299 research outputs found
Solipsism as Seen in Disordered and Non-Disordered Personality
No full textCorrelate the Solipsism construct (Cova & Holtzman, unpublished) with the domains and facets of the ‘Big 5’ measured in the Big Five Inventory-2 (BFI-2) developed by Soto and John (2017)
Correlate the Solipsism construct (Cova & Holtzman, unpublished) with the corresponding domains and facets of disordered personality measured in the Personality Inventory for DSM-5 Faceted Brief Form (PID-5-FBF) - Adult developed by Maples at al. (2013)
Correlate the Solipsism construct with Mind Perception (the average of agency and experience facets)
Correlate the Solipsism construct with Theory of Mind
Run a regression with Total Solipsism as the outcome, and the Big Five factors as predictors; do the same for Mind Perception as the outcome; do the same for Theory of Mind as the outcome
Fast and Slow Sexual Strategies are not Opposites: Implications for Personality and Psychopathology
No full textLong-term mating and short-term mating, respectively, constitute the “slow” and “fast” sexual strategies central to Life History Theory (LHT). In the target article, Del Giudice attempts to explain a wide range of individual differences using LHT’s one-dimensional (1D) model, which pits these two strategies against one another. However, we argue that a two-dimensional (2D) model of sexual strategies that treats long-term mating and short-term mating as relatively separate dimensions (based on Jackson & Kirkpatrick, 2007, Evolution and Human Behavior) better explains such individual differences. Indeed, some people use both sexual strategies, and some people use neither. The 2D model not only doubles the explanatory power of that achieved using a 1D model (Holtzman & Strube, 2013, Evolutionary Psychology) but also explicitly integrates the important evolutionary concept of mutation–selection balance
Supplement – Supplemental material for Linguistic Markers of Grandiose Narcissism: A LIWC Analysis of 15 Samples
No full textSupplemental material, Supplement for Linguistic Markers of Grandiose Narcissism: A LIWC Analysis of 15 Samples by Nicholas S. Holtzman, Allison M. Tackman, Angela L. Carey, Melanie S. Brucks, Albrecht C. P. Küfner, Fenne Große Deters, Mitja D. Back, M. Brent Donnellan, James W. Pennebaker, Ryne A. Sherman and Matthias R. Mehl in Journal of Language and Social Psychology</p
A Scholar in the Shadow: Essays in the Legal and Theological Thought of Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyyah
No full textIbn Qayyim al-Jawziyyah (1292-1350), the author of several key-works in Islamic law, theology, and mysticism, is chiefly known in Western scholarship as the most devoted disciple of the great Hanbali theologian and jurisconsult, Ibn Taymiyyah (1263-1328). While substantial innovative research was recently published by Western scholars about Ibn Taymiyyah, Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyyah’s broad literary corpus remains almost unexplored. Although some of Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyyah's works were recognized as unique and, in some cases, were used as the almost exclusive source for research, Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyyah was rarely credited for them as an independent and substantial thinker.
This book examines Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyyah’s contributions to several fields of Islamic knowledge. The articles here offer new insights on his legal and theological thought, while revealing his views on a wide range of subjects, thematically divided into Society and Law, God and Man, and Body and Soul. The book also offers a fresh reading in the biographical sources on Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyyah. This literary work exposes so far overlooked details on his biography and suggests some new trajectories for future research. The articles featured in this volume, written by leading scholars in their respective fields, portray Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyyah as a systematic theologian and scholar, who strives to integrate highly theoretical discussions with practical aspects of everyday life.
A Scholar in the Shadow is the first comprehensive academic treatment of Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyyah’s legal and theological thought. The book attempts to decipher the appeal of Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyyah to modern Muslims and others interested in early medieval Islam, while highlighting Ibn Qayyim al-Jawziyyah’s contributions to Islamic thought
Life Narratives and the Ten Aspects of the Big Five: Replicating Trait-Narrative Theme Associations in a Georgia Southern student sample.
No full textThis is a pre-registration for secondary data analysis of an existing dataset collected in Georgia Southern university, created before the first author (Chou) obtained access to the data from one of the senior authors (Nicholas S. Holtzman). The other senior authors (Syed, DeYoung) did not have access to the data prior to the pre-registration. Chou is the sole author of this pre-registration, although Holtzman provided the first author with only the necessary information (e.g., sample size, data collection procedures) to prevent factual errors in the pre-registration (nothing that would alter predictions) and Syed provided feedback on the pre-registration without accessing any of the data.
This pre-registration specifies the replication of a set of analyses conducted by the first author on a sample collected from the University of Minnesota, which was posted as a preprint at https://psyarxiv.com/wnqru/ (most recent version dated 25th July, 2022). It also specifies some additional analyses using variables collected from the Georgia Southern sample that were not collected from the Minnesota sample
Did Narcissism Evolve?
No full textThis chapter, like each chapter in the edited book, focuses on narcissism (arrogance, exploitativeness, self-admiration, etc.). My goal is to entertain and evaluate the possibility that narcissism evolved. It is important to point out that, by way of background, just because something is morally suspect does not mean that it didn’t evolve; indeed, bad things can evolve. But despite narcissism being heritable, there is no direct evidence that narcissism is caused by specific genes, indicating that the evolutionary mechanisms are unknown. Through which pathways—such as mating pathways—does narcissism get passed onto the next generation? Narcissism appears to be positively correlated with short-term mating (e.g., promiscuity), suggesting that narcissism gets pushed into subsequent generations via promiscuous activity. The idea that narcissism evolved via short-term mating, however, is currently questionable, mainly because narcissists are not physically attractive at the unadorned level; in theory, narcissists should be attractive at the unadorned level because short-term mating situations select for raw attractiveness. All told, the prospect of narcissism having evolved is in a precarious position as of this writing. Several gaps in the literature lead to a call for more molecular genetic research and collaborative, large-scale behavioral research
Sexual Strategies and Personality
No full textThe disciplines that explore individual differences in personality and individual differences in sexual strategies have remained isolated from each other. Such isolation has been maintained in part because the traditional one-dimensional measure of individual differences in sexual strategies, which treats Long-Term Mating (LTM) and Short-Term Mating (STM) as polar opposites, was found in previous studies to be only modestly related to personality. The juxtaposition of committal (LTM) and non-committal (STM) relationship styles, however, may be overly simplistic. For instance, in the one-dimensional model, extraversion has a small positive relationship with STM, but extraverts exhibit qualities (e.g., secure attachment) that in theory should enhance LTM too. Here, the one-dimensional model is compared to a two-dimensional model that separately measures LTM and STM, which increases the potential to more accurately describe people who are inclined to use both LTM and STM or neither. To compare the two models, I collect self-reports (N = 209) and peer-reports (N = 588) of sexual strategies and many personality traits: the Big 5 (agreeableness, conscientiousness, extraversion, neuroticism, and openness to experience), the Dark Triad (Machiavellianism, narcissism, and psychopathy), and three personality disorders (Anti-social, Obsessive-Compulsive, and Schizoid Personality Disorders). The results revealed that, compared to the one-dimensional model, the two-dimensional model accounted for substantially more variance in many personality traits. As predicted, it was particularly useful for capturing unique variance in extraversion and other traits that the one-dimensional model does not capture very well. Sex and personality have much more in common than previously thought, and the two-dimensional model offers a parsimonious illustration of the extent to which they are related
A Simulator of the Degree to Which Random Responding Leads to Biases in the Correlations Between Two Individual Differences
No full textRandom responding can inflate Type I and Type II error rates (Huang, Liu, & Bowling, 2015b, Journal of Applied Psychology, 100). Type II error inflation often involves certain variables having Invalid Centered Responses And Valid Uncentered Responses (ICRAVUR; pronunciation: /aikreɪvər/). Although Huang et al. (2015b) offer a set of formulas for calculating the expected bias in a correlation when such variables are present, they do not offer a way to simulate the effects. We offer two sets of Monte Carlo simulations of ICRAVUR variables. Study 1 examines the correlation between narcissism and psychopathy—thought to be a large effect. The effect was inflated (by r = 0.16), comparable to what the Huang formulas forecast. Study 2 examines the correlation between secure attachment and self-esteem—thought to be a large effect. The effect was inflated (by r = 0.26), but this time the simulation result was larger than the forecast from the Huang formulas. Thus, our simulator offers a way to test tailored hypotheses about specific variables—sometimes yielding effects more extreme than the Huang formulas. We guide the readers through software, available at the first author\u27s website, allowing for estimating the impact of ICRAVUR variables on any Pearson correlation
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