285 research outputs found
The Pusillanimous Denis: What U.p: up Really Breens
No full textDenis Breen, a minor character in James Joyce\u27s Ulysses, receives an unsigned postcard which reads U.p: up . Scholars consider U.p: up to be a joke encoded in a puzzle or riddle. This paper proposes to decode the postcard message U.p: up and to identify its author. The postcard message U.p: up is read you pee up and refers to Denis Breen\u27s unusual urination. Denis Breen pees up or sprays his urine upward when urinating from a standing position because he has hypospadias and his urethral opening is within or behind his testes. The symbol p: in the message U.p: up depicts the penis and testes of Denis Breen, and the twoheaded octopus symbolizes Breen\u27s hypospadiac testicles. Breen\u27s diagnosis of hypo- spade -ias is confirmed by Breen\u27s dream of the ace of spades going upstairs. C.P. ( See Pee ) M\u27Coy saw Breen\u27s unusual urination and cryptically wrote Breen the postcard message U.p: up . Joyce parodied Sigmund Freud and his theories when he created Denis Breen. In particular, Joyce parodied the Freudian vehicle of using a proper name to tell a joke when he made the name Denis Breen condense into the Freudian phrase penis envy. Joyce also used the actual location of Freud\u27s apple-sized boil (within or behind his testicles) as the situs of Breen\u27s hypospadias. Finally, Joyce modeled the postcard message U.p: up upon Freud\u27s dream of urinating in an upward direction
Re-Visiting Diliman Souvenirs: Peirce’s Semiotics and the Return of the Suppressed
No full textABSTRACTIn the July 1957 issue of The Philippine Collegian appeared a poem entitled “Man is a Political Animal,” a translation of Aristotle’s famous definition of human beings. It was written by an English major, E. San Juan, Jr., who became president of the U.P. Writers Club in 1958 and an instructor in the Department of English, U.P. (1958-60). The poem, a dramatic monologue, was modeled after the Vorticist style of the British avant-garde artist Wyndham Lewis. Objections were then raised by the Dean of the College of Music Ramon Tapales, writer Amador Daguio, and others, who persuaded the U.P. administration to suspend the author from being published. In 2018, the author was awarded a visiting professorship in the U.P. English Department. The institution seems unchanged, but the cultural landscape has incalculably altered. The current president uses foul language (not just “four-letter” words) in public pronouncements with impunity. This essay reflects on that experience sixty-one years later on the failure of communication, providing sociological-biographical context and using Peirce’s semiotics to approach possible ways of responding to the speech-act or utterance entitled “Man is a Political Animal” performed at a specific time and place in our history. In this postmodern era, is it self-indulgent to reflect on the complex intertextuality of a literary text to tease out its wider sociopolitical lessons drawn from comparing disparate viewpoints and contexts?KEYWORDS: interpretant, subject, author, meaning, identity, signifie
Silence and the crisis of self - legitimation in English romanticism
No full textMy thesis depicts the crisis of self-legitimation that has accompanied the onset of modern hermeneutics, with its historicised and organicised version of the Enlightenment's 'universal perspective.' In this it follows the lead of the contemporary hermeneuticist Hans- Georg Gadamer in resuscitating the notion of prejudice, but contrasts it with Hannah Arendt's discussion of the human condition. She implicitly locates the problem in modern hermeneutics, the aporia, in the very philosophy of life that Gadamer embraces as its solution. Gadamer confuses the task of the humanities as a search for truth with what it ought to be, a search for meaning. I begin with his depiction of Kant's attack on the sensus communis; I conclude with an examination of the consequences of this attack on the orientation and interpretative practices of current schools of literary criticism with specific reference to Keats's Ode on a Grecian Urn. In the central chapter, I focus upon Coleridge's attack on Wordsworth's Preface to Lyrical Ballads (1802) in the Bioeraphia Literaria, reading it as a fundamental defence of prejudice based on the very fact that man has been made in imago Dei. The consequent logocentricity of humanity that Coleridge insists upon opposes Wordsworth's emphasis upon a transcendental idea of 'feeling.' This fundamental notion forms the basis of Coleridge's definition of the primary imagination. I argue the distinctiveness of his definition from that of the other Romantics and maintain its necessity to escape the aporia. This point is proved negatively by Shelley's Mont Blanc, which seizes upon the radical consequences of Wordsworth's poetics, presenting both heresy and obscurity in the poem. The word 'crisis' thus reflects the urgency with which I advocate the need to re-adopt Coleridge's emphases in contemporary literary criticism
Erythropoietin reduces ischemia-reperfusion injury in the rat liver
No full textBackground: Human recombinant erythropoietin (Epo) has recently been shown to be a potent protector of ischemic damage in various organ systems. A significant reduction of stroke injury following cerebral ischemia has been postulated as well as improved cardiomyocyte function after myocardial infarction in tissue pretreated with Epo. It was the aim of this study to evaluate the effects of Epo in liver ischemia. Material and Methods: Rats were subjected to 45 min of warm hepatic ischemia. Animals were either pretreated with 1,000 IU of Epo in three doses or received 1,000 IU into the portal vein 30 min before ischemia. Control animals received saline at the same time points before ischemia. Animals were than sacrificed 6, 12, 24, 48 h and 7 days after surgery and transaminases were measured. Liver specimens were evaluated regarding apoptosis, necrosis and regeneration capacity. Results: Apoptosis rates were dramatically reduced in animals pretreated with Epo while mRNA of tumor necrosis factor-α and STAT-3 were upregulated in all groups. Intraportal venous injection displayed superiority to subcutaneous preconditioning. Transaminases were significantly reduced among the Epo-treated animals after 6 and 12 h. Conclusion: Our data suggests a protective effect of Epo in warm hepatic ischemia and reperfusion injury in the rat. Copyrigh
John Gay's the beggar's opera: early eighteenth-century responses in the arts to cultural, sociological and political issues in London life
No full textDiffering responses in art media to these contemporary issues of London life are explored, taking John Gay's the Beggar's Opera as the focal point for discussion. Initially, a general survey is made of Gay's role as cultural, social and moral critic. Comparison with George Frederick Handel's Floridante allows Gay's work to be placed in the context of operatic responses to contemporary society, highlighting usage both of overt portrayal and indirect satire. Gay's approach to political issues is examined alongside that of Dean Swift's Gulliver's Travels enabling an estimation to be made of the effectiveness of these art media as tools of political propaganda. Similarly, responses in the field of painting are discussed in the light of representative works of James Thornhill and William Hogarth's A Harlot's Progress and A Rake's Progress. In considering all these responses it is noted that art can be interpreted at differing levels, from the sophisticated to the naive. All these art media are then placed in the context of artistic philosophy of the period, thus facilitating an objective assessment of the parallels and differences of art's responses to contemporary issues. Taking into account inherent limitations in the media, to conclude our study, Hogarth's The Beggar's Opera Scenes are compared and contrasted with Gay's prototype. The thesis highlights the trend towards realism in the arts during this period. Nevertheless, we are left with the conundrum that art, 'per se', can only 'mirror' life. It does not necessarily solve its problems. Thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Music. University of Durham Department of Music 198
Surgical treatment of a leiomyosarcoma of the inferior vena cava involving the hepatic and renal veins confluences : technical aspects
No full textC4d in acute rejection after liver transplantation--a valuable tool in differential diagnosis to hepatitis C recurrence
No full textHepatitis C is the most common indication for liver transplantation. Recurrence of HCV is universal leading to graft failure in up to 40% of all patients. The differentiation between acute rejection and recurrent hepatitis C is crucial as rejection treatments are likely to aggravate HCV recurrence. Histological examination of liver biopsy remains the gold standard for diagnosis of acute rejection but has failed in the past to distinguish between acute rejection and recurrent hepatitis C. We have recently reported that C4d as a marker of the activated complement cascade is detectable in hepatic specimen in acute rejection after liver transplantation. In this study, we investigate whether C4d may serve as a specific marker for differential diagnosis in hepatitis C reinfection cases. Immunohistochemical analysis of 97 patients was performed. A total of 67.7% of patients with acute cellular rejection displayed C4d-positive staining in liver biopsy whereas 11.8% of patients with hepatitis C reinfection tested positive for C4d. In the control group, 6.9% showed C4d positivity. For the first time we were able to clearly demonstrate that humoral components, represented by C4d deposition, play a role in acute cellular rejection after LTX. Consequently C4d may be helpful to distinguish between acute rejection and reinfection after LTX for HCV
Investigation of the regeneration process of the softeners at DWP-Botlek: Determination if other sources can be used as a regenerant
No full textSanitary EngineeringWater ManagementCivil Engineering and Geoscience
Influence of donor/recipient HLA-matching on outcome and recurrence of hepatitis C after liver transplantation
No full textThe aim of this study was to analyze the effect of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) matching on outcome, severity of recurrent hepatitis C and risk of rejection in hepatitis C positive patients after liver transplantation (LT). In a retrospective analysis, 165 liver transplants in patients positive for hepatitis C virus (HCV) with complete donor/recipient HILA typing were reviewed for recurrence of HCV and outcome. Follow-up ranged from 1 to 158 months (median, 74.5 months). Immunosuppression consisted of either cyclosporine-A- or tacrolimus-based quadruple induction therapy including or an interleukin 2-receptor antagonist. Protocol liver biopsies were performed after 1, 3, 5, 7, and 10 years and staged according to the Scheuer scoring system. The overall 1-, 5-, and 10-year graft survival figures were 81.8%, 69.11 and 62%, respectively. There was no correlation in the study population between number of HLA mismatches and graft survival. The number of rejection episodes increased significantly in patients with more HLA mismatches (P < 0.05). In contrast to this, the fibrosis progression was significantly faster in patients with 0-5 HLA mismatches compared to patients with a complete HLA mismatch. In conclusion, HLA matching did not influence graft survival in patients after LT for end-stage HCV infection, however, despite less rejection episodes, the fibrosis progression increased in patients with less HLA mismatches within the first year after LT
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