94 research outputs found
EaseMarks: Using Secondary Sketch Marks To Author and Communicate Motion Interpolation
No full textMotion interpolation is a process where an animator transforms jerky frame transitions into rich motions that communicate anticipation, urgency, hysteresis, and even calmness. Animators leverage mathematical functions known as easing curves to modify the rate at which in-betweens are added to keyframes. While effective, easing curves are tedious to tune since they fundamentally lack the ability to encode spatial information. Inspired by timing charts and other standards from traditional cel animation, we introduce a motion animation technique where secondary marks, which we term EaseMark (e.g., hatches, loops), are used to denote motion interpolation decisions. We synthesize an EaseMark Sketching Language and evaluate it through a crowdsourced study. This sketching language is then put in practice in a tool that allows animators to author motion interpolation by sketching or selecting different EaseMarks that affect an object\u27s visual and spatial expression over time. We discuss how secondary marks can be used to expand the expressiveness and utility of sketching languages in other complex design practices
La Chose nue : parité, restitution, spectre
No full text“Disappearance” is at the heart of the studies and novels of Hadrien Laroche, who reexamines for us “the thing” in the work of Martin Heidegger, Jacques Derrida, and Meyer Shapiro. We are familiar with the discussion around Van Gogh’s shoes, a still life lively enough to give rise to some very keen, contradictory interpretations. In introducing the Marquis de Sade into the game, the author allows us to broach the delicate question of the human being’s treatment as a thing by both artists and philosophers.La disparition est au cœur des études et des romans de Hadrien Laroche qui revient pour nous sur « la chose » chez Heidegger, Derrida et Schapiro. Nous connaissons la discussion autour des Souliers de Van Gogh, nature morte suffisamment vivante pour susciter des interprétations contradictoires d’une grande vivacité. En introduisant Sade dans le jeu, l’auteur nous permet d’aborder la question délicate du traitement de l’humain comme chose par l’artiste et le philosophe
A new Bayesian framework for the interpretation of geophysical data
No full textProviding images of the subsurface from ground-based datasets is at the heart of
the geophysicist’s work. Multiple approaches have been applied to tackle this task.
Most of the time, this task is performed in a deterministic framework, meaning
that for a given dataset, a single model is provided to explain the data. However,
those deterministic approaches lack the ability to provide reasonable uncertainty
estimations, that take into account the non-unicity of the solution, noise in the data
and modelling error. To provide precise and accurate models of the subsurface along
with uncertainty, geophysicists use probabilistic approaches. Those approaches are
able to sample the ensemble of a priori possible models (the prior) in order to extract
models that can reasonably explain the datasets (the posterior). Such approaches,
even though superior in terms of the reliability of their results, are rarely applied
in practice due to their significant computational requirements.
In this manuscript, the aim is to propose a new Bayesian framework to interpret
those geophysical datasets. This new framework, called Bayesian Evidential Learning, promises to enable a fast, precise and accurate estimation of the uncertainty.
This framework is applied and adapted for 1D geophysical datasets (BEL1D). The
new and adapted framework presents several advantages when compared to classical probabilistic approaches: from fast computations due to the limited number
of forward runs needed, to providing insight about the experiment sensitivity and
the validity of the prior. Moreover, it benefits from its construction as a Machine
Learning algorithm, leading to quasi-instantaneous models of uncertainty
Caractéristiques cliniques, prise en charge et mortalité en réanimation de 148 patients hospitalisés en réanimation Magellan pour pneumopathie grave à SARS-CoV2
No full textAim: to describe the demographic and clinical characteristics of critically ill patients with laboratory confirmed SARS-CoV2 pneumonia, as well as their outcome and management. To identify risk factors for death in the intensive care unit. Materials and methods: retrospective study including all 148 consecutive critically ill patients admitted in the thoracic intensive care unit at the teaching hospital of Bordeaux with severe pneumonia and laboratory-confirmed severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. Demographic, clinical, therapeutics and outcome data were collected from the patients' medical records. Results: among the 148 patients included in this study, 66% were male, with a median age of 63.5 years (53.8 - 71) and a median body mass index of 29.24 kg/m2 (26.2 - 33.1). The mortality rate was 24%. Nearly 4 out of 5 patients had at least one comorbidity, including hypertension (52%), diabetes (24%), immunosuppression (14%), chronic kidney failure (11%), or chronic heart failure (7%). The median IGS2 score was 33 (29 - 46). In unadjusted analysis, mortality was associated with a history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, chronic heart failure, elevated procalcitonin (PCT), elevated ferritin levels, elevated D-dimers at admission to the ICU, and a short time between symptom onset and hospitalization. After adjusted analysis, the risk factors for mortality in the intensive care unit were a history of chronic heart failure, age, the presence of bacterial co-infection at admission, and a short time between symptom onset and hospitalization. Conclusion: this study found a mortality rate of 24% among patients admitted to the thoracic intensive care unit for SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia. Risk factors for mortality in the intensive care unit were a history of chronic heart failure, age, the presence of bacterial co-infection at admission, and a short time between symptoms onset and hospitalization.Objectif : description des patients hospitalisés en réanimation pour pneumopathie grave à SARS-CoV2, de leur évolution et de leur prise en charge. Identification des facteurs de risque de mortalité en réanimation. Matériel et méthodes : étude rétrospective incluant 148 patients admis de manière consécutive en réanimation thoracique au CHU de Bordeaux pour pneumopathie grave à SARS-CoV2. Les données démographiques, cliniques, thérapeutiques et le devenir étaient collectés à partir des dossiers informatiques des patients. Résultats : parmi les 148 patients inclus, 66% étaient de sexe masculin, avec un âge médian de 63.5 ans (53.8 - 71) et un indice de masse corporelle médian de 29.2 kg/m2 (26.2 – 33.1). La mortalité s’élevait à 24%. Près de 4 patients sur 5 présentaient au moins une comorbidité dont l’hypertension artérielle (52%), le diabète (24%), l’immunodépression (14%), une insuffisance rénale chronique (11%), ou une insuffisance cardiaque chronique (7%). Le score IGS2 médian était de 33 (29 - 46). En analyse non ajustée, la mortalité était liée à des antécédents de bronchopathie chronique obstructive, d'insuffisance cardiaque chronique, une PCT élevée, une ferritinémie élevée, des D-dimères élevés à l'admission en réanimation, et un délai court entre l'apparition des symptômes et l'hospitalisation. Après analyse ajustée, les facteurs de risque de mortalité en réanimation étaient l'antécédent d'insuffisance cardiaque chronique, l'âge, la présence d'une co-infection bactérienne à l'admission, et un délai court entre l'apparition des symptômes et l'hospitalisation. Conclusion : cette étude retrouvait une mortalité de 24% parmi les patients admis en réanimation thoracique pour pneumopathie grave à SARS-CoV2. Les facteurs de risque de mortalité en réanimation étaient l'antécédent d'insuffisance cardiaque chronique, l'âge, la présence d'une co-infection bactérienne à l'admission, et un délai court entre l'apparition des symptômes et l'hospitalisation
From Matter to Urban Politics: Confronting the Grand Paris Urban Project to the Seine River Basin
No full textThe Parisian urban region is currently experiencing Europe’s largest urban transition centered around a 200 km mobility network (the Grand Paris Express) and intended to project the city beyond its historic boundaries and into the 21st century. This inevitable urban restructuring is reconfiguration spatial, socio-political, and cultural relations between the urban center and the periphery but is also considerably affecting the ecological functioning of the larger riverine territory of the Seine Basin from which it depends on. This thesis investigates the ecological, geological, and hydrological consequences of material extraction needed to construct the Parisian Urban Project, looking most notably at sand and aggregate quarries used in the production of concrete. While this graduation project does not look to offer an alternative to extractivism, it looks at applying a material practice of repair on damaged landscapes to mend for past destructive actions and reintegrate post-extraction sites into a larger production system. This project first constitutes a joint narrative between the urban project of the Grand Paris and the territorial project of the Seine watershed. This relational outlook is intended to form nonlinear and dynamic links between the urban and the territorial, land and water, and culture and matter to uncover the uneven and exploitative practices occurring in and around the river system. This project then follows urban matter - materials associated with the construction of the urban - through a forensic exploration, associating socio-cultural crisis with political and economic agendas and their physical manifestation beyond the conventional urban boundaries, looking at cultural and physical forces applied on geologies and the processes of de/re-territorialization of matter. Finally, this thesis formulates a territorial vision embedding a new material cycle in the Seine River Basin and proposing a design intervention towards repair in La Bassée, the last remaining upstream wetland in the watershed. This vision provides a dual social and ecological rehabilitation of post-extraction sites towards an integrated multi-species riverine landscape adapted to the instabilities of the New Climatic Regime.Architecture, Urbanism and Building Sciences | Urbanis
Ségrégation, lutte territoriale et affrontements identitaires dans un espace post-conflictuel, le cas des militants républicains dans les quartiers nationalistes de Belfast et Derry
No full textCet article traite de l’affrontement identitaire opposant les unionistes aux nationalistes pour la possession de l’espace dans les quartiers de Belfast et Derry. Élément déterminant de la politique et l’identité en Irlande du Nord, l’espace possède une importance stratégique pour garantir la survie d’une communauté dans cette ville ségrégée. En posant l’hypothèse d’une pacification de la lutte territoriale suite à la situation politique post-conflictuelle, l’auteur montre que le conflit spatial est toujours actuel et qu’il exacerbe les antagonismes politiques et identitaires à travers des logiques de provocation et de défense du quartier. En mobilisant des observations participantes et des entretiens avec des militants républicains, l’auteur retranscrit les comportements quotidiens de ces militants ainsi que leurs stratégies offensives et défensives pour maintenir la cohésion de leurs quartiers face aux unionistes.This article deals with the identity confrontation between unionists and nationalists for the possession of space in the Belfast and Derry districts. As a defining element of politics and identity in Northern Ireland, space has a strategic importance to ensure the survival of a community in this segregated city. By making the assumption of a pacification of the territorial struggle following the post-conflict political situation, the author shows that the space conflict is still current ant that it exacerbates political and identity antagonisms through the logic of provocation and defense of the district. By mobilising participating observations and interviews with Republican activists, the author rewrites the daily behaviour of these activists as well as their offensive and defensive strategies to maintain the cohesion of their districts against the unionists
Influence of cementation on the yield surface of rocks numerically determined from digital microstructures
No full textDigital Rock Physics has reached a level of maturity on the characterisation of primary properties that depend on the microstructure - such as porosity, permeability or elastic moduli - by numerically solving field equations on μCT scan images of rock. After small deformations or at depth though, most rocks eventually reach their limit of elasticity and the complementary plastic properties are needed to describe the full mechanical behaviour. Currently, determination of a rock's yield surface from its microstructure is often restricted to semi-analytical criteria derived by limit analysis or numerical simulations performed on idealised geometries. Such simplification lacks representativeness, particularly for processes that affect directly the pore-grain interface such as the cementation phenomenon, happening during diagenesis. Eventually, only direct numerical simulation of elasto-plasticity performed on digitalised microstructures can be used to assess the strength of different cemented materials and its evolution with the alteration of the microstructure. In this study, we provide a comprehensive parametric study on the impact of cementation on rock strength for real microstructures of cemented granular materials. Compared to most previous studies, the whole yield surface is determined numerically (using Finite Element Method) in order to assess the influence of cementation for different stress-paths. The previously known tendency of rock to strengthen with increasing cementation volume is verified. New results on the influence of cement property namely Young's modulus, friction and cohesion on the rock's yield surface are explored. The envelopes obtained are compared to the ones obtained by experimental data and existing models. The framework presented in this study showcases the wider possibility of determining any rock's or porous material's yield surface from its microstructure. Applied Mechanic
μCT scans permeability computation with an unfitted boundary method to improve coarsening accuracy
No full textFlow simulations on porous media, reconstructed from Micro-Computerised Tomography (CT) scans, is becoming a common tool to compute the permeability of rocks. Still, some conditions need to be met to obtain accurate results. Only if the sample size is equal or larger than the Representative Elementary Volume will the computed effective permeability be representative of the rock at a continuum scale. Moreover, the numerical discretisation of the digital rock needs to be fine enough to reach numerical convergence. In the particular case of using Finite Elements (FE) and cartesian meshes, studies have shown that the meshes should be at least two times finer than the original image resolution in order to reach the simulation’s mesh convergence. These two conditions and the increased resolution of CT-scans to observe finer details of the microstructure, can lead to extremely computationally expensive numerical simulations. In order to reduce this cost, we couple a FE numerical model for Stokes flow in porous media with an unfitted boundary method for cartesian meshes, which allows to improve results precision for coarse meshes. Indeed, this method enables to obtain a definition of the pore–grain interface as precise as for a conformal mesh, without a computationally expensive and complex mesh generation for CT-scans of rocks. From the benchmark of three different rock samples, we observe a clear improvement of the mesh convergence for the permeability value using the unfitted boundary method on cartesian meshes. An accurate permeability value is obtained for a mesh coarser than the initial image resolution. The method is then applied to a large sample of a high-resolution CT-scan to showcase its advantage
A protocol for the gentle purification of virus-like particles produced in plants
No full textAbstractThe purpose of the protocol is to extract and purify virus-like particles (VLPs) that have been produced in plants. More specifically, this method is well suited to the purification of chimaeric and genetically modified VLPs that do not have native surface properties. This will be the case for VLPs used in antigen display experiments. Such particles are often more fragile than their wild-type infectious virus counterparts, and as such can be damaged or lost during procedures that involve pelleting or precipitating the particles. The method presented here is based on ultracentrifugation and density gradients, with no pelleting or precipitation step. It makes virtually no assumptions about the yield of recombinant VLPs or their properties, which means that this protocol is ideally suited to screening new constructs which are expected to lead to the formation of VLPs. This protocol will allow the researcher to determine whether the construct does indeed form VLPs, and if it does, will reduce the likelihood of those particles being lost or damaged during the purification process. Because of its non-specific nature, this protocol may also be suited to the purification of viruses of unknown nature from leaf material where an infection is suspected
Les chevaux d'Hadrien
No full textCassius Dio and the Historia Augusta inform us about the emperor Hadrian's passionate devotion to his horses. This is confirmed by a carmen epigraphicum from Apta Iulia (Apt), CIL, XII, 1122 = ILN -Apt, 33, containing the epitaph of the hunting horse Borysthene ; the author of this poem is undoubtedly Hadrian. Another carmen epigraphicum, from Aquae Albulae in Italy, near Tibur (CIL, XIV, 3911), is dedicated to a hunting horse named Samis. Although this poem has never been attributed to Hadrian by the editors of his literary works, it has several similarities with the inscription found in Apta Iulia, similarities both verbal and thematic. The comparison of the two poems leads us to suggest that the carmen epigraphicum from Aquae Albulae is a work of the same author as that of the Apta Iulia poem, and that it should be included with Hadrians other surviving poetic works.Dion Cassius et /Histoire Auguste nous informent de la passion que l'empereur Hadrien manifesta pour ses chevaux : c'est ce que confirme un carmen epigraphicum d'Apt, CIL, XII, 1122 = ILN —Apt, 33, épitaphe du cheval de chasse Borysthene, dont l'auteur est indéniablement Hadrien. Or, un autre carmen epigraphicum, italien celui-là, provenant des Aquae Albulae, près de Tibur (CIL, XIV, 391 1), et consacré à un autre cheval de chasse nommé Samis, n'a jamais été attribué à Hadrien par les spécialistes qui se sont penchés sur les œuvres littéraires de cet empereur. Il offre plusieurs points communs avec l'inscription d'Apt, à la fois sur le plan verbal et sur le plan thématique. Cette comparaison invite à penser que le carmen epigraphicum des Aquae Albulae est l'œuvre du même auteur que celui du poème d'Apt, et doit être ajouté aux quelques travaux poétiques d'Hadrien qui sont parvenus jusqu'à nous.Gascou Jacques, Janon Michel. Les chevaux d'Hadrien. In: Revue archéologique de Narbonnaise, tome 33, 2000. pp. 61-68
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