28,017 research outputs found
Immigration and Innovation in European Regions
Full text linkThe pooling of people with diverse backgrounds in particular areas may boost the creation of new ideas, knowledge spillovers, entrepreneurship and economic growth. In this paper we measure the impact of the size, skills and diversity of immigration on innovativeness of host regions. For this purpose we construct a panel of data on 170 regions in Europe (NUTS 2 level) for the period 1991-2001. Innovation outcomes are measured by means of the number and types of patent applications. Given the geographical concentration and subsequent diffusion of innovation activity, and the spatial selectivity of immigrant settlement patterns, we take account of spatial dependence and of endogeneity of immigrant settlement in the econometric modelling. We find that an increase in patent applications in a region is associated with (i) net immigration; (ii) the share of foreigners in the population of the region; (iii) the average skill level of the immigrants; and (iv) the cultural diversity of the immigrants. The magnitude of these effects varies between types of patents
XXQ FACTORS FOR SUSTAINABLE URBAN DEVELOPMENT: A SYSTEMS ECONOMICS VIEW
Full text linkModern cities turn increasingly into functional areas seeking for a balance between agglomeration forces and urban quality of life. This paper will address the issue of sustainable urban development from a quality (performance) perspective. It aims to identify the critical access factors for the highest possible quality (XXQ) of the urban economy. A plea is made for a coherent methodological approach based on a systems economic view. In addition to a sketch of recent dynamic trends in urban systems in OECD countries, it pays attention to theories on urban growth and performance. Next, five critical success conditions for a high performance of cities will be presented in a coherent urban systems economics framework. The policy lessons of the analysis will form the last part of the paper.urban development, sustainability, critical access factors, systems economics
Measuring Network Externalities : their role on corporate and regional performance
No full textCapello Roberta, Nijkamp Peter. Measuring Network Externalities : their role on corporate and regional performance. In: NETCOM : Réseaux, communication et territoires / Networks and Communication Studies, vol. 7 n°2, septembre 1993. pp. 275-311
Telecommunications as a catalyst development strategy
No full textCapello Roberta, Nijkamp Peter. Telecommunications as a catalyst development strategy. In: NETCOM : Réseaux, communication et territoires / Networks and Communication Studies, vol. 7 n°1, avril 1993. pp. 1-66
Social Economic Aspects of the Diaspora World
Full text linkNijkamp, P. [Promotor]Rietveld, P. [Promotor
Regional Labour Markets in Germany: Statistical Analysis of Spatio-Temporal Disparities and Netwok Structures
Full text linkNijkamp, P. [Promotor]Reggiani, A. [Promotor
Editorial
No full textThis special issue of Spatial Economic Analysis, on 'Modelling Regional Dynamics', contains an interesting set of novel contributions put together by guest co-editors Peter Mulder, Peter Nijkamp & Roger Stough, who have also summarized and commented on the papers below. The papers are as follows. First, Ugo Fratesi & Roberta Capello write about 'Modelling Regional Growth: An Advanced MASST Model'. Next we have the contribution by Emmanouil Tranos entitled 'The Causal Effect of the Internet Infrastructure on the Economic Development of European City Regions'. Then Marco Percoco considers 'Entrepreneurship, Social Capital and Institutions: Evidence from Italy'; and Megha Mukim asks the question, 'Does Agglomeration Boost Innovation? An Econometric Evaluation'. The final paper, by Aki Kangasharju, Christophe Tavera & Peter Nijkamp, is entitled 'Regional Growth and Unemployment: The Validity of Okun's Law for the Finnish Regions'
Regional Variations in Production Network Externalities
No full textCAPELLO R. and NIJKAMP P. (1996) Regional variations in production network externalities, Reg. Studies, 30, 225-237. In the present paper the main area of analysis is the concept of network externalities and its interpretation from a theoretical, conceptual and empirical point of view. A conceptual framework is built on the proposition that network externalities are one of the decisive reasons for entering a telecommunication network. Since externality mechanisms arise at the user side and impact on the demand function, they can be labelled “consumption network externalities”. However, this paper goes a step further than the recent literature by claiming that telecommunication networks are not only governed by consumption network externalities, but also generate production network externalities, since their advantages may be measured in terms of the performance of firms and regions. The paper presents a conceptual model on the role network externality plays on the performance of firms and regions, a methodology to measure these externalities at an empirical level and the results of the empirical analysis developed in Italy. Strong regional variations in the way network externalities are exploited emerge from the empirical analysis. CAPELLO R. et NIJKAMP P. (1996). Variations regionales dans les effets externes de production en reseaux, Reg. Studies 30, 225-237. Cet article cherche principalement a analyser la notion d'effets externes en reseaux et a l'interpreter du point de vue theorique, conceptuel et empirique. Un cadre conceptuel est etabli a partir de la proposition que les effets externes en reseaux constituent l'un des facteurs decisifs qui expliquent la participation a un reseau de telecommunications. Vu que les mecanismes des effets externes se font sentir cote usager et influent sur la fonction de demande, on peut les cataloguer comme effets externes de consommation en reseaux. Neanmoins, cet article va plus loin par rapport a la documentation recente, pretendant que les reseaux de telecommunications sont controles non seulement par des effets externes de consommation en reseaux, mais engendrent aussi des effets externes de production en reseaux, etant donne que leurs avantages peuvent etre evalues en termes de la performance des entreprises et des regions. L'article presente un modele conceptuel du role que joue les effets externes dans la performance des entreprises et des regions, une methodologie afin d'evaluer ces effets externes au niveau empirique, et les resultats de l'analyse empirique developpee en Italie. Il ressort de l'analyse empirique de fortes variations regionales dans l'exploitation des effets externes en reseaux. CAPELLO R. und NIJKAMP P. (1996). Regionale Abweichungen bei Anbieternetzexternalisierungen, Reg. Studies 30, 225-237. In dem vorliegenden Aufsatz bezieht sich das Hauptgebiet der Analyse auf das Konzept der Netzexternalisierungen und seine Interpretation vom theoretischen, konzeptuellen und empirischen Gesichtspunkt aus. Es wird ein konzeptueller Rahmen auf der Proposition errichtet, dass Netzexternalisierungen einer der entscheidenden Grunde fur den Beitritt zum Telekommunikationsnetzsystem sind. Da Externalisationsmechanismen von Seiten des Benutzers entstehen, und sich auf die Nachfragefunktion auswirken, konnen sie als Verbrauchernetzexternalisierung bezeichnet werden. Dieser Aufsatz geht jedoch einen Schritt weiter als die kuzlich erschienene Literatur, indem er die Behauptung aufstellt, dass Telekommunikationsnetze nicht von Verbrauchernetzexternalisierung bestimmt werden, sondern auch Anbieternetzexternalisierung bewirken, da ihre Vorteile unter dem Aspekt der Leistung von Firmen und Regionen verstanden und gemessen werden konnen. Dieser Aufsatz stellt ein konzeptuelles Modell der Rolle dar, die Netzexternalisierung bei der Leistung von Firmen und Regionen spielt, sowie eine Methodik der Messung dieser Externalisierungen auf empirischer Ebene und die Ergebnisse der empirischen Analyse, die in Italien entwickelt wurde. Sie weist bedeutende regionale Abweichungen in der Art und Weise der Nutzung der Netzexternalisierungen auf.Netzexternalisierungen, Regionale Abweichungen, Regionale Entwicklung, Technologische Nutzung, Telekommunikationsnetz und -diensdeistungen,
The Development of Regional Employment in Germany: Results from Neural Network Experiment
No full textThe development of Regional employment in Germany: Results from Neural Network Experiments (by Roberto Patuelli, Aura Reggiani, Peter Nijkamp) - ABSTRACT: This paper offers an overview of experimental results, based on neural networks (NNs) used to forecast regional employment variations in Germany. NNs are statistical optimization tools, whose main characteristics are non-linear data processing and the ability to find functional relationships within the data. We present the results – for a set of NN models – based on regional data concerning full-time employment in Germany. The database used in our experiments consists of two panels of 326 and 113 NUTS 3 districts, which represent West and East Germany, respectively. In order to forecast employment growth rates for the years 2004, 2005, and 2006, NN models – also embedding shift-share analysis components – were developed and evaluated for West and East Germany. The paper concludes with theoretical, methodological and empirical observations in the light of future research developments
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