19 research outputs found
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Contact Angles and Contact Lines Around Particles at Isotropic and Anisotropic Liquid Interfaces
No full textLiquid interfaces, capillarity and self-assembly of particles at interfaces are important in nature and technology. When a particle is adsorbed to a liquid interface, the contact line of the particle with the liquid interface and the associated contact angle are the crucial parameters that drive assembly of the particles. We looked at how the shape of the liquid interface and the shape of the particle affect the contact angle and the shape of the contact line. We used millimeter-sized PDMS-coated glass spheres and measured the contact angles at isotropic (planar) and anisotropic interfaces (saddle and cylindrical in shape). Anisotropy of the liquid interface is defined by the deviatoric curvature D0. We look at the apparent advancing and receding contact angles (qA, qR) separately. We found that as the anisotropy of the interface, D0, increased from 0 to 0.22mm-1, the apparent receding angle, qR, decreased from 101° to 80°. Over the same experiments, qA remained fixed at 109°. As D0 increases, we also find that the contact line around the sphere deforms. We make analogy to electrostatics to describe the shape of the contact line in terms of multipole moments. We measured that as D0 increased, the magnitude of the quadrupolar moment (z2) increased and qR decreased. Magnitudes of z2 measured in our experiments agree with previous predictions when capillary force is zero. We also measure the z2 with applied capillary force. However, there is no theory to compare it. To our knowledge, this is the first time that quadrupolar deformation of contact line around a particle is observed and measured directly. Moreover, we showed that advancing and receding contact angles of anisotropic shaped solids, such as cylinders, differ at a planar interfaces, which we attribute to the deformation of the contact line. Our results bring a new perspective to contact angles, showing that the advancing and receding angles depend on liquid-interface geometry, which had not previously been appreciated. Thus, our results are broadly important for capillarity and self-assembly related problems.PhysicsDoctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.
Doxycycline in autoimmune central nervous system disorders in children: an in vitro study
No full textTetracyclines have antiinflammatory properties. To test the in vitro effect of doxycycline in autoimmune neurological disorders of childhood, peripheral blood lymphocytes from multiple sclerosis (n=11), acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (n=12), and control patients (epilepsy and headache, n=12), all aged 5-17, were examined for proliferation, migration, and apoptosis after culture with doxycycline, concanavalin A and myelin basic protein for 48 hours. Doxycycline increased proliferation in the control group, and less in the multiple sclerosis group but not in the acute disseminated encephalomyelitis group (p < 0.03). It increased apoptosis in multiple sclerosis patients (p < 0.02). According to this preliminary study, doxycycline might have immunomodulatory effects in children, justifying future studies with larger and more homogeneous patient groups
Doxycycline in autoimmune central nervous system disorders in children: an in vitro study
No full textTetracyclines have antiinflammatory properties. To test the in vitro effect of doxycycline in autoimmune neurological disorders of childhood, peripheral blood lymphocytes from multiple sclerosis (n=11), acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (n=12), and control patients (epilepsy and headache, n=12), all aged 5-17, were examined for proliferation, migration, and apoptosis after culture with doxycycline, concanavalin A and myelin basic protein for 48 hours. Doxycycline increased proliferation in the control group, and less in the multiple sclerosis group but not in the acute disseminated encephalomyelitis group (
Paroxysmal non-kinesigenic and hypnogenic dyskinesia associated with Streptococcal infection
No full textA Case of Early Infantile Epileptic Encephalopathy Due to KCNQ2 Gene Mutation Presenting With Episodes of Hiccups
No full textNeonatal epilepsy syndromes are responsible for only 15% of the cases of neonatal seizure. An underlying genetic disorder can be detected in approximately 42% of this subgroup. KCNQ2 gene-associated epilepsies are very rare and more common presentations are self-limited familial neonatal epilepsy (SLFNE) and early infantile epileptic encephalopathies (EIEE). The most common initial seizure semiologies are tonic seizures with or without autonomic symptoms in EIEE resulting from KCNQ2 gene mutation. It is characterized by early neonatal onset seizures with suppression burst pattern on electroencephalogram and typically results in severe developmental delay. Therapeutic options for infants with KCNQ2-related EIEE are limited and there is no consensus about it in the literature. Herein, the neonate with EIEE with unexpected episodes of hiccups due to novel mutation of the KCNQ2 gene, which was reported second time, was presented and antiepileptic treatment strategies were discussed in the light of current literature
, Measles Inclusion‐Body Encephalitis: Neuronal Phosphorylated Tau Protein Is Present in the Biopsy but Not in the Autoptic Specimens of the Same Patient, Brain Pathology, doi: 10.1111/bpa.12332
No full textDiagnostic criteria of pediatric migraine without aura
No full textThe objectives of this study were to assess the validity of the International Classification of Headache Disorders-I (ICHD-I) and the International Headache Society-Revised (IHS-R) criteria and to evaluate the other headache features that are not included in these criteria for migraine without aura in the pediatric population. One hundred and thirty-two children who referred to our clinic with the complaint of chronic or recurrent headache were evaluated. Clinical diagnosis of the pediatric neurologist was used as the gold standard in evaluating the validity of ICHD-I and IHS-R criteria and the other headache features. After eliminating patients with other migraine types, secondary headache, and missing data, 92 patients were included in the study according to their records. Sixty-one children (66.3%) were diagnosed as migraine without aura. Using the clinical diagnosis as the gold standard, the specificity of ICHD-I criteria was detected as 93.5%, while the sensitivity was detected as 36.1%. IHS-R criteria had 90.3% specificity and 78.7% sensitivity. Relief of headache with sleeping or lying down in a dark, quiet room was found to be the highest specific and sensitive factor of the other headache features not included in these criteria. IHS-R criteria were found to be more valid in the diagnosis of migraine without aura than ICHD-I criteria. IHS-R criteria are recommended both in clinical practice and in the studies requiring migraine without aura case definitions in the pediatric population
A rare cause of mental motor retardation: recessive congenital methemoglobinemia type II
No full textRecessive congenital methemoglobinemia (RCM) is a very rare disorder caused by NADH- cytochrome b5 reductase (cytb5r) deficiency. It has been classified into four types. Type I presents with mild cyanosis due to a significant deficiency of cytb5r in erythrocytes only. In type II, the deficiency occurs in all tissues and causes growth and mental retardation and other neurological impairments. RCM types I and II are caused by a defect in a single gene, which is located on chromosome 22 (locus DIA 1: q 13.31-qter). Prenatal diagnosis is possible. Cyanosis can be well treated by 200-500 mg of ascorbic acid daily; there is no effective therapy for the progressive neurological impairments. This report presents two siblings with central cyanosis, growth retardation, mental retardation, microcephaly, dystonia and hypertonia diagnosed as RCM type II
