3,879 research outputs found
Performance of export-oriented small and medium-sized manufacturing enterprises in Viet Nam
Get PDFThe study recommends the formulation of policies that support the development of business linkages and networking, and which promote subcontracting arrangements between small and large enterprises or between domestic firms and foreign investment enterprises. It is also necessary to support and facilitate the direct involvement of SMMEs in exporting or indirectly through large manufacturing enterprises.Export-oriented, SME,SMME, Viet Nam
Health and access to health services of rural-to-urban migrant populations in Viet Nam
Get PDFViet Nam has increasing internal migration since the Renovation (Doi Moi) in 1986. Migration flows – particularly rural-to-urban migration – have positive and negative effects to migrants, their family, and socio-economics in their places of origin and of destination. On the one hand, migration is an opportunity for improving wages of migrants, for ensuring economic security of their family, and for contributing to social and economic developments of the country. On the other hand, migration bears risks to migrants – especially health-related risks – and pressures on infrastructure development and social services at destinations. Many studies on health issues of migrants suggested that rural-to-urban migrants are more vulnerable to ill-health and have less access to health services than non-migrants. However, studies up to date did not use population-based and comparative approaches between migrant and non-migrant populations nor validated study tools. The studies of this dissertation examined the health status of non-migrants and 03 groups of rural-to-urban migrants: migrants working in industrial zones (IZ), migrants working in private small enterprise (PSE), and seasonal migrants. In addition, studies have assessed the access to health services and identified barriers to the access of migrants.
The dissertation used a mixed qualitative-quantitative approach in four subsequent study phases. Phase 1 analyzed secondary data from the 1989, 1999, and 2009 national censuses to characterize trends and patterns of rural-to-urban migration in Viet Nam. We could show that inter-provincial migration flows have changed dramatically over time. There was an increase in relative and absolute migration flows, an inversion of the male-female ratio with higher proportions of women in 2009 than in previous years, and a decrease in the average age of migrants. We could also confirm the relationship between migration and provincial socio-economic status (i.e. monthly income per capita) and urbanization (i.e. proportion of urban population). These findings reflect an unequally growing labor market in Vietnamese provinces. The increase of migration flows challenges the national health system to ensure access to health care services and health insurances, as well as to develop health services adapted to these populations.
In Phase 2 we have evaluated the health status of migrants by using the Short Form 36 version 2 (SF-36v2). The SF-36v2 is a validated and widely used health status assessment form. In this phase, we have also compared health status and the access to health services of migrants with those of non-migrants. Findings confirmed the reliability of the Vietnamese SF-36v2. Findings also showed that seasonal migrants were more likely to have physical ill-health than other groups, while migrants working in IZ were more likely to have mental ill-health than non-migrants and other migrant populations. Health insurance registration was an important factor related to the utilization of health care services and migrants were less likely to use health services than non-migrants in the same municipalities.
Among migrant populations, seasonal migrants had the lowest health service utilization frequency. Indeed, low income is the main obstacle of the utilization of health care services for seasonal migrants. The outcomes of this are that they pay less attention to their health, attend in available health programs at the destination, and are less health care insured. These, in return, encourage self-treatment of seasonal migrants.
Findings from Phase 1 and Phase 2 also showed that female migrants accounted for the highest proportion of the whole migrant population. They faced many health risks, particularly reproductive health of female migrants working in IZ. Phase 3, therefore, focused on the evaluation of access to health services for reproductive tract infections (RTIs) among female migrants working in IZ. Findings of this phase showed that health insurance was an important factor influencing the utilization of health services, but also social-cultural factors such as traditional norms – that integrate reproductive health problems with sexual relationship. The latter led to shame of female migrants to seek health services for RTIs and other reproductive health services. Finally, in Phase 4, we have designed an intervention proposal for improved utilization of reproductive health services for female migrants aged 18-49 working in IZ in Viet Nam. This intervention program will use available resources and should increase health insurance coverage and their application to reproductive health care services of female migrants. It also aims to increase knowledge of these health issues and possibilities of the access to health care services of female migrants.
Based on the findings of my dissertation, I could formulate recommendations for future interventions and research, for policy makers, health service providers at destination, employers of migrants, and migrants. Briefly, policy makers should recognize that migrants are vulnerable to ill-health, including both physical and mental health. For specific interventions such as reproductive health (e.g. RTIs) they are a priority group. Health service providers should integrate adapted health programs for migrants into their routine health programs, for example, periodic gynaecological examination programs, expanded program on immunization (EPI), and other health promotion programs – which better ensures sustainability of intervention programs. Employers should comply with laws of social and health insurance for employees, especially migrant employees. Moreover, they should strengthen the capacity of their health care units and collaborate with local health systems to provide health care services to migrant employees. Finally, migrants should register for temporary residence at the destination because this will provide them rights in accessing social and health services. Also, they should have knowledge about benefits of health insurance and available kinds of health insurances. Migrants should have better access to health promotion programs and pay more attention to their health
Nguyên Duc Nhuân, Vo Nhân Tri, Marcel Autret, Lê Thành Khôi, Phan Thi Dac, Trinh Van Thao, Nguyên Khac Viên, Le Viet-Nam post-révolutionnaire. Population. Économie. Société, 1975-1985
No full textNam Tran Nguyen Trong. Nguyên Duc Nhuân, Vo Nhân Tri, Marcel Autret, Lê Thành Khôi, Phan Thi Dac, Trinh Van Thao, Nguyên Khac Viên, Le Viet-Nam post-révolutionnaire. Population. Économie. Société, 1975-1985. In: Tiers-Monde, tome 29, n°116, 1988. Le logement des pauvres dans les grandes villes du Tiers Monde, sous la direction de Michel Rochefort. p. 1273
Managing Success in Viet Nam: Macroeconomic Consequences of Large Capital Inflows with Limited Policy Tools
Get PDFViet Nam has experienced spectacular economic growth over the past decade, in part the result of massive foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows. Although much has been written on the impacts of FDI in developing countries, previous studies have generally ignored macroeconomic consequences in cost-benefit assessments. These macroeconomic aspects can be particularly important in transitional economies like Viet Nam, where some of the tools for macroeconomic stabilization may be blunt or unavailable. First, capital inflow growth needs to be accommodated by real exchange rate appreciation. In dollarized economies like Viet Nam, the nominal exchange rate cannot be relied upon to deliver it, so inflation usually results. In these economies, it is also difficult for the central bank to conduct open market operations to sterilize large capital inflows or mop up excess liquidity. Again, this could feed inflation. The combination of a young and inexperienced banking system and an investment-hungry state-owned enterprises (SOE) sector only exacerbates the situation, and increases the risk of imbalances that could result in crisis.capital inflow; macroeconomic adjustment; FDI; real exchange rate; Viet Nam
Supplemental Material—The suitability of teaching profession for pedagogical students: The Vietnamese view
No full textSupplemental Material for The suitability of teaching profession for pedagogical students: The Vietnamese view by Nam Danh Nguyen in Policy Futures in Education.</p
Pheretima vungtauensis Nguyen & Nguyen & Nguyen 2018, sp. nov.
No full textPheretima vungtauensis sp. nov. (Figure 1) Material examined. HOLOTYPE: mature Specimen (CTU-EW.166.h01) banana plantation (10o44’57.6 N; 107o14’35.1 E), 206 m aSl, Xa Bang commune, Chau Duc DiStrict, Ba Ria—Vung Tau Province, 25 October 2016, leg. Truong Thuy Ai. PARATYPES: 2 matureS (CTU-EW.166.p02) Same data aS for holotype; 1 mature (CTU- EW.166.p03) Anacardium occidentale plantation (10o39’42.7 N; 107o09’23.0 E), 107 m aSl, Lang Lon commune, Chau Duc DiStrict, Ba Ria—Vung Tau Province, 24 October 2016, leg. Truong Thuy Ai; 1 mature (CTU- EW.166.p04), banana plantation (10o38’25.3 N; 107o21’00 E), 62 m aSl, Son Binh commune, Chau Duc DiStrict, Ba Ria—Vung Tau Province, 25 October 2016, leg. Truong Thuy Ai; 1 mature (CTU-EW.166.p05), Anacardium occidentale plantation (10o38’38.0 N; 107o06’50.0 E), 62 m aSl, Hac Dich commune, Tan Thanh DiStrict, Ba Ria— Vung Tau Province, 24 October 2016, leg. Nguyen Phuc Hau; 2 matureS (CTU-EW.166.p06), near the road (10o29’09.2 N; 107o10’54.6 E), 75 m aSl, Hac Dich commune, Tan Thanh DiStrict, Ba Ria—Vung Tau Province, 24 October 2016, leg. Nguyen Phuc Hau; 1 mature (CTU-EW.166.p07), on the way to the Bao Quan Mountain (10o35’39.2 N; 107o07’24.0 E), 59 m aSl, Toc Tien commune, Tan Thanh DiStrict, Ba Ria—Vung Tau Province, 24 October 2016, leg. Nguyen Phuc Hau. Diagnosis. Medium Size, length 132–169 mm, diameter 4.1–6.1 mm, weight 1.64–3.39 gr (in formalin), and SegmentS 91–125. Three pairS of Spermathecal poreS in interSegmentS 6/7/8/9. Micronephridia Surrounding duct of ampulla. Copulatory poucheS preSent. Ventral diStance between male poreS about 0.35x body circumference. No genital markingS in both Spermathecal and male regionS. InteSt nal origin at xv; caeca Simple, originating at xxvii. TyphloSole Simple, lamelliform. Lymph glandS from 15/16. Holandric. Etymology. Named after the province Ba Ria-Vung Tau where the SpecieS iS widely diStributed. Description. External characters: Body cylindrical; medium Size, length 132–169 mm, diameter 4.1–6.1 mm, weight 1.64–3.39 gr, SegmentS 91–125 (N=9). DorSum greyiSh brown, ventrum paler. ProStomium 1/2 epilobouS (open). FirSt dorSal pore in 11/12 or 12/13. Preclitellar Setae Stouter and SparSer than poStclitellar Setae, 31–49 in viii, 57–82 in xxv, 11–17 Setae between two male porophoreS (N=9); Setal diStance aa = 1.5–2.5ab, zz = 1.5–2zy. Clitellum annular, xiv–xvi, without dorSal poreS and Setae. Female pore Single, in mid-ventral xiv. Three pairS of Spermathecal poreS in interSegmentS 6/7/8/9; ventral diStance between Spermathecal poreS approximately 0.4x body circumference. Male poreS located inSide copulatory poucheS on the Setal ring xviii; ventral diStance between male poreS about 0.35x body circumference. Genital markingS abSent in both Spermathecal and male pore regionS. Internal characters: Septa 5/6/7/8 thick, 8/9/10 abSent, 10/11/12 /13 Slightly thick. OeSophageal gizzard within viii–x. InteStinal origin at xv; caeca Simple, originating at xxvii, and extending anteriorly to xxiv or xxiii. LaSt heartS in xiii. Pharyngeal micronephridia developed in 5/6/7. TyphloSole Simple, lamelliform. Lymph glandS bag- Shaped, from 15/16. Three pairS of Spermathecae in vii–ix. Ampulla large, egg-Shaped; duct Short, ca. 1/3 ampulla length, Somewhat conStricted in the middle; micronephridia Surrounding duct of ampulla, moSt developed in Spermathecae at 6/7. Diverticulum Shorter than ampulla in Situ, but longer when extended, Strongly folded, directly attached to the middle of ampulla duct; diStal part of diverticulum enlarged to be a Small, oval-Shaped Seminal chamber. AcceSSory glandS 2–3, Small, muSroom-Shaped; duct long, attached to baSe of ampulla. Holandric. TeStiS SacS developed in x and xi, unconnected. Seminal veSicleS well developed in xi–xii. OvarieS inviSible; oviduct well developed after Septum 12/13. ProState glandS deeply lobuled, paired in xvi–xix; proStatic ductS long, Somewhat enlarge in middle, open in large chamber. AcceSSory glandS large and covering copulatory pouch. DNA barcodes. A 660bp fragment of the mitochondrial gene Cytochrome c oxydaSe Subunit I waS Sequenced from the holotype, and uploaded to GenBank with the acceSSion number MF481211. TABLE]. Morphological comparison of P.vungtauensis sp nov. with similar species within the P. dubia species group. All species lack genital markings in the spermathecal anđ male pores region. AG: accessory glanđs. MP: Male pores. Remarks. The new SpecieS can be keyed to the dubia group in SimS & EaSton (1972) characteriSed by having three pairS of Spermathecal poreS in interSegmentS 6/7/8/9. ThiS group currently conSiStS of ten SpecieS, Pheretima dubia HorSt, 1893, P. korinchiana Cognetti, 1922, P. poiana MichaelSen, 1913, all from IndoneSia; P. philippina RoSa, 1891, P. callosa GateS, 1937, P. balbalanensis Hong & JameS, 2010, P. banaoi Hong & JameS, 2010, P. globosa Hong & JameS, 2011, P. julkai Hong & JameS, 2011, P. lamaganensis Hong & JameS, 2011, all from the PhilippineS. Morphological differenceS among theSe SpecieS are Summarized in Table 1. Among theSe SpecieS, the new SpecieS iS fairly Similar to Pheretima balbalensis, P. banaoi, P. julkai, and P. lamaganensis, all from the PhilippineS, in having three pairS of Spermathecal poreS in interSegmentS 6/7/8/9, no genital markingS in Spermathecal and male regionS, and inteStinal caeca Simple. Pheretima balbalanensis iS diStinguiShed by inteStine beginning in xvi, caeca from xxviii, typhloSole veStigial, lymph glandS from xxviii, whereaS P. vungtauensis sp. nov. haS inteStine originating at xv, caeca from xvii, typhloSole lamelliform, bag- Shaped lymph glandS from 15/16. The new SpecieS iS different from P. banaoi in larger ventral diStance between maleS porophoreS (0.35x circumference vS. 0.19–0.22x), inteStinal origin (xv vS. xvi), the beginning of lymph glandS (15/16 vS. xxviii), form of typhloSole (lamelliform vS. Simple fold). The new SpecieS alSo differS from P. julkai and Ph. lamaganensis in ventral diStance between male poreS (0.35x circumference vS. 0.2–0.23x or 0.21– 0.22x), poSition of gizzard (viii–ix vS. viii), inteStinal origin (xv vS. xvi), typhloSole (lamelliform vS. abSent). Morphologically, the new SpecieS iS particularly Similar to Metaphire houlleti (Perrier, 1872) in body Shape, three pairS of Spermathecal poreS in interSegmentS 6/7/8/9, preSence of copulatory poucheS, Shape of Spermathecal ampulla and diverticulum, and preSence of aSSeSSory glandS in Spermathecal and male regionS (Perrier 1872). However, Pheretima vungtauensis sp. nov. iS diStinctly different from M. houlleti in having micronephridia on the Spermathecal ductS, and in the abSence of genital markingS in Spermathecal and male regionS. M. houlleti iS recogniSed by abSence of micronephridia on Spermathecal ductS, and preSence of Small genital markingS inSide Spermathecal and maleS poreS (Blakemore 2016). Molecular comparison. Due to theSe morphological SimilaritieS, the COI SequenceS from SpecimenS identified aS M. houlleti were included in the molecular analySiS. BaSed on COI SequenceS, the new SpecieS, Pheretima vungtauensis sp. nov., iS more cloSely related to M. houlleti than to other SpecieS of Pheretima; the holotype of the new SpecieS iS neSted within a clade formed by SpecimenS identified aS Metaphire houlleti (Fig. 2). It iS cloSely related to a Metaphire houlleti group from Thailand (II) with bootStrap and BI valueS of 88% and 1.00 BPP, reSpectively. However, the Kimura 2-parameter (K2P) diStance between the new SpecieS and Metaphire houlleti from Thailand (II) varieS from 0.148 to 0.2 (Table 2). ThiS diStance iS relatively cloSe to or higher than that for SpecieS delimination uSing COI barcodeS (0.15) aS diScuSSed in Chang & JameS (2011) and Jerathitikul et al. (2017). In addition, Metaphire houlleti nominal SpecieS iS branched into three cladeS, Vietnam + India + Philippine, Thailand (I) and Thailand (II). Each clade iS clearly different from otherS in genetic diStance (ranging from 0.175 to 0.222). Of theSe, two cladeS (Thailand I and II) are Separated with good Support of bootStrap and BI valueS of 70% and 0.99 BPP, reSpectively. BeSideS, Blakemore (2016) reportS on a 19% COI difference between two SpecimenS of M. houlleti, one from Thailand, the other one from the PhilippineS, indicating a "molecular SpecieS-group" (ibd.). Furthermore, Jeratthitikul et al. (2017) alSo Stated that M. houlleti nominal SpecieS containS Several new cryptic SpecieS. We agree that the nominal SpecieS M. houlleti needS to be reviSed baSed on SpecimenS collected from different regionS.Published as part of Nguyen, Tung T., Nguyen, Nam Q. & Nguyen, Anh D., 2018, First record of the earthworm genus Pheretima Kinberg, 1867 sensu stricto in Vietnam, with description of a new species (Annelida: Clitellata: Megascolecidae), pp. 251-258 in Zootaxa 4496 (1) on pages 252-257, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4496.1.20, http://zenodo.org/record/144679
Raphiocarpus taygiangensis C. H. Nguyen, K. S. Nguyen & Aver.
No full text<p> 8. <i>Raphiocarpus taygiangensis</i> C.H.Nguyen, K.S.Nguyen & Aver. in Nguyen <i>et al.</i> (2023: 21).</p> <p> <b>Type:</b> <i>—</i> VIETNAM. Quang Nam: Tay Giang District, A Xan Village, 1270 m, around point 15°48’57”N 107°19’47”E, 20 April 2022, <i>C.H.Nguyen</i> et al. CKH 2022042068 (holotype VNF, isotypes HN, LE!)</p> <p> <b>Distribution</b>:—The species is endemic to Vietnam, known on the basis of the only type collection in Quang Nam Province.</p> <p> <b>Ecology and phenology</b>:—It grows in evergreen broad-leaved submontane forests on granite and shale at elevations of about 1300 m a.s.l. Flowers in April–May.</p> <p> <b>Conservation status</b>:—Up to date, only one population of this species is currently known. Considering the small population size (less than 500 mature individuals growing on an area less than 5 km 2) and fragile habitat, the species conservation status was preliminarily assessed as Vulnerable (VU D2) according to the criteria of IUCN 2023 (Nguyen <i>et al.</i> 2023). No additional data become available since this assessment.</p>Published as part of <i>Nguyen, Cuong Huu, Wen, Fang, Pham, Toai Minh, Nguyen, Yen Thi, Bui, Thanh Minh, Bui, Doi The, Nguyen, Khang Sinh & Averyanov, Leonid V., 2023, The checklist of Raphiocarpus species (Gesneriaceae, Didymocarpinae) in the flora of Vietnam with the description of a new species, R. bicallosus, pp. 223-234 in Phytotaxa 616 (3)</i> on page 231, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.616.3.2, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/10084863">http://zenodo.org/record/10084863</a>
Le Thanh Khoi (G.) Le Viet-Nam. Histoire et Civilisation
No full textTran Huan Nguyen. Le Thanh Khoi (G.) Le Viet-Nam. Histoire et Civilisation. In: Archives de sociologie des religions, n°1, 1956. p. 212
Assessing the impact of rice policy changes in Viet Nam and the contribution of policy research:
Get PDFThe marketing and policy research on rice of the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) is described, and the conclusions and recommendations are discussed in the context of the decisionmaking processes in Viet Nam. The role of IFPRI's publication and communications in informing the policy environment are discussed. The author describes the perceptions of partners and stakeholders of the influence of the outcomes of the IFPRI project. They show that the research was regarded as being of high quality, independent, rigorous, and timely. A strong foundation of primary and secondary data gathering and analysis from Viet Nam gave the modeling work on policy options a high degree of credibility among key policymakers. Linking the spatial equilibrium model with income distribution analysis based on national household surveys allowed IFPRI to satisfy policymakers that relaxing rice export quotas and internal trade restrictions on rice would not adversely impact on regional disparities and food security and would have beneficial effects on farm pricesand poverty, giving a degree of confidence to policymakers that relaxing the controls would be in Viet Nam's national interest. They made these decisions earlier than would have been the case without the IFPRI research. A framework for the evaluation of policy research and advice is described, which explicitly recognizes the possibility of alternative suppliers of these two components to IFPRI. The framework is used to assess the impact of IFPRI's research with Viet Nam on alternative internal and external trade policies for rice in that country. The policy assessment framework is used to measure the economic impact of the policy changes, and the contribution of IFPRI's work with Viet Nam on the policies from 1995–97. Around 40 percent of the contribution of IFPRI is estimated to have accrued to the rest of the world as Viet Nam is now a major player in world rice trade.Research., Agricultural policies., Rice., Viet Nam., Vietnam, Impact assessment,
Metaphire setosa Nguyen & Nguyen & Lam & Nguyen 2020, new species
No full text<i>Metaphire setosa</i>, new species <p>(Figs. 1, 6)</p> <p> <b>Material examined.</b> Holotype: 1 mature (CTU-EW.179. h01), bushes (11°34′2.2″N, 106°35′46.9″E), 84.9 m, Tan Khai commune, Hon Quan District, Binh Phuoc Province, 26 October 2017, coll. Luong Thi Huynh Tien. Paratypes: 6 matures (CTU-EW.179.p02), same data as holotype.</p> <p> <b>Diagnosis.</b> Small-sized worm, length 57.0– 73.5 mm, average diameter 1.6–3.2 mm. Prostomium not developed. First dorsal pore in 13/14. Three pairs of spermathecal pores in ventral 6/7/8/9. Setae unusual, arranged as two setal rings. Clitellum saddle-shaped, xiv–xvi. Male pores deeply located inside copulatory pouches in the setal ring xix. Five pairs of genital markings in xvi–xviii and xxi–xxii. Holandric. Intestinal caeca simple. Septum 8/9 thick, 9/10 absent.</p> <p> <b>Description.</b> Body cylindrical, small size, length 57.0– 73.5 mm, average diameter 1.6–3.2 mm, weight 0.5–1.6 g, segments 94–121. Body pale. Prostomium not developed. First dorsal pore in 13/14. Setae unusual, arranged as two setal rings, more obvious on ventral side; pre-clitellar setae stouter and denser than post-clitellar ones; setal number 119–135 in viii, 27–42 in xxx; setal distance aa=ab, zz=zy. Clitellum saddle-shaped, xiv–xvi without setae and dorsal pores. Female pore single, on round disc-shaped pad in midventral xiv.</p> <p>Three pairs of spermathecal pores in dorsal intersegments 6/7/8/9; two bean-shaped pads surrounding each spermathecal pore. No genital markings in the spermathecal region. Male pores located deeply inside copulatory pouches in the setal ring xix. Ventral distance between two openings of copulatory pouches about 0.35× body circumference. Genital markings paired ventrally in xvi–xviii and xx–xxi, one pair in each segment.</p> <p>Septa 6/7/8/9 thick, 9/10 absent, 10/11/12/13 thin. Oesophageal gizzard after viii. Intestinal origin at xv; caeca simple, paired in xxvii–xxv. Last hearts in xiii. Pharyngeal micronephridia developed in 5/6/7. Typhlosole simple, lamelliform. Lymph glands absent.</p> <p>Three pairs of spermathecae in vii–ix. Ampulla large, mushroom-shaped; ducts long, about ½ ampulla length. Diverticula longer than ampulla, folded and directly attached to the base of ampulla duct; seminal chamber long, bulletshaped. Spermathecal ducts without nephridia. No accessory glands.</p> <p>Holandric. Testis sacs in x and xi, connected. Seminal vesicles developed in xi and xii. Ovaries in 12/13. Ovisacs invisible. Prostate glands deeply lobuled, paired in xviii–xx; duct long, folded before entering copulatory pouch which is slightly elevated from body wall. Five pairs of accessory glands.</p> <p> <b>DNA barcode.</b> The amplification of the mitochondrial gene cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) failed.</p> <p> <b>Etymology.</b> The specific epithet “ <i>setosa</i> ” alludes to the unusual setal arrangement on this earthworm. It is used as an adjective.</p> <p> <b>Remarks.</b> The new species is very unique among known <i>Metaphire</i> species, with regard to its saddle-shaped clitellum and setal arrangement. There has been no report on <i>Metaphire</i> species with saddle-shaped clitellum. More interestingly, the setal pattern is completely different from all known pheretimoid species in Vietnam. The unusual setal pattern was only seen in the <i>Amynthas polyperichaeta</i> (Thai, 1984). The male region was finely coarse with dense setae which was known as the setal zone.</p>Published as part of <i>Nguyen, Tung T., Nguyen, Nam Q., Lam, Dang H. & Nguyen, Anh D., 2020, Six new species of the genus Metaphire Sims & Easton, 1972 (Annelida: Oligochaeta: Megascolecidae) from southeastern Vietnam, pp. 220-236 in Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 68</i> on pages 230-232, DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2020-0019, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/4577217">http://zenodo.org/record/4577217</a>
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