copyright subsistence, and these cases suggest that much computer-produced output may be authorless and thus lack copyright protection. This article, the first in a two-part series, analyses how each case deals with the question of authorship of computer-produced works and why the use of software diminishes copyright protection for a significant number of computer-generated works. The article critiques the application of conventional notions of human authorship developed in the pre-computer age to modern productions and suggests alternative approaches to authorship that satisfy both the major objectives of copyright policy and the need to adapt to the computer age. The article argues that, without a broader judicial approach to authorship of computer-generated works, Parliament must remedy the lacuna in protection for these ‘authorless’ works. Possible solutions for reform are suggested. In a forthcoming article, the author comprehensively examines those reform proposals
Diffusive author(s), cohesive author: Analysis of S/N (1994)
No full textThis study indicates the ways in which various aspects of the author(s) are brought forth in Dumb type’s performance art, the S/N production. Previous research has suggested a non-hierarchical organization of Dumb type and the absence of a “privileged author” in Dumb type’s collaborative work, S/N. However, the results that I have investigated from member’s interviews on the creative process of S/N along with my analysis of the recorded images of S/N, indicate a different aspect of the author(s). First, S/N was created through, so to speak, the collective ideas of the members of Dumb type. Further, S/N has at least nine quotations from previous performances, installations, and printed writings, besides the work-in-progress technique. Explicating one of the “author functions” as given by Michel Foucault, each text has plural subjects of the author. However, it has been revealed from members’ interviews that Teiji Furuhashi had a decision-making role in selecting the members’ ideas within the performance. Since then, S/N has had plural subjects of creation; however, Furuhashi is one of the subjects of creation along with the “privileged author.” S/N has plural authors (diffusive authors) yet at the same time, it has a “privileged author,” Teiji Furuhashi (cohesive author)
Multidrug resistant tuberculosis
No full textOur objectives was to measure the serum zinc level in multidrug-resistant tuberculosis
(MDRTB) patients and explore its association with different predictors of MDRTB in comparison with drug-sensitive tuberculosis (DSTB). We recruited 107 MDRTB and 87 DSTB patients from the National Institute of Diseases of the Chest and Hospital (NIDCH), Dhaka, in our study. We have used laboratory data on drug resistance patterns of these patients through the line probe assay. About 5 ml overnight fasting blood was collected from each patient to measure serum zinc level through the graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometry method. Multivariate logistic regression in forward LR method was employed to measure the associated factors of MDRTB.
Of them, serum zinc level was found significantly lower in MDRTB patients than DSTB (mean value, 65.1 µg/dl vs. 72.8 µg/dl, p-value<0.001). Younger age (Odds ratio [OR], 0.974; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.951 – 0.997), female gender (OR, 3.480; 95% CI, 1.519-7.972), BCG unvaccinated individuals (OR, 4.814; 95% CI, 2.228-10.400) and reduced level of serum zinc (OR, 0.955; 95% CI, 0.928 – 0.983) were found as the significant predictors for MDRTB
Dissipative Range Scaling of Higher Order Structure Functions for Velocity and Passive Scalars
No full textDifferently to Kolmogorov's second similarity hypothesis, we find that the 2n-th order velocity and scalar structure functions scale with n-th order moment of the energy dissipation and the scalar dissipation, respectively. The origins of this scaling are analyzed by the transport equations of the fourth order velocity and scalar increment moments and by direct numerical simulations
Fast implementation of iterative adaptive approach for wideband unambiguous radar detection
No full textAccepted author manuscriptMicrowave Sensing, Signals & System
Ratio of n-6/n-3 in the diets of beef cattle
No full textEffects of feeding heat-treated canola (C), soybean (S) and flax (F) or mixtures on growth and slaughter characteristics, taste and fatty acid (FA) composition of beef tissue were investigated using 128 crossbred steers to determine the potential of improving the nutritional quality of beef for humans. For Trial 1 (48 steers), dietary treatments were: roasted C, extruded C, roasted S, extruded S, roasted F and extruded F. For Trial 2 (80 steers), the dietary treatments were: S:F (1:1), S:C (1:1), C:F (1:1) and S:F:C (1:1:1), and the oilseeds were processed either by roasting or extruding before mixing. Soybean meal and soybean oil were used to give equivalent lipid and protein contents to each experimental diet. The basal diet consisted of grass silage, barley grain, vitamins and minerals. Steers were fed for a minimum of 100d then slaughtered at a uniform degree of finish. Growth and slaughter characteristics of the steers were only slightly affected by dietary treatment in that the soybean-fed steers consumed more feed and had a higher average daily gain than the canola or flax-fed animals in Trial 1. There was no difference in taste panel parameters for any of the treatments. Inclusion of flax in the diet increased the total n-3 content of meat. Similar results were found for canola and C18:1n-9 although this was not the case for soybean and the n-6 FA. For the n-6 FA in the PL and neutral lipid fractions of the meat samples, levels were correlated with high dietary levels of n-6 or n-9 with low levels of n-3 while for the n-3 FA, levels were correlated with high dietary n-3 levels and low n-6 levels. Oilseed processing method did not have an effect on any fatty acid levels. It is possible to modify the FA composition of beef meat toward a healthier profile by including heat-treated oilseeds in the diet to influence the degree of lipid metabolism in the rumen.ID: S0377840111004007; M3: Article; Accession Number: S0377840111004007; Author: M.A. McNiven (a, ⁎); Author: J.L. Duynisveld (b); Author: T. Turner (a); Author: A.W. Mitchell (a); Affiliation: Department of Health Management, Atlantic Veterinary College, University of PEI, Charlottetown, PEI, Canada C1A 4P3; Affiliation: Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Nappan, NS, Canada B0L 1C0; Keyword: Oilseeds; Keyword: Roasted; Keyword: Extruded; Keyword: Fatty acids; Keyword: Healthy fat; Number of Pages: 11; Language: English
After seven years in Key West, Florida, author John N. Cole learned to appreciat
No full textAfter seven years in Key West, Florida, author John N. Cole learned to appreciate Maine winters for their beauty and power
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