82,946 research outputs found
Polypheretima cattienensis Nguyen, Tran & Nguyen 2015
No full textPolypheretima cattienensis Nguyen, Tran & Nguyen, 2015 Polypheretima cattienensis Nguyen, Tran & Nguyen, 2015a: 594, Fig. 1. Type locality. Vietnam (Dong Nai: Cat Tien). Type material. CTU (EW.040), Vietnam. Examined material. 1 C (CTU-EW.040.h01) and 4 C (CTU-EW.040.p01) natural forest (11º25' 30.9N; 107º25' 42.2E), 122 m asl, Cat Tien National Park, Tan Phu District, Dong Nai Province, Vietnam, 13/10/2013, coll. Le Van Nhan. Records from Vietnam. Dong Nai (Cat Tien NP) (Nguyen et al. 2015a). Distribution. Only known from Vietnam. Vietnamese name. Trùn cát tiên.Published as part of Nguyen, Tung T., Nguyen, Anh D., Tran, Binh T. T. & Blakemore, Robert J., 2016, A comprehensive checklist of earthworm species and subspecies from Vietnam (Annelida: Clitellata: Oligochaeta: Almidae, Eudrilidae, Glossoscolecidae, Lumbricidae, Megascolecidae, Moniligastridae, Ocnerodrilidae, Octochaetidae), pp. 1-92 in Zootaxa 4140 (1) on pages 72-73, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4140.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/25650
Polypheretima militium Nguyen, Tran & Nguyen 2015
No full textPolypheretima militium Nguyen, Tran & Nguyen, 2015 Polypheretima militium Nguyen, Tran & Nguyen, 2015a: 596, Fig. 2. Type locality. Vietnam (Dong Nai: Vinh Cuu). Type material. CTU (EW.041), Vietnam. Examined material. 1 C (CTU-EW.041.h01) and 4 C (CTU-EW.041.p01) natural forest (11º25' 30.9N; 107º25' 42.2E), 122 m asl, Cat Tien National Park, Tan Phu Distr., Dong Nai Prov., Vietnam, 13/10/2013, coll. Le Van Nhan. Records from Vietnam. Dong Nai (Vinh Cuu) (Nguyen et al. 2015). Distribution. Only known from Vietnam. Vietnamese name. Trùn trại lính.Published as part of Nguyen, Tung T., Nguyen, Anh D., Tran, Binh T. T. & Blakemore, Robert J., 2016, A comprehensive checklist of earthworm species and subspecies from Vietnam (Annelida: Clitellata: Oligochaeta: Almidae, Eudrilidae, Glossoscolecidae, Lumbricidae, Megascolecidae, Moniligastridae, Ocnerodrilidae, Octochaetidae), pp. 1-92 in Zootaxa 4140 (1) on page 75, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4140.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/25650
Polypheretima cordata Nguyen, Tran & Nguyen 2015
No full textPolypheretima cordata Nguyen, Tran & Nguyen, 2015 Polypheretima cordata Nguyen, Tran & Nguyen, 2015a: 597, Fig. 3. Type locality. Vietnam (Dong Nai: Vinh Cuu). Type material. CTU (CTU-EW.042), Vietnam. Examined material. 1 C (CTU-EW.042.h01) and 5 C (CTU-EW.042.p01) natural forest (11º06' 89.5N; 107º03' 10.3E), about 100 m asl, Ma Da commune, Vinh Cuu Distr., Dong Nai Prov., 13/10/2013; coll. Duong Chi Trong; 4 C (CTU-EW042.k01) natural forest (11º25' 42.0N; 107º25' 38.1E), 122 m asl, Cat Tien National Park, Tan Phu Distr., Dong Nai Prov., Vietnam, 13/10/2013, coll. Le Van Nhan. Records from Vietnam. Dong Nai (Vinh Cuu; Tan Phu) (Nguyen et al. 2015a). Distribution. Only known from Vietnam. Vietnamese name. Trùn ampun hình tim.Published as part of Nguyen, Tung T., Nguyen, Anh D., Tran, Binh T. T. & Blakemore, Robert J., 2016, A comprehensive checklist of earthworm species and subspecies from Vietnam (Annelida: Clitellata: Oligochaeta: Almidae, Eudrilidae, Glossoscolecidae, Lumbricidae, Megascolecidae, Moniligastridae, Ocnerodrilidae, Octochaetidae), pp. 1-92 in Zootaxa 4140 (1) on page 73, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4140.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/25650
Metaphire peguana subsp. laisonensis Nguyen & Nguyen 2017
No full textMetaphire peguana laisonensis Nguyen & Nguyen, 2017 (Figures 5–6, Table 3) Metaphire peguana laisonensis Nguyen et al. 2017b: 900, fig. 12; Nguyen et al. 2021c: 105. Pheretima sp. 11 – Nguyen 2013: 78, 2014: 111. Type locality. Viet Nam (Kien Giang: Lai Son island) (Nguyen et al. 2017b) Type material. Laboratory of Zoology, Department of Biology, Can Tho University (EW.087.01), Vietnam. Diagnosis. Body cylindrical, length 62–114 mm, diameter 2.7–4.4 mm, segments 62–111. Prostomium epilobous. First dorsal pore at 12/13. Three pairs of spermathecal pores in lateral intersegments 6/7/8/9, bithecate. Two pairs of ellipsoid genital markings in xvii and xix, each genital marking with a small opening at the center. Male pores located inside copulatory pouches in xviii. Septum 10/11 only present ventrally. Intestinal caeca simple. Holandric, testis sacs separated. Accessory glands coelomic, strongly covered by muscular-walled bursae in 17/18 and 18/19. Habitat. The subspecies were found numerously in leaf litters in natural forest (Nguyen 2014; Nguyen et al. 2017b). Distribution. Only known in Vietnam (Kien Giang: Lai Son island; An Giang: Cam mountain) (Nguyen 2014; Nguyen et al. 2017b) (Fig. 3). Remarks. Nguyen et al. (2017b) described a new subspecies, M. peguana laisonensis found in Lai Son Island (Kien Giang Province, Vietnam) based on the location of genital markings, spermathecal pores, and the attachment of the spermathecal diverticulum (Fig. 5) (Nguyen et al. 2017b). Previously, Nguyen (2013) identified samples collected from the Cam Mountain (An Giang Province) as M. bahli (Fig. 6), and observed that these samples have intermediate characters between M. bahli and M. peguana, for example, slit-shaped genital markings in xvii and xix, and the much laterally wider spermathecal pores (Nguyen 2013). The re-examination confirmed that specimens were definitely M. peguana laisonensis. There was a minor difference in the ending of the spermathecal diverticulum between the type specimens from Lai Son Island and samples collected from the Cam Mountain (An Giang Province) (attached directly to the base of the ampulla duct vs. attached to the middle of the ampulla duct). Genetic distance of M. peguana laisonensis in Cam Mountain and M. peguana peguana was 12.2%±1.4%, and that distance with other Metaphire species was 12.9%±1.5% (with M. bahli (type I)) to 22.3%±2.1% (with M. grandiverticulata) (Table 4). Notes: Intraspecific distances are in bold; na = no dataPublished as part of Nguyen, Tung T., Lam, Dang H. & Nguyen, Anh D., 2023, A revision of the Metaphire peguana species-group (Oligochaeta: Megascolecidae) from Vietnam, pp. 113-135 in Zootaxa 5255 (1) on pages 123-125, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5255.1.15, http://zenodo.org/record/774455
Amynthas nhonmontis Nguyen & Nguyen 2015
No full text<i>Amynthas nhonmontis</i> Nguyen & Nguyen, 2015 <p> <i>Pheretima nhonmontis</i> Nguyen & Nguyen, 2015: 132, Fig. 2.</p> <p> <b>Type locality.</b> Vietnam (An Giang: Tinh Bien).</p> <p> <b>Type material.</b> CTU, Vietnam.</p> <p> <b>Examined material.</b> 1 C (<b>CTU-EW.023.h01</b>) and 6 C (<b>CTU-EW.023.p02</b>) natural forest, Nhon mountain, (104°56'09.2"E, 10°35'39.6"N), 56 m a.s.l., Tinh Bien district, An Giang province, Vietnam, 7/11/2010, coll. Nguyen Thanh Tung.</p> <p> <b>Records from Vietnam. An Giang</b> (Tinh Bien) (Nguyen & Nguyen 2015).</p> <p> <b>Distribution.</b> Only known from Vietnam.</p> <p> <b>Vietnamese name.</b> Giun núi Nhọn</p>Published as part of <i>Nguyen, Tung T., Nguyen, Anh D., Tran, Binh T. T. & Blakemore, Robert J., 2016, A comprehensive checklist of earthworm species and subspecies from Vietnam (Annelida: Clitellata: Oligochaeta: Almidae, Eudrilidae, Glossoscolecidae, Lumbricidae, Megascolecidae, Moniligastridae, Ocnerodrilidae, Octochaetidae), pp. 1-92 in Zootaxa 4140 (1)</i> on page 40, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4140.1.1, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/256507">http://zenodo.org/record/256507</a>
Polypheretima mekongmontis Nguyen, Tran & Nguyen 2014
No full text<i>Polypheretima mekongmontis</i> Nguyen, Tran & Nguyen, 2014 <p> <i>Polypheretima mekongmontis</i> Nguyen, Tran & Nguyen, 2014: 118, Fig. 6.</p> <p> <b>Type locality.</b> Vietnam (Kien Giang: Hon Dat).</p> <p> <b>Type material.</b> CTU (EW.028), Vietnam.</p> <p> <b>Examined material.</b> 1 C (<b>CTU-EW.028.h01</b>) and 10 C (<b>CTU-EW.028.p02</b>) Kien Giang Prov., Hon Dat District, Hon Me Mt. (10º06' 12.3N; 104º52' 43.5E), mango garden, 13/11/2010, coll. Nguyen Thanh Tung.</p> <p> <b>Records from Vietnam. Kien Giang</b> (Hon Dat, Hon Tre Isl.) (Nguyen <i>et al.</i> 2014).</p> <p> <b>Distribution.</b> Only known from Vietnam.</p> <p> <b>Vietnamese name.</b> Trùn núi mêkông.</p>Published as part of <i>Nguyen, Tung T., Nguyen, Anh D., Tran, Binh T. T. & Blakemore, Robert J., 2016, A comprehensive checklist of earthworm species and subspecies from Vietnam (Annelida: Clitellata: Oligochaeta: Almidae, Eudrilidae, Glossoscolecidae, Lumbricidae, Megascolecidae, Moniligastridae, Ocnerodrilidae, Octochaetidae), pp. 1-92 in Zootaxa 4140 (1)</i> on page 74, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4140.1.1, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/256507">http://zenodo.org/record/256507</a>
Metaphire dorsomultitheca Nguyen & Nguyen 2015
No full text<i>Metaphire dorsomultitheca</i> Nguyen & Nguyen, 2015 <p>(Figure 11, Table 3)</p> <p> <i>Metaphire dorsomultitheca</i> Nguyen <i>et al.</i> 2015: 465, fig. 2; Nguyen <i>et al.</i> 2016: 56, 2021c: 105.</p> <p> <i>Pheretima</i> sp. 15 <i>–</i> Nguyen 2013: 87, 2014: 112.</p> <p> <b>Type locality.</b> Vietnam (An Giang: Sam mountain) (Nguyen <i>et al.</i> 2015)</p> <p> <b>Type material.</b> Laboratory of Zoology, Department of Biology, Can Tho University (EW.025.h01, EW.025. p02), Vietnam.</p> <p> <b>Diagnosis.</b> Body cylindrical, small-medium size, length 76–111 mm, diameter 2.9–3.6 mm, segments 88–120. Prostomium epilobous. First dorsal pore at 12/13. Spermathecal pores numerous in dorsal intersegments 7/8/9, polythecate. Male pores located inside copulatory pouches in xviii. Genital markings invisible outside, but two pairs opened on the front and back walls of the copulatory pouches, respectively. Septum 10/11 present only ventrally. Intestinal caeca simple. Holandric, testis sacs separated. Accessory glands coelomic, strongly covered by muscularwalled bursae in 17/18 and 18/19.</p> <p> <b>Habitat.</b> The species was usually found in the depth of 0–5 cm in the soils under small trees and shrubs on mountain peaks (Nguyen <i>et al.</i> 2015).</p> <p> <b>Distribution.</b> Known only in Vietnam (An Giang: Sam, Cam, and Co To mountains) (Nguyen <i>et al.</i> 2015) (Fig. 3).</p> <p> <b>Remarks.</b> There are no significant differences between individuals except the number of spermathecae. The K2P intraspecific genetic distance was 0.7%±0.3%. The genetic distance between <i>M. dorsomultitheca</i> and other <i>Metaphire</i> species was from 14.9%±1.6% (with <i>M. bahli</i> (I)) to 21.8%±2.0 (with <i>M. grandiverticulata</i>) (Table 4).</p>Published as part of <i>Nguyen, Tung T., Lam, Dang H. & Nguyen, Anh D., 2023, A revision of the Metaphire peguana species-group (Oligochaeta: Megascolecidae) from Vietnam, pp. 113-135 in Zootaxa 5255 (1)</i> on pages 129-130, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5255.1.15, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/7744555">http://zenodo.org/record/7744555</a>
Meristotheca lysonensis X.-V. Nguyen, X.-T. Nguyen, Kittle & McDermid 2022
No full textMeristotheca lysonensis X.-V. Nguyen, X.-T. Nguyen, Kittle & McDermid sp. nov. (Figs. 3–14) Holotype: VIETNAM. Quang Ngai: Ly Son Island; 15.3743 ° N; 109.1329 ° E, 15 February 2021, coll. X.- V. Nguyen & X.- T. Nguyen (ION - CS 210215 b, tetrasporophyte, Fig. 3). GenBank accession number for rbc L and COI-5 P: MZ 770759 and MZ 770756 Isotypes: VIETNAM. Ninh Thuan: Thai An; 11.5648 ° N; 109.1269 ° E, 20 February 2021, coll. X.- V. Nguyen & X. - T. Nguyen (ION - CS 210301 b, tetrasporophyte, Fig. 5). GenBank accession number for rbc L and COI-5 P: MZ770761 and MZ770758. VIETNAM. Quang Ngai: Ly Son Island; 15.3743 ° N; 109.1329 ° E, 02 April 2003, coll. H.- D. Nguyen & H.- T. Pham (ION -01011b, male plant, Fig. 6). GenBank accession number for rbc L and COI-5 P: MZ770760 and MZ770757 Habitat: Growing on dead corals in the mid-to lower intertidal zone where subjected to strong wave action. Etymology: The specific epithet refers to Ly Son Island, the type locality of the new species in Viet Nam. Description: Thalli prostrate or forming decumbent prostrate clumps; thallus attached to the substratum by many secondary holdfasts; thalli flattened, gelatinous in texture, deep rose-red to dark red, 10–20 cm tall with small papillae on the surface; divided into many broad segments in an irregularly dichotomous manner with rounded apices, becoming gradually narrower above and tapering below to a cuneate or sometimes cordate or heart-shaped base with a short slender stipe. Mature blades are 1–2 cm broad, margins entire at the beginning, later giving rise to irregularly branched obvious proliferations, broader or narrower intermixed; surface smooth, sometimes roughened by the presence of warty or short spinose processes (Figs 3, 4), pinkish or yellowish when dried (Figs 5, 6). Blades are 1.3–1.8 mm thick in the basal portions (Fig. 7), becoming progressively thinner upward, 320–450 µm thick below the apices (Fig. 8). Thalli are multiaxial and internally consist of a filamentous medulla. In traverse section, the outer cortex consists of 3– 4 layers of small, elongate cells, 12–20 µm in diameter, the inner cortex consists of 4–5 layers of bigger, ellipsoidal, or rounded cells, 40–140 µm in diameter. The medulla occupies about 20–30% of the blade thickness. Axial filaments run parallel to the longitudinal plane of the blade; adjacent axial filaments frequently linked by secondary pit-connections (Fig. 9). Crosswise filaments originate from inner cortical cells and traverse the blade to connect with inner cortical cells of the opposite side (Fig. 10). Tetrasporangia in scattered patches throughout the outer cortex on both dorsal and ventral sides of the entire blade except at tips and lowermost portions. Tetrasporangia are cut off from cortical cells located in the second layer of the outer cortex. In a few cases, tetrasporangial initials appear laterally, pit-connected to their parental cells (Fig. 11). Tetrasporangial initials are basally attached to their supporting parental cortical cells (Fig. 12, solid triangle), and basal pit-connections remain in mature tetrasporangia. Tetrasporangia zonately divided, 10–15 µm diameter and 40–45 µm long (Fig. 13). Spermatangia produced from the outermost cortical cells (Fig. 14). Female gametophytes were not observed. R emarks:A morphological comparison of M. lysonensis and other related species is given in Table 1. Meristotheca lysonensis sp. nov. differs from M. coacta based on M. lysonensis’ larger size and greater blade thickness, blades that do not bear proliferations along the margins, and usually smooth blade margins. M. lysonensis clade habit is compressed to flattened. Pit-connections between tetrasporangial initials and the supporting parental cells change from lateral (young tetrasporangium) to basal (divided tetrasporangium). Meristotheca lysonensis also differs from M. procumbens in terms of thallus size and thickness, and the smaller medulla thickness in cross-sections. Position of pit-connections between tetrasporangial initials and the parental cells differ: basal position in M. lysonensis sp. nov., unlike lateral position in M. procumbens. This new species also differs from M. papulosa because M. lysonensis has many secondary holdfasts compared to single or a few erect blades arising from a discoid holdfast in M. papulosa. There are no branchlets in M. lysonensis whereas M. papulosa shows branchlets.Published as part of Nguyen, Xuan-Vy, Nguyen, Xuan-Thuy & Kittle Iii, Ronald P., 2022, Meristotheca lysonensis sp. nov. (Solieriaceae, Rhodophyta), a new flattened species from Vietnamese waters, pp. 137-148 in Phytotaxa 574 (2) on pages 141-144, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.574.2.2, http://zenodo.org/record/738082
Eumenes congnatus Nguyen, sp. nov.
No full textEumenes congnatus Nguyen, sp. nov. (Figs 7–12) Material examined. Holotype, ♀, “ VIETNAM, Tuyen Quang, Bac Vang Ranger Station, Na Hang Natural Reserve, Na Hang, 22 ° 20 ' 52.6 "N 105 ° 25 ' 49 "E, 10.VI. 2015, LTP Nguyen, DD nguyen & LX Truong [IEBR]. Paratypes: VIETNAM: Ha Giang: 1 ♂, Tung Ba, Vi Xuyen, 3.vii. 2013, TV Nguyen; Bac Kan: 1 ♀, Lang San, Na Ri, 21 0 15 ’N, 106 0 06’E, 270 m, 3-4.viii. 2012, J Kojima, H Nugroho & IED-c; Thai Nguyen: 1 ♂, Xom O, Yen Lac, Phu Luong, 2.vi. 2014, LTP Nguyen; Son La: Lang Son: 1 ♀, Cai Kinh, xi. 2015, LTP Nguyen, DD Nguyen & NT Tran; Son La: 1 ♀, Nam Pam, Muong La, 660 m, 25.vii. 2009, LTP Nguyen, PH Pham & J Kojima; Vinh Phuc: 1 ♂, Tam Dao NP, 21 0 26 ’N, 105 0 37 ’E, 400 m, 20.viii. 2005, J Kojima; Ha Noi: 1 ♂, Suoi Mo, Yen Bai, Ba Vi, 01.vi. 2001, LTP Nguyen Hai Duong: 1 ♀, Hoang Hoa Tham, Chi Linh, 19.viii. 2012, O.T. Nguyen [IEBR]; Lang Son: 3 ♂, Cai Kinh, Huu Lung, 22 ° 39 ' 42.9 "N, 106 ° 15 ' 36 "E, 28 m, 24.xi. 2015, LTP Nguyen, DD Nguyen, NT Tran; Thanh Hoa: 1 ♂, Xuan Lien NR, Hon Can, Van Xuan, Thuong Xuan, 19052 ’ 27.5 ”N, 105014 ’ 20.8 ”E, 106 m, LTP Nguyen; Nguyen; Nghe An: 1 ♀, Pu Mat NP, 26.vii. 2004, LTP Nguyen [VNMN]. Description. Female. Body length 11–12 mm (holotype 11.5 mm); fore wing length 10–11 mm (holotype 10.5 mm). Structure as in Eumenes longus sp. nov., but differs as follows. Head in frontal view slightly wider than high (Fig. 7). Distance between inner eye margins (frontal view) at vertex twice more than at clypeus. Clypeus nearly 1.8 × as highas wide (Fig. 7). Metasomal segment 1 in dorsal view gradually widened from base to apex (Fig. 9), tergum and sternum fused, suture between them distinct almost throughout basal part. T 2 in lateral view as long as wide (Fig. 8). Body with slightly less coarse punctures than in E. longus. Color. Black, with following parts yellow: narrow band along inner eye margin extending from bottom to near ocular sinus, spot between antennal sockets, short line at vertex behind eye, short line at basal margin of dorsal pronotum, apical part of parategula and apical margin of T 1. Legs black. Propodeal valvulae dark brown. Wings dark brown, strongly infuscate, veins dark brown. Male. Body length 10–11 mm; fore wing length 9–10 mm. Structure as in female and male of E. longus but clypeus proportionally longer, in frontal view 2.3 × as long as wide, with sharper teeth (Fig. 10). F 11 propotionaly shorter than in E. longus (Fig. 11). Color as in female. Distribution. Northern Vietnam: Tuyen Quang, Ha Giang, Bac Kan, Thai Nguyen, Son La, Vinh Phuc, Ha Noi, Thanh Hoa, Nghe An. Etymology. The specific name refers to the similarity with its congener E. longus. Remarks. This species is similar to E. longus, but can be easily distinguished from the latter by having T 1 gradually widened from base to apex (gradually widened basally and then parallel in E. longus), T 2 in lateral view as long as wide (1.1 × as long as wide in E. longus), and male clypeus with sharper teeth. This species can be distinguished from two Papuan species by having clypeus nearly 1.8 × as high as wide (less than 1.3 × as high as wide in two Papuan species).Published as part of Nguyen, Lien Thi Phuong, 2016, Two new species of the genus Eumenes Latreille, 1802 (Hymenoptera: Vespidae, Eumeninae) from Vietnam, pp. 583-588 in Zootaxa 4093 (4) on pages 585-587, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4093.4.11, http://zenodo.org/record/27097
Metaphire iranomala Nguyen & Lam & Nguyen 2021, sp. nov.
No full textMetaphire iranomala sp. nov. urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 2ECB8639-C770-4828-92D9-055E0778E422 Figs 1–3, Tables 2–3 Pheretima anomala (non Pheretima anomala Michaelsen, 1907) – Thai et al. 2004: 758. – Nguyen 2014: 108. – Nguyen et al. 2017a: 893, fig. 7; 2017b: 98, fig. 3; Nguyen et al. 2019: 120, fig. 3. Metaphire anomala – Nguyen et al. 2016: 50. Diagnosis Medium-sized worm, length 157–228 mm, diameter 6.5–8.0 mm, segments 85–145. Prostomium epilobous. Clitellum annular, within xiv–xvi. First dorsal pore in 12/13. Four pairs of spermathecal pores on ventrolateral intersegments 5/6/7/8/9. Male pores on the setal ring of segment xix; copulatory pouches present. Genital markings absent. Holandric. Testis sacs connected. Intestinal caeca simple. Septa 8/9/10 absent. Etymology The epithet ‘ iranomala ’ is formed by the prefix ‘ ir ’ and ‘ anomala ’ to emphasise the wrong name ‘ anomala ’ recorded in Vietnam. Material examined Holotype VIETNAM • mature spec.; Ba Ria-Vung Tau Province, Con Dao National Park; 8°42′12″N; 106°35′41″ E; 120 m a.s.l.; 19 Oct. 2019; Nguyen Thanh Tung and Nguyen Thi Bao Ngoc leg.; natural forest; CTU-EW.020.h01. Paratypes VIETNAM • 9 matures; same collection data as for holotype; CTU-EW.020.p02. Other material VIETNAM – Ba Ria-Vung Tau Province • 16 matures; same collection data as for holotype; CTU-EW.020.03 • 10 matures; Con Son Island; 8°41′59″ N, 106°36′54″ E; 10 m a.s.l.; 18 Oct. 2019; Nguyen Thanh Tung and Nguyen Thi Bao Ngoc leg.; residential gardens; CTU-EW.020.04 • 33 matures; Con Son Island; 8°39′53″ N, 106°34′00″ E; 20 m a.s.l.; 19 Oct. 2019; Nguyen Thanh Tung and Nguyen Thi Bao Ngoc leg.; natural forest; CTU-EW.020.05. – Kien Giang Province • 1 mature; Da Dung mountain; 10°25′07″ N, 104°28′46″ E; Nov. 2010; Nguyen Thanh Tung leg.; natural forest; CTU- EW.DNA.020.23 • 49 matures; Lai Son Island; 09°48′01″ N, 104°39′18″ E; Nov. 2013; Trinh Thi Kim Binh leg.; natural forest; CTU-EW.020.11. – An Giang Province • 57 matures; Cam mountain; 10°30′36″ N, 105°00′09″ E; Nov. 2010; Nguyen Thanh Tung leg.; natural forest; CTU-EW.020.12 • 2 matures; Cam mountain; 10°30′36″ N, 105°00′09″ E; Nov. 2010; Nguyen Thanh Tung leg.; natural forest; IEBR-EW.020.22. – Dong Nai Province • 2 matures; Vinh Cuu Nature Reserve; 11°06′46″ N, 107°03′12″ E; Oct. 2019; Nguyen Quoc Nam leg.; natural forest; IEBR-EW.020.18a • 3 matures; Vinh Cuu Nature Reserve; 11°06′46″ N, 107°03′12″ E; Oct. 2019; Nguyen Quoc Nam leg.; natural forest; CTU-EW.DNA.020.18b • 7 matures; Cat Tien National Park; 11°26′05″ N, 107°25′45″ E; Oct. 2013; Le Van Nhan leg.; natural forest; CTU-EW.020.07. – Tay Ninh Province • 1 mature; Duong minh Chau District; 11°22′59″ N, 106°12′00″ E; Sep. 2019; Nguyen Quoc Nam leg.; home garden; IEBR-EW.020.16 • 6 matures; Ba Den mountain; 11°23′26″ N, 106°09′19″ E; Sep. 2019; Nguyen Quoc Nam leg.; mango gardens; CTU-EW.020.17. Description Body cylindrical, large-medium size, length 157–228 mm, diameter 6.5–8.0 mm, segments 85–145, weight 3.0–8.4 gr. Dorsum slightly dark grey, ventrum paler. Prostomium epilobous. First dorsal pore in 12/13. Perichaetine, setae at pre-clitellar segments stouter and sparser than that at post-clitellar segments; setal numbers: 55–62 in viii, 65–71 in xxx, 10–16 between male pores on xix. Setal distance: aa> ab, zz> zy. Clitellum annular, within xiv–xvi, darkish brown, without dorsal pores and setae. Female pore single, mid-ventral in xiv. Four pairs of spermathecal pores on ventrolateral intersegments 5/6/7/8/9. Ventral distance between spermathecal pores ca 0.27–0.3 body circumference. Male pores on copulatory pouches in xix; ventral distance between male pores ca 0.2–0.3 body circumference. Genital markings absent in both spermathecal and male pores region. Septa 5/6/7/8 thickened, 8/9/10 absent, 10/11/12 thin. Oesophageal gizzard between 7/8 and 10/11. Intestine origin at xv; caeca simple, short within xxvii-xxiv. Last hearts in xiii. Pharyngeal micronephridia developed in 5/6/7. Lymph glands absent. Typhlosole simple, lamelliform. Spermathecae paired in vi–ix. Spermathecal ampulla large, mango-shaped; duct about a quarter of ampulla length. Diverticula attached to the base of ampulla ducts; distal part strongly coiled, swollen into coiled sinusoidal seminal chambers. Spermathecal ducts without nephridia. Accessory glands absent in the spermathecal region. Holandric. Testis sacs in x and xi, connected ventrally. Seminal vesicles well developed in xi and xii. Ovaries on septum 12/13 posteriorly. Prostate glands, deeply lobuled, paired in xvii–xxi; prostatic ducts C-shaped. Accessory glands massed, covered the copulatory pouches. DNA barcode COI barcode data (partial) is for the paratypes uploaded to GenBank under the accession numbers MW076191, MW076192, MW076193, MW076194, MW076195, and MW076196. The new species shares the identity of 88.13% and 88.33% with Metaphire anomala (KU262251, KU565252, KU565253, KU565254). Habitat The species was found in leaf-litters or in the top-soil layer, especially in moist places (near streams) or in rocky holes with organic matter. Metaphire iranomala sp. nov. has a soft body, violet light skin when alive. Its moving behavior is similar to a caterpillar locomotion. The species was commonly located in hilly/mountainous areas, but occasionally found in deltas. Variations Metaphire iranomala sp. nov. has two slightly different morphological types. The first type is more likely to be distributed in islands or in coastal provinces in Vietnam; the other type is found in mainland provinces. 1 Freshly collected specimens; 2 Bantaowong et al. (2011); 3 Gates (1925, 1972) and Stephenson (1929); 4 Michaelsen (1907). 1 Goto & Hatai (1899) and Blakemore (2016b); 2 Cognetti (1908). There are not many differences between the two types except the ventral distance between the male pores (0.2–0.22 vs 0.25–0.3). However, the COI genetic distance also distinguishes two types (see below). Remarks The new species has been previously identified as Metaphire anomala. It is widely distributed in Southern Vietnam (Thai et al. 2004; Nguyen 2014; Nguyen et al. 2017a, 2017b, 2019, 2020). However, this species is very different from both the original description (Michaelsen 1907), and re-description of M. anomala from Myanmar (Gates 1925, 1972), Thailand (Bantaowong et al. 2011) in the position of male pores, number and position of spermathecal pores, genital markings in male and spermathecal regions and body size. These differences are summarised in Table 2. A few Metaphire species have been known to exhibit male pores not in segment xviii. Only M. anomala has male pores on xx, whereas two other species, M. isselii Cognetti, 1908 and M. megascolidioides Goto & Hatai, 1899, have male pores on xix. The new species is similar to these two species by having male pores on xix, a first dorsal pore in 12/13 and the absence of genital markings in the spermathecal region. However, the new earthworm species is clearly distinguished by body size, the number and position of spermathecal pores, the morphology of its male region, the status of septum 8/9, and they type of intestinal caeca. The differences are summarised in Table 3.Published as part of Nguyen, Tung T., Lam, Dang H. & Nguyen, Anh D., 2021, Notes on the earthworm species, Metaphire anomala (Michaelsen, 1907) (Clitellata, Megascolecidae) in Southern Vietnam, with descriptions of two new species, pp. 94-111 in European Journal of Taxonomy 746 on pages 98-103, DOI: 10.5852/ejt.2021.746.1321, http://zenodo.org/record/470913
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