44 research outputs found
INTERNATIONALIZATION AND MACROECONOMIC MANAGEMENT IN VIETNAM: SOME LESSONS FROM SWEDISH EXPERIENCES
No full textThe main macroeconomic challenges at the early stages of Vietnam¡¯s economic reforms were related to stability and growth. The main achievements of Doi Moi are also related to the success in meeting these two challenges: Vietnam has managed to combine high growth with reasonable price stability since the early 1990s. However, meeting these challenges has become more difficult over time as new challenges have emerged. In the mid-1990s, economic structure and external balance entered the policy debate. In the late 1990s, the Asian crisis created further problems. In recent years, issues related to social and regional development gaps and investment quality have become important policy objectives. At the same time, it is clear that the instruments for economic policy making have changed. While the challenges of the early 1990s could be handled with various direct interventions like credit ceilings and quantitative trade restrictions, indirect instruments for macroeconomic management are gradually becoming more important. For instance, the choice of exchange rate regime is becoming much more important than in the past. This paper summarizes Vietnam¡¯s macroeconomic development, and illustrates some of the alternative approaches to macroeconomic management in an increasingly internationalized and deregulated environment by recounting some experiences from Swedish macroeconomic management during the past three decades.Vietnam; internationalization; macroeconomic management; growth; stability
Is Vietnam economic paradigm sustainable for catch up
No full textIn the course of catching-up, Vietnam faces risks in two sectors: in real sector and in financial sector. In this paper we focus mostly on risk in real sector: the risk of getting stuck in middle-income trap. Vietnam is still far lagged behind her neighbors and much more further to developed economies. Does the economic paradigm that Vietnam follows in the last two decades allow her to catch up with those economies? We show that Vietnam’s economic growth in the last two decades based essentially on cheap but low skill labor and physical capital. Participation in international and regional production network probably lock Vietnam in low-tech position, hence low value added. If Vietnam keeps on growing in present paradigm, hardly can it catch up the neighboring economies.Flying geese paradigm, VAR models, TFP, Technological improvement, catch-up, Vietnam.
Synthesis of Porous Polysaccharide Particle and their Adsorption Properties
No full text博士(工学)Doctor of Philosophy in Engineering広島大学Hiroshima Universit
Computational Neuroscience with Deep Learning for Brain Imaging Analysis and Behaviour Classification
No full textRecent advances of artificial neural networks and deep learning model have produced significant results in problems related to neuroscience. For example, deep learning models have demonstrated superior performance in non-linear, multivariate pattern classification problems such as Alzheimer’s disease classification, brain lesion segmentation, skull stripping and brain age prediction. Deep learning provides unique advantages for high-dimensional data such as MRI data, since it does not require extensive feature engineering. The thesis investigates three problems related to neuroscience and discuss solutions to those scenarios.
MRI has been used to analyse the structure of the brain and its pathology. However, for ex- ample, due to the heterogeneity of these scanners, MRI protocol, variation in site thermal and power stability can introduce scanning differences and artefacts for the same individual under- going different scans. Therefore combining images from different sites or even different days can introduce biases that obscure the signal of interest or can produce results that could be driven by these differences. An algorithm, the CycleGAN, will be presented and analysed which uses generative adversarial networks to transform a set of images from a given MRI site into images with characteristics of a different MRI site.
Secondly, the MRI scans of the brain can come in the form of different modalities such as T1- weighted and FLAIR which have been used to investigate a wide range of neurological disorders. The acquisition of all of these modalities are expensive, time-consuming, inconvenient and the required modalities are often not available. As a result, these datasets contain large amounts of unpaired data, where examples in the dataset do not contain all modalities. On the other hand, there is a smaller fraction of examples that contain all modalities (paired data). This thesis presents a method to address the issue of translating between two neuroimaging modalities with a dataset of unpaired and paired, in semi-supervised learning framework.
Lastly, behavioural modelling will be considered, where it is associated with an impressive range of decision-making tasks that are designed to index sub-components of psychological and neural computations that are distinct across groups of people, including people with an underlying disease. The thesis proposes a method that learns prototypical behaviours of each population in the form of readily interpretable, subsequences of choices, and classifies subjects by finding signatures of these prototypes in their behaviour
Quantifying organic carbon storage and sources in sediments of Dong Rui mangrove forests, Tien Yen district, Quang Ninh province using carbon stable isotope
No full textThe objective of this study is to quantify the organic carbon (OC) storage and its sources in sediments of Dong Rui mangrove forests, Tien Yen district, Quang Ninh province by analyzing TOC (total organic carbon), TN (total nitrogen), C/N ratios, δ13C isotopes and sediment grain sizes. The results showed that the fine-grained sediment fraction (63 µm) ranged from 8.58 to 82.10%; TOC, TN contents, C/N ratios and δ13C values ranged from 0.21 to 10.20%, 0.01 to 0.34%, 15.07 to 46.09 and –27.75 to –25.84‰, respectively. The variation of δ13C and C/N ratios, and the correlation between TOC, TN and the fine-grained sediment fractions indicated that mangrove forests play important roles in OC sequestration and accumulation of fine-grained sediments. The OC storage in sediments varied from 16.7 to 78.3 MgC ha-1 with an average of 57.2 ±14.9 MgC ha-1. Nowadays, the mangrove forest area in Dong Rui is about 2194.1 ha, thus, the total OC in sediment pool up to 45 cm in depth, contained 1.26(±0.3)×105 MgC, equivalent to 4.6(±1.2)×105 Mg CO2. These results demonstrated that the conservation of Dong Rui mangrove forest not only provides opportunities for coastal protection and disaster mitigation and other provision values, but also enhancing carbon sequestration and offsetting greenhouse gas emissions.References Alongi, D.M., 2011. Carbon payments for mangrove conservation: ecosystem constraints and uncertainties of sequestration potential. Environmental Science Policy 14, 462-470. Alongi, D.M., Sasekumar, A., Chong, V.C., Pfitzner, J., Trott, L.A., Tirendi, F., Dixon, P., Brunskill, G.J., 2004. Sediment accumulation and organic material flux in a managed mangrove ecosystem: estimates of land - ocean - atmosphere exchange in peninsular Malaysia. Marine Geology 208, 383-402. Bouillon, S., Connolly, R., Lee, S., 2008. Organic matter exchange and cycling in mangrove ecosystems: recent insights from stable isotope studies. Journal of Sea Research 59, 44-58. Bouillon, S., Rao, A.V.V.S., Koedam, N., Dahdouh-Guebas, F., Dehairs, F., 2003. Sources of organic carbon in mangrove sediments: variability. Hydrobiologia 495, 33-39. Christensen, B., 1978. Biomass and primary production of Rhizophoraapiculata Bl. in a mangrove in southern Thailand. Aquat Bot 4, 43-52. Donato, D.C., Kauffman, J.B., Murdiyarso, D., Kurnianto, S., Stidham, M., Kanninen, M., 2011. Mangroves among the most carbon - rich forests in the tropics. Nature Geoscience 4, 293-297. Furukawa, K., Wolanski, E., 1996. Sedimentation in mangrove forests. Mangroves Salt Marshes 1, 3-10. Hedges, J.I., Keil, R.G., 1995. Sedimentary organic matter preservation: an assessement and speculative synthesis. Marine Chemistry 49, 137-139. Kauffman, J.B., Donato, D.C., 2012. Protocols for the measurement, monitoring and reporting of structure, biomass and carbon stocks in mangrove forests, 86 pp., Center for International Forest Research, Bogor, Indonesia. Kristensen, E., Bouillon, S., Dittmar, T., Marchand, C., 2008. Organic carbon dynamics in mangrove ecosystems: A review. Aquat Bot 89, 201-209. Lamb, A., Wilson, G., Leng, M., 2006. A review of coastal palaeoclimate and relative sea-level reconstructions using δ13C and C/N ratios in organic material. Earth Science Reviews 75, 29-57. Lovelock, C.E., Ruess, R.W., Feller, I.C., 2011. CO2 efflux from cleared mangrove peat. PLoS ONE 6, 1-4. Ong, J.E., 1993. Mangroves - a carbon source and sink. Chemosphere 27, 1097-1107. Quy, T.D., Tue, N.T., 2011. Spatial distribution of total organic carbon (TOC), total nitrogen (TN), TOC/TN ratio, and stable carbon isotopes value (δ13C) in surface sediments of Tien Yen Bay, northeast Vietnam. Vietnam Journal of Earth Sciences 33, 615-624 (In Vietnamese). Reimers, C.E., Suess, E., 1983. The partitioning of organic carbon fluxes and sedimentary organic matter decomposition rates in the ocean. Marine Chemistry 13, 141-168. Richard, M., Angus, M., Tim, H., 2011. The potential for mangrove carbon projects in Vietnam. SNV REDD+, Hanoi. Schumacher, B.A., 2002. Methods for the determination of total organic carbon in soils and sediments. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington. Siikamäki, J., Sanchirico, N., Jardine, J., McLaughlin, S., Morris, D.F., 2012. Blue carbon: global options for reducing emissions from the degradation and development of coastal ecosystems. Resources for future, Washington. Spalding, M., Kainuma, M., Collins, L., 2010. World atlas of mangroves. Earthscan from Routledge, London. Tuan, H.V., Quy, T.D., Vuong, N.V., Nhuan, M.T., 2012. Orientation of functional zoning for sustainable use of environment and natural resources in Tien Yen Bay. Vietnam Journal of Earth Sciences 34, 486-494 (In Vietnamese). Tuan, M.S., Hanh, N.T.H., 2009. Carbon accumulation of Kandeliaobovata (Sheue, Liu Yong) plantation in the coastal area of Giao Thuy district, Nam Dinh province. Journal of Biology 31, 57-65 (In Vietnamese). Tue, N.T., Dung, L.V., Nhuan, M.T., Omori, K., 2014. Carbon storage of a tropical mangrove forest in Mui Ca Mau National Park, Vietnam. Catena 121, 119-126. Tue, N.T., Hamaoka, H., Sogabe, A., Quy, T.D., Nhuan, M.T., Omori, K., 2011. The application of δ13C and C/N ratios as indicators of organic carbon sources and paleoenvironmental change of the mangrove ecosystem from Ba Lat Estuary, Red River, Vietnam. Environmental Earth Sciences 64, 1475-1486. Tue, N.T., Ngoc., N.T., Quy, T.D., Hamaok, H., Nhuan, M.T., Omori, K., 2012. A cross-system analysis of sedimentary organic carbon in the mangrove ecosystems of Xuan Thuy National Park, Vietnam. Journal of Sea Research 67, 69-76. Van Santen, P., Augustinus, P., Janssen-Stelder, B., Quartel, S., Tri, N., 2007. Sedimentation in an estuarine mangrove system. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences 29, 566-575
Performance of filterbank multicarrier/offset quadrature amplitude modulation under non-Gaussian additive noise
No full textEmerg Infect Dis
No full text089276/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom095831/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom100087/Wellcome Trust/United KingdomWT/093724/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdo
Porous pectin particle formation utilizing spray drying with a three-fluid nozzle
No full textThe development of advanced porous particles with a high surface area and interconnected porosity is pivotal in material science for various applications. Pectin, a biocompatible and biodegradable polysaccharide, has shown promise for the synthesis of porous particles, especially in the biomedical and food industries. The high viscosity of pectin and CaCO3 nanoparticle (NP) solutions has been a significant challenge for producing these particles. This study introduces a novel spray drying technique with a three-fluid nozzle, designed to handle high-viscosity solutions and to increase production rates by 30-fold over the conventional two-fluid nozzle. Using the proposed technique, notable improvements are achieved in particle surface areas and pore volumes by controlling the distribution of CaCO3 NPs within the pectin particles, especially at a CaCO3 NPs to pectin ratio of 15. This resulted in porous pectin particles with sizes of 3.4 to 6.2 μm, surface areas of up to 261 m2/g, and enhanced lysozyme adsorption capacities are obtained by varying types of precursor solutions. Thus, this approach facilitates the synthesis of multifunctional composites and porous particles.This work was supported by JST, the establishment of university fellowships toward the Creation of Science Technology Innovation, Grant Number JPMJFS2129 (T.T.N)
PBDEs and novel brominated flame retardants in road dust from northern Vietnam: Levels, congener profiles, emission sources and implications for human exposure
No full textEnhanced Protein Adsorption Capacity of Macroporous Pectin Particles with High Specific Surface Area and an Interconnected Pore Network
No full textThere has been much interest in developing protein adsorbents using nanostructured particles, which can be engineered porous materials with fine control of the surface and pore structures. A significant challenge in designing porous adsorbents is the high percentage of available binding sites in the pores owing to their large surface areas and interconnected pore networks. In this study, continuing the idea of using porous materials derived from natural polymers toward the goal of sustainable development, porous pectin particles are reported. The template-assisted spray drying method using calcium carbonate (CaCO3) as a template for pore formation was applied to prepare porous pectin particles. The specific surface area was controlled from 177.0 to 222.3 m2 g-1 by adjusting the CaCO3 concentration. In addition, the effects of a macroporous structure, the specific surface area, and an interconnected pore network on the protein (lysozyme) adsorption capacity and adsorption mechanism were investigated. All porous pectin particles performed rapid adsorption (∼65% total capacity within 5 min) and high adsorption capacity, increasing from 1543 to the highest value of 2621 mg g-1. The results are attributed to the high percentage of available binding sites located in the macropores owing to their large surface areas and interconnected pore networks. The macroporous particles obtained in this study showed a higher adsorption capacity (2621 mg g-1) for lysozyme than other adsorbents. Moreover, the rapid uptake and high performance of this material show its potential as an advanced adsorbent for various macromolecules in the food and pharmaceutical fields
