15,262 research outputs found
Open data and charities
No full textOpen data involves a paradigm shift in the way organisations manage their information and data: moving from a default of charities keeping data resources locked up in underused internal systems, to building a shared ‘Web of Data’. The emergence of the open data movement has supported powerful new models of creativity, innovation and public engagement.Although most of the recent stories of progress and success in the open data field come from government and research where open data is more established, this report sets out to explain the ways in which open data is increasingly coming to play a role in the charitable sector. Existing open government data can be used by charities to add value to their work, to target services better, to improve advocacy and fundraising, and to support knowledge sharing and collaboration between different charities and agencies. Crowdsourcing of open data also offers a new way for charities to gather intelligence, and a wide range of freely available online tools can support charities to analyse open data resources. Realising the potential of open data will require charities to meet a number of technical and organisational challenges. Indeed many charities will need to address key issues relating to open data, whether they choose to pursue benefits from open data or not (as regulatory, funding and performance indication is published online by researchers, by government and by others in the sector).This report reviews open data as it relates to the charitable sector, drawing on long experience of developing open data in research and government, as well as early work exploring open data with charities and third-sector organisations. It defines open data, describes the background context of a knowledge economy, and outlines key opportunities and challenges of open data in the charity sector.On the basis of this overview and analysis of the field, the report sets out in more detail a number of options for the further development of open data practices in the charitable sector, via five recommendations derived from the analysis
From Information to Sense-Making: Fetching and Querying Semantic Repositories
No full textInformation, its gathering, sharing, and storage, is growing at a very rapid rate. Information turned into knowledge leads to sense- making. Ontologies, and their representations in RDF, are increasingly being used to turn information into knowledge. This paper describes how to leverage the power of ontologies and semantic repositories to turn today’s glut of information into sense-making. This would enable better applications to be built making users’ lives easier and more effective
Is it necrotising enterocolitis? Is it focal intestinal perforation? Or is it something else? And does it matter?
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The Semantic Web Revisited
No full textThe original Scientific American article on the Semantic Web appeared in 2001. It described the evolution of a Web that consisted largely of documents for humans to read to one that included data and information for computers to manipulate. The Semantic Web is a Web of actionable information--information derived from data through a semantic theory for interpreting the symbols.This simple idea, however, remains largely unrealized. Shopbots and auction bots abound on the Web, but these are essentially handcrafted for particular tasks; they have little ability to interact with heterogeneous data and information types. Because we haven't yet delivered large-scale, agent-based mediation, some commentators argue that the Semantic Web has failed to deliver. We argue that agents can only flourish when standards are well established and that the Web standards for expressing shared meaning have progressed steadily over the past five years. Furthermore, we see the use of ontologies in the e-science community presaging ultimate success for the Semantic Web--just as the use of HTTP within the CERN particle physics community led to the revolutionary success of the original Web. This article is part of a special issue on the Future of AI
Letter to the editor re: Association of preoperative anemia with postoperative mortality in neonates
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Congenital problems of the gastrointestinal tract
No full textCongenital abnormalities of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) are relatively common, frequently diagnosed prenatally, and often require the attention of a neonatal surgeon for surgical correction. On occasion, such abnormalities may present with life-threatening complications necessitating urgent surgical intervention to prevent catastrophic consequences. This chapter provides an overview of the most common conditions encountered and those which require intervention as a matter of urgency. Typical presenting features, clinical findings, and treatment options are discussed
Necrotising enterocolitis: better data, still many questions
No full textIn The Lancet Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Cheryl Battersby and colleagues start to fill in some of these gaps in knowledge by providing an up-to-date epidemiological picture of severe necrotising enterocolitis among babies born before a gestational age of 32 weeks in England over a 2-year period. The importance of this study is in its completeness, with data captured from 118,073 babies admitted to all 163 neonatal units in England. Consequently, reliable data are now available that will help to inform research and service delivery. As an aside, this study also serves as an excellent example of how the (electronic) capture of routinely collected data can be used effectively and efficiently for research purposes, and is a model that should undoubtedly be replicated
Also By The Same Author: AKTiveAuthor, a Citation Graph Approach to Name Disambiguation
No full textThe desire for definitive data and the semantic web drive for inference over heterogeneous data sources requires co-reference resolution to be performed on those data. In particular, name disambiguation is required to allow accurate publication lists, citation counts and impact measures to be determined. This paper describes a graph-based approach to author disambiguation on large-scale citation networks. Using self-citation, co-authorship and document source analyses, AKTiveAuthor clusters papers, achieving precision of 0.997 and recall of 0.818 over a test group of eight surname clusters
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