118,081 research outputs found
The Poetic Knowledge of Shizuki Tadao Traces of Dutch Poet Jacob Cats in Early Nineteenth-Century Japan
No full textIn the history of the Dutch-Japanese relations, Shizuki Tadao is recognised as an extraordinary scholar. However, his translations of European books from Dutch into Japanese only paint a partial picture of his research. In fact, he also developed valuable theories on language that allowed the Japanese to better grasp Dutch. Furthermore, he introduced European grammatical concepts and terminology in Japan. A lesser-known interest of Shizuki was poetry, evidenced by three citations from the Dutch poet Jacob Cats (1577‐1660), found in Shizuki’s works on language, by two Dutch poems attributed to him, and by an additional indirect reference to Shizuki’s knowledge on the theory of poetry. The present article aims at better understanding the figure of Shizuki as a scholar of Dutch and to add a piece to the research on the spreading of Cats’ emblems
Role and circadian rhythms of proinflammatory cytokines, cortisol, and melatonin in children with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome
No full textObstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) is characterized by episodes of partial or complete upper airway obstruction that occur during sleep, usually associated with a reduction in oxyhemoglobin saturation and/or hypercarbia. © 2007 Springer Science+Business Media, LLC. All rights reserved
Phenotype and function of dendritic cells and T-lymphocyte polarization in the human colonic mucosa and adenocarcinoma
No full textAim: To evaluate the status of activation of the intestinal dendritic cells (DCs) and T lymphocytes (T cells) from surgical specimens of human colon and adenocarcinoma, and the potential effect of administration of interleukin 2 (IL-2). Methods: Patients undergoing colectomy for cancer were randomized to receive subcutaneous IL-2 (12 million UI/day) (treated group; n = 10) for 3 days before operation or no treatment (control group, n = 10). DCs and T cells were isolated and purified from the lamina propria (LP) of segments of normal colon and adenocarcinoma of both groups. Cell phenotype was determined by expression of membrane receptors. Interaction between DC and T cells was assesses by a mixed leukocyte reaction using naïve T cells co-cultured with DCs. CD4+ T-cell polarization was studied by intracellular staining with monoclonal antibodies for interleukin-4 and interferon-γ. Results: CD4+ T cells were significantly less in tumour than in LP (p < 0.05) in both treated and control groups. IL-2 did not modify the number of any of the T-cell subsets analysed. In contrast, T cells isolated from LP and neoplasm of treated patients produced more interferon-γ and less interleukin-4 (p < 0.05 vs. controls). IL-2 administration significantly increased (p < 0.05) the number of mature, myeloid and plasmocytoid DCs compared to controls. Allogeneic naïve T cells were polarized toward a Th1 type of response which appeared to be mediated by IL-2 activated DCs. Conclusions: systemic IL-2 treatment may have immunomodulatory properties on intestinal DC maturation and drive a Th1 mediated anti-neoplastic response
Correlation between postoperative infections and long-term survival after colorectal resection for cancer
No full textSingle-Incision Versus Standard Multiple-Incision Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy: A Meta-analysis of Experimental and Observational Studies
No full textMimicking Natural Metabolisms: Cell‐Free Flow Preparation of Dopamine
No full textThe biosynthesis of dopamine (DA) from L-tyrosine as starting material is an excellent yet challenging strategy. Here we developed a versatile, multi-enzymatic platform for the biocatalytic preparation of DA in a continuous mode with excellent conversion (90 %) and reaction time (45 min). The system exploits the immobilization of a decarboxylase from Bacillus pumilis (Fdc) and a tyrosinase from Agaricus bisporus (Tyr), which were combined to mimic the in-vivo synthesis of DA (both primary and secondary metabolisms) giving rise to an efficient strategy with a considerable reduction of process associated costs and environmental impact. To enhance the system automation, an in-line purification via catch-and-release procedure was added
Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome in childhood
No full textObstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) was first reported in 1976 by Guilleminault. This condition has been defined as a disorder of breathing during sleep characterized by prolonged partial/complete upper airway obstruction that disrupts normal ventilation and normal sleep patterns. The prevalence of this condition varies among the different populations but it is between 1 and 2% in preschool children when adenoid and tonsils volume has a major peak. Loud snoring is very common in these children but not always present. The diagnosis may be suggested by the facial appearance and by personal history but it must be confirmed by a polysomnography recording. OSAS has many associated morbidities which involve the cardiovascular system, the neurocognitive performance, the growth and the metabolic homeostasis. Obesity is a common associated condition and it impairs the therapeutic success. It should be considered when planning the treatment program: it should be stressed the obesity epidemic has already reached the European countries and it is now contributing to the "adult type" of OSAS which was quite rare in childhood until few years ago. The adenotonsillectomy is the most common therapeutic intervention but it is curative only in 2/3 of patients. Orthodontic approaches, associated with orofacial muscle reinforcing physiotherapy are helpful in most of these patients. To conclude we must stress that this condition is quite common and should be promptly diagnosed to prevent the multisystem morbidities; a multidisciplinary approach should be always offered to the parents of these children.Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) was first reported in 1976 by Guilleminault. This condition has been defined as a disorder of breathing during sleep characterized by prolonged partial/complete upper airway obstruction that disrupts normal ventilation and normal sleep patterns. The prevalence of this condition varies among the different populations but it is between 1 and 2% in preschool children when adenoid and tonsils volume has a major peak. Loud snoring is very common in these children but not always present. The diagnosis may be suggested by the facial appearance and by personal history but it must be confirmed by a polysomnography recording. OSAS has many associated morbidities which involve the cardiovascular system, the neurocognitive performance, the growth and the metabolic homeostasis. Obesity is a common associated condition and it impairs the therapeutic success. It should be considered when planning the treatment program: it should be stressed the obesity epidemic has already reached the European countries and it is now contributing to the "adult type" of OSAS which was quite rare in childhood until few years ago. The adenotonsillectomy is the most common therapeutic intervention but it is curative only in 2/3 of patients. Orthodontic approaches, associated with orofacial muscle reinforcing physiotherapy are helpful in most of these patients. To conclude we must stress that this condition is quite common and should be promptly diagnosed to prevent the multisystem morbidities; a multidisciplinary approach should be always offered to the parents of these children. © 2013 Elsevier Ltd
‘Primum educere’. L’Obiezione di Coscienza fra gli studenti dei Corsi di Laurea in Ostetricia in Lombardia: studio osservazionale descrittivo trasversale.
No full textThe Italian legislation on abortion and Medically Assisted Procreation (L. 194/78 and L. 40/2004) gives the Healthcare Professionals the opportunity to exercise they right to conscientious objection, a subject of current bioethical debate. From the published literature comes out that students are in an awkward situation and they need to reflect on this issue during the course. The idea of present study emerges from the results of the analyzed literature that underlines how a certain number of medicine students refuses to learn the procedures to provoke the voluntary interruption of pregnancy and claims their right to conscientious objection, more than that, the lack of data referring to midwifery students asserts how necessary a study of this kind can be to help understand their position about the issue.
Objective
The main aim of this study is to try and explore attitudes, legal knowledge, experiences and decision-making possibilities of the students attending the third year of the Bachelor in Midwifery towards conscientious objection in the Universities of Lombardy and the possible need of further education in the field.
Method
This study is an observational study that explore attitudes, legal knowledge and experiences in midwifery student enrolled in five Universities in Lombardy. The sample of the study are the 112 undergraduates of the Bachelor in Midwifery that give their consent to take part in the survey. The enrollment and the data collection happened between September and October 2015. A structured, anonymous questionnaire was used for the survey and it includes 37 closed questions in four sections, and three open questions. It has been distributed to the students by the study team. Of the 112 questionnaires, 111 were returned.
Results
From the study emerges the students have acquired the knowledge of the legislation related the conscientious objection and related laws, with a frequency of 62.9% correct answers.
Analyzing the data comes to light that the students think that the time devoted to teaching conscientious objection and protection of motherhood within the curriculum is not enough and only 51% say that the student has sufficient information on the procedures concerning the conscientious objection. The study shows that the majority of the midwifery students do not know that the law does not mention them among the ones with the right to conscientious objection. On the other hand, the last open answer show that some of them do not know if they have the right to express their attitude during their training. Nevertheless, 88% believe that students have the right to act according to their conscience highlighting their conscientious objection while they are carrying out the study program, even though the sample considers important the achievement of their target training and their claim on moral values, as long as the university recognized a method of achieving that objective which does not require than to perform practices that directly conflict with their own moral values.
The sample was asked if they thought the knowledge of legislation was sufficient to solve ethical position related to situations that could cause conscientious objection: 42 students out of 60 declared to think the knowledge of legislation a necessary but insufficient element to face and solve the answer to conscientious objection.
Conclusion
Even though the students have a global knowledge of the legislation, a deeper and wider general knowledge of the laws in question could be a safeguard both for students and women and more than that it could ensure the provision of the highest standard of care. During the three years of the Bachelor in Midwifery, starting from the first one, more time should be dedicated to the discussion of cases and the analysis of conflicting values. A proposal for the Schools of Medicine could be the creation of a specific form for the conscientious objection, to be filled in by the students who feel the need to make their position official but, first of all, the institution has to create a partnership with its students that guarantees the right of each student to be respected for his own moral values and to be led to an informed, conscious and shared choice over the conscientious objection, via a more adequate training, which can prevent the distress generated when students are not put in the position to be able to face conscientious objection
- …
