17,198 research outputs found
How to Improve Diagnosis of Thyroid Nodule Classified as Bethesda III?
No full textBackground: The cases classified as Bethesda III - Atypia of Undetermined Significance (AUS)/Follicular Lesion of Undetermined Significance (FLUS) are seen as a “gray zone” in thyroid cytopathology. Many previous studies have shown a wide variation in malignancy rates of Bethesda III thyroid nodules in different regions and institutions across the world. Objective: We want to describe the differential malignancy rates of FNACs diagnosed as Bethesda III based on cytological sub-classification and to assess the significance of demographic and ultrasonographic features in predicting malignancy in this category.
Material and Methods: A retrospective review was performed on all patients with thyroid nodules proven Bethesda category III who presented to our department from 01/2020 to 12/2021. We further classified these thyroid nodules into subgroup of Bethesda III, including AUS (cytologic atypia, cytologic and architectural atypia, Hürthle cell aspirates) and FLUS.
Results: In this study, there were 107 patients with 109 thyroid nodules that underwent surgery. Risk of malignancy (ROM) of Bethesda III thyroid nodules is 26.6%. An ACR – TIRADS score greater than or equal to 6 points had a predictive value for postoperative malignancy of Bethesda III thyroid nodules with sensitivity of 72.4% and specificity of 92.5%. The malignancy rate for nodules that featured cytologic atypia was significantly higher at 52.3% than the rate for nodules that had others atypia (p <0.001). Specifically, ROM of thyroid nodules with ACR – TIRADS score greater than or equal to 6 points and “focal cytologic atypia” – a subgroup of “cytology atypia” group – were up to 100%.
Conclusions: Bethesda III thyroid nodules with focal cytologic atypia and ACR – TIRADS score greater than or equal to 6 points were at high risk of malignancy. Those patients should undergo diagnostic surgical excision for definitive diagnosis and treatment.Full Tex
Shapley-Value based Inductive Conformal Prediction
No full textShapley values of individual instances were recently proposed for the problem of data valuation. They were defined as the average marginal instance contributions to the performance of a given predictor. In this paper we propose to use Shapley values of individual instances as conformity scores. To compute these values efficiently and exactly we employ a standard algorithm based on nearest neighbor classification and propose a variant of this algorithm for clustered data. Both variants are used for computing Shapley conformity scores for inductive conformal predictors. The experiments show that the Shapley-value conformity scores result in smaller prediction sets for significance level epsilon <= 0:1 compared with those produced by standard conformity scores (i.e. similarity between true and predicted output values)
Shapley-Value based Inductive Conformal Prediction
No full textShapley values of individual instances were recently proposed for the problem of data valuation. They were defined as the average marginal instance contributions to the performance of a given predictor. In this paper we propose to use Shapley values of individual instances as conformity scores. To compute these values efficiently and exactly we employ a standard algorithm based on nearest neighbor classification and propose a variant of this algorithm for clustered data. Both variants are used for computing Shapley conformity scores for inductive conformal predictors. The experiments show that the Shapley-value conformity scores result in smaller prediction sets for significance level epsilon <= 0:1 compared with those produced by standard conformity scores (i.e. similarity between true and predicted output values)
Shapley-Value based Inductive Conformal Prediction
No full textShapley values of individual instances were recently proposed for the problem of data valuation. They were defined as the average marginal instance contributions to the performance of a given predictor. In this paper we propose to use Shapley values of individual instances as conformity scores. To compute these values efficiently and exactly we employ a standard algorithm based on nearest neighbor classification and propose a variant of this algorithm for clustered data. Both variants are used for computing Shapley conformity scores for inductive conformal predictors. The experiments show that the Shapley-value conformity scores result in smaller prediction sets for significance level epsilon <= 0:1 compared with those produced by standard conformity scores (i.e. similarity between true and predicted output values)
Leptolalax ardens Rowley & Tran & Le & Dau & Peloso & Nguyen & Hoang & Nguyen & Ziegler 2016, sp. nov.
No full textLeptolalax ardens sp. nov. Figs. 7D, 9A, 10. Holotype. VNMN 04707/AMS R 176454, adult male, calling on clay bank 1.5 m from headwaters of 1–2m wide rocky, medium gradient, high–flow stream in evergreen forest in Kon Ka Kinh National Park, Gia Lai Province, Vietnam (14.2258º N, 108.3230º E; 1162 m elevation, Fig. 1, Fig 9E). Collected at 19:30 h on 21 August 2011 Jodi J. L. Rowley, Vinh Quang Dau, Huy Duc Hoang, Luong Thi Nguyen, Tan Thanh Le, Dinh Djung, and Y H'Jun. Paratypes. AMS R 176452–176453, two adult males (both calling), and VNMN 04708/AMS R 176455– VNMN 04710/AMS R 176457, three adult males (not observed calling), collected on same date and locality as holotype. VNMN 04711 /AMS R 176458, adult female (gravid) and VNMN 04712 /AMS R 176459 adult male (calling), collected at 19:55 h on 23 August 2011 in evergreen forest in Kon Ka Kinh National Park, Gia Lai Province, Vietnam (14.2263º N, 108.3345º E; 1450 m elevation). UNS 00530/AMS R 176460–UNS 00532/ 176462, AMS R 176463, AMS R 176464, UNS 00533/176465, UNS 00534 /AMS R 176466, 176467, and NCSM 79650, 9 adult males, collected at night on 24 August 2011 in swampy area with small rocky stream in evergreen forest in Kon Ka Kinh National Park, Gia Lai Province, Vietnam (14.2197 º N, 108.3207 º E; 1041 m elevation). All specimens were collected by Jodi J. L. Rowley, Vinh Quang Dau, Huy Duc Hoang, Luong Thi Nguyen, Tan Thanh Le, Dinh Djung, and Y H'Jun. Etymology. The specific name “ ardens ”, meaning burning, fiery, shining, or brilliant, is used as an adjective in reference to the bold and conspicuous coloration of this species compared to other species in the group. Diagnosis. Assigned to the genus Leptolalax on the basis of the following characters: small size, rounded finger tips, the presence of an elevated inner palmar tubercle not continuous to the thumb, presence of macroglands on body (including supra–axillary, pectoral, femoral and ventrolateral glands), the absence of vomerine teeth, the presence of tubercles on eyelids, and anterior tip of snout with pale vertical bar (Dubois 1983; Lathrop et al. 1998; Delorme et al. 2006). Leptolalax ardens sp. nov. is distinguished from its congeners by a combination of (1) supra– axillary and ventrolateral glands present; (2) dark brownish red ventral surface with white speckling; (3) small SVL for the genus (21.6.1– 24.7 mm in 15 adult males, 24.5 mm in one female); (4) toes lacking webbing and lateral fringes; (5) tibia length 44–49% of SVL in males; (6) pectoral gland 3.5–5.6% of SVL in males, (7) mostly smooth dorsum, (8) iris dark coppery brown, (9) distinct black supratympanic line present, (10) an advertisement call with 3–10 notes with the first, introductory note encompassing one–third of each call. Description of holotype. Head width equal to head length; snout slightly truncate in dorsal view and rounded in profile, projecting slightly beyond margin of the lower jaw; nostril closer to snout than to eye; canthus rostralis indistinct, gently rounded; lores sloping; pupil vertical; eye diameter smaller than snout length; tympanum distinct, round, diameter smaller than that of the eye; tympanic rim elevated relative to skin of temporal region; vomerine teeth absent; pineal ocellus absent; vocal sac openings slit–like, located posteriolaterally on floor of mouth; tongue wide with broad, shallow notch at posterior tip; supratympanic ridge distinct, running from eye to axillary gland. Tips of fingers rounded, very slightly swollen; relative finger lengths I 4.5% divergence at the 16S gene fragment examined. Interspecific variation in three L. ardens sp. nov. collected from ~ 2 km apart was 0%. 1 Leptolalax applebyi : ;: (;: 3;). ( +. 3 (/)* 3)/ 3* ;: * K.).;:)K.));: *(K ;:)K 3/;:*..K /;:(/K/ 3;:3K3)/;:.K +; ; * + *3 3 (+ (* 3 (. / * :*3)K).;: (*K (;: *.K. /;:*.)K *.;: K. *;:* 3K; * / *. ! Leptolalax 0 2 !> 1 2!:; 9 5 C H 2 K botsfordi & 0 0 0 2 eos > 0 0 0 " 2 0 firthi > 0 (.K 3 2 " B fuliginosis K)) B & " " 0 0 :; melanoleucus 0 " " 0 0 0 minimus H + (K *. B = 2 nahangensis H 0 0 .) B 6 C + * B P 7 0 pluvialis 0 0 0 2 solus H 0 0 / (B " H sungi H " . K+ / tuberosus H 0 0 zhangyangpingi H 0 0 .+ K+ + " " 0 0 0:; applebyi & 0 0 0 *3 (K:) ; B 2 bidoupensis & 0 0 0 * +K +.: (; B & " 2 0 melicus & 0 0 0 *3 +K /:) /; B 2 pyrrhops & 0 0 0 2 ardens & 0 0 0 pallidus & 0 0 0 . K ((: + +; B A 2 K tadungensis & 0 0 0 K : +); B 2Published as part of Rowley, Jodi J. L., Tran, Dao T. A., Le, Duong T. T., Dau, Vinh Q., Peloso, Pedro L. V., Nguyen, Truong Q., Hoang, Huy D., Nguyen, Tao T. & Ziegler, Thomas, 2016, Five new, microendemic Asian Leaf-litter Frogs (Leptolalax) from the southern Annamite mountains, Vietnam, pp. 63-102 in Zootaxa 4085 (1) on pages 75-86, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4085.1.3, http://zenodo.org/record/105245
Nesorthomorpha montana Nguyen & Tran & Le 2018
No full textNeSOrthOMOrpha MOntana n. sp. (Figs 1–3) Material examined. Holotype: male (IEBR-453H) Kon Tum Province, Ngoc Linh Mts. (15°00'¯ 15°18'N, 107°41'¯ 08°01'E), primary forest, 1,900 m a.s.l, 31 March 2004, coll. Anh D. Nguyen. Paratypes: 1 female (IEBR-453P) same date as holotype; 1 male (IEBR-458) same locality, secondary forest, 1,700 m a.s.l., 21 March–9 April 2006, coll. Anh D. Nguyen. Non-types: 3 females (IEBR-Myr 561) Gia Lai Province, Chu Mon Ray National Park, natural forests, 500–750 m a.s.l., 5 Oct. 2005, coll. Mai Phu Quy; 1 male, 1 female (IEBR-Myr 596) Gia Lai Province, Chu Mom Ray National Park (14°18′¯ 14°38′N, 107°29′¯ 107°47′ E), natural forests, 1,200 m a.s.l., 31 March 2015, leg. Le Xuan Son; 1 male, 1 female (IEBR-Myr 633) Gia Lai Province, Kon Ka Kinh National Park (14°09′– 14°30′N, 108°16′– 108°28′E), near head office, natural forests, 890 m a.s.l., 21–24 May 2017, coll. Anh D. Nguyen. Diagnosis. The species differs from its congeners in the following combination of characters. Sternum 5 with two elevated, small, and rounded processes between coxae 4. Both lamina medialis and lamina lateralis of gonopod solenophore unfolded. Lamina medialis with a long spiniform process d in the middle. Tip of gonopod trifid: terminal and subterminal prongs lobed (tp and stp, respectively), middle prong (mp) a tiny denticle. Description. Based on Holotype (male) IEBR-453H. Measurements: Holotype ca. 31.2 mm in length; width of midbody pro- and metazonites 2.0 mm and 3.2 mm, respectively. Coloration (Fig. 1): Whole body reddish brown except lateral area of paranota. Calluses, marginal posterior area of metaterga, waist between pro- and metazonite whitish yellow. Sterna, legs, antennae yellowish brown. Distal part of antennomere 6 and whole antennomere 7 blackish brown. Head: (Figs 1B–C) Slightly smaller than collum. Clypeolabral region modestly setose. Frons weakly convex, divided in 2 parts by distinct, thin epicranial suture. Antennae (Figs 1B–C) long, claviform, reaching body ring 4 laterally. Most antennomeres subequal in length except for the shortest antennomeres, 7 and 1. Tergites: Collum slightly narrower than body ring 2; surface shining and almost smooth, only faintly rugulose on medioposterior area. Collum with 3 rows of setae: 3+ 3 in anterior, 1+ 1 in middle, 1+ 1 in posterior. Body rings 4<3<2=5¯ 17 in width, posteriorly gradually tapering towards telson. Prozonites shining and smooth. Metatergites shining; anterior half faintly rugulose, and posterior half considerably rugose. Metatergites with a row of 2+2 setae on anterior half and another row of 3+3 setiferous knobs near posterior margin. Transverse sulcus present on metaterga 5¯19, reaching base of paranota. Waist between pro- and metaterga narrow, posterior margin beaded. Pleura with dense covering of microgranules. Pleurosternal carinae present as a full crest with a small caudal tooth on body rings 2¯4, thereafter (moving posteriorly) reduced to a small caudal tooth on body rings 5¯9, to a minute denticle on body rings 10¯16, and missing on subsequent body rings. Paranota (Figs 1A, C, D, E, G) well developed, subhorizontal: lying about equal to metatergal surface. Caudal corner beak-like and pointed, more protuberant on posterior-most paranota, surpassing posterior contour of metaterga. Calluses thin on poreless paranota, but thicker on pore-bearing paranota. Epiproct (Figs 1F, H) long, broadly truncated, dorsoventrally flattened, with two tiny apicolateral tubercles. Epiproct apex with four spinnerets. Hypoproct (Fig. 1H) triangular with two distolateral, well-separated, setiferous knobs. Sterna sparsely setose, without modifications except for fifth sternum with two small, broadly rounded, highly elevated ventrad processes between coxae 4 (Fig. 1I). Legs: Long and slender, about 1.6X (male), 1.4X (female) longer than midbody height. Tarsal brushes present on leg pairs 1¯27, absent on other legs. Prefemora not swollen. Femora without modifications. Gonopod (Figs 2–3): Coxae cylindrical, half as long as the telopodite; distoventral part sparsely setose. Prefemur densely setose, set off from acropodite by an oblique sulcus laterally. Acropodite long, slender, slightly curved posteroventrad, with an oblique sulcus laterally. Prostatic groove ending in a flagelliform solenomere apically. Both lamina medialis and lamina lateralis unfolded. Lamina medialis with a spiniform process d in the middle. Tip of gonopod trifid: terminal and subterminal prongs lobate (tp and stp, respectively), middle prong (mp) a tiny denticle. Variation. Measurements. Body length 29.2¯ 31.2 mm (males), 33.1 mm (female); width of midbody pro- and metazona 2.0 mm (male), 2.5 mm (female) and 2.8¯ 3.2 mm (male), 3.8 mm (female), respectively. Coloration: Specimens from Kon Ka Kinh National Park are slightly different from others in coloration: they are almost black except the paranotal calluses and legs are castaneous brown. Etymology. a Latin word “ montana ”, which means “mountain”, is an adjective to emphasize the mountainous habitats where the types were found. Genetic distance and phylogenetic relationship. K2P distance between the new species and Orthomorpha species range from 0.143 to 0.163; between the new species and Antheromorpha festiva is 0.261. The distance between Nesorthomorpha montana n. sp. and other species varies from 0.148 to 0.317. Both ML and BI trees recover a clade that consisted of Orthomorpha species and Nesorthomorpha montana n. sp. with strong ML and BI values (100% bootstrap value and 0.98 posterior probability) (Fig. 4). The genus Antheromorpha is a weakly supported sister species (ML 54%; BI 0.89) to these two genera. Desmoxytes species formed a well-supported clade, and the genera Piccola and Orthomorphoides are sister to the ingroup taxa.Published as part of Nguyen, Anh D., Tran, Binh T. T. & Le, Minh D., 2018, First record of the millipede genus Nesorthomorpha Jeekel, 1980 in Vietnam with description of a new species (Diplopoda, Polydesmida, Paradoxosomatidae), pp. 426-434 in Zootaxa 4462 (3) on pages 428-431, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4462.3.8, http://zenodo.org/record/144172
Conformal Multistep-Ahead Multivariate Time-Series Forecasting
No full textThis paper proposes a method for conformal multistep-ahead multivariate time-series forecasting. The method minimizes the coverage loss when the data exchangeability assumption does not properly hold. This is done by weighting residual quantiles while computing prediction intervals. Preliminary experiments on real data demonstrate the method's utility
Conformal Multistep-Ahead Multivariate Time-Series Forecasting
No full textThis paper proposes a method for conformal multistep-ahead multivariate time-series forecasting. The method minimizes the coverage loss when the data exchangeability assumption does not properly hold. This is done by weighting residual quantiles while computing prediction intervals. Preliminary experiments on real data demonstrate the method's utility
Una interpretación de a-ka-na-jo ( a3-ka-na-jo)
No full textThe author studies the word a-ka-na-jo in the PY Cn 328 tablet and taking into account some factors she proposes αγναιος as the reading of this word.The author studies the word a-ka-na-jo in the PY Cn 328 tablet and taking into account some factors she proposes αγναιος as the reading of this word
Conformal Multistep-Ahead Multivariate Time-Series Forecasting
No full textThis paper proposes a method for conformal multistep-ahead multivariate time-series forecasting. The method minimizes the coverage loss when the data exchangeability assumption does not properly hold. This is done by weighting residual quantiles while computing prediction intervals. Preliminary experiments on real data demonstrate the method's utility
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