1,721,052 research outputs found
“Heaven” of Data Deficient Species: The Conservation Status of the Endemic Amphibian Fauna of Vietnam
Full text linkPredicting the true status of Data Deficient (DD) species is a prominent theme in recent conservation biology, but there still is much debate regarding the conservation approach that should be used for DD taxa and no definitive conclusions are yet available. We review and analyse the current data available on the conservation status of amphibians in Vietnam, with an emphasis on the DD species. We also compare Vietnamese DD frequency of occurrence with other regions of the world, examine the extent of the range of taxa divided by Red List status, and explore the protection attributes of the taxa based on their inclusion within protected areas of Vietnam. We documented that the analysis of amphibians in Southeast Asia, and especially in Vietnam, substantially agrees with patterns highlighted by previous global research, and confirms the risk that several DD species may silently go extinct without their actual risk ever being recognized. Importantly, our study showed that fine-scale analyses are essential to highlight the potential drivers of extinction risk for the DD species of amphibians. A crucial next step for conservation policies in Vietnam (and in surrounding countries) is developing and implementing species-specific studies targeted at addressing each species’ drivers of extinction and determining science-based strategies for minimizing their extinction risk
Health Information Technology Adverse Events Identification and Classification with Natural Language Processing and Deep Learning
No full textThe main topic of this work is to develop a framework to extract Real-World Evidence through Natural Language Processing (NLP) and Neural Networks. An initial literature analysis has been performed, from which it clearly emerges that adverse events concerning Health Information Technology (HIT) are gradually growing over time. The goal of the proposed framework is to automatically identify adverse event reports related to HIT, aiming to support Health Technology Assessment and Post Market Surveillance as outlined in European Regulation 2017/745 on Medical Devices. The designed model uses a pre-trained version of ClinicalBERT, additionally fine-tuned on 3, 705 adverse events reports extracted from the FDA MAUDE database, which had been previously manually labelled by experts. Results show better metrics than other existing HIT adverse events reports text classifiers based on non-BERT models, performing with an accuracy of 0.9906, precision of 0.9840, recall of 0.9973, and F1 score of 0.9906
Evidence-based clinical engineering: Health information technology adverse events identification and classification with natural language processing
Full text linkThe primary goal of this project is to create a framework to extract Real-World Evidence to support Health Technology Assessment, Health Technology Management, Evidence-Based Maintenance, and Post Market Surveillance (as outlined in the EU Medical Device Regulation 2017/745) of medical devices using Natural Language Processing (NLP) and Artificial Intelligence. An initial literature review on Spontaneous Reporting System databases, Health Information Technologies (HIT) fault classification, and Natural Language Processing has been conducted, from which it clearly emerges that adverse events related to HIT are increasing over time. The proposed framework uses NLP techniques and Explainable Artificial Intelligence models to automatically identify HIT-related adverse event reports. The designed model employs a pre-trained version of ClinicalBERT that has been fine-tuned and tested on 3,075 adverse event reports extracted from the FDA MAUDE database and manually labelled by experts
Metaphor and Corpus Linguistics
No full textGrowing interest in metaphor over recent decades has led to an increasing need for guidance on how to identify and analyze this linguistic phenomenon in corpus data. While Cognitive Linguistics offers various perspectives on interpreting metaphorical meanings, it lacks the means to document how, where, and with what frequency these meanings are realised textually. Corpus Linguistics can address these issues, but only once one crucial problem has been addressed: how to find metaphorical meanings in data that is typically searched via word forms.
This contribution starts with an overview of conceptual and linguistic metaphor, and how metaphors are identified in language. It then dedicates space to issues of specific interest to corpus-based studies of metaphor, particularly regarding how to find metaphors in corpus data. The first method described is the lexicographical approach, which starts with a word form and profiles its lexical environments in order to separate out distinct meanings, metaphorical or otherwise, and to schematize the regular lexicogrammatical patternings associated with each. The other methods focus on how to identify/extract candidate metaphors from corpus data. After identification/extraction, the data has to be examined to verify that each instantiation of a word is indeed metaphorical, following the same principles as in the lexicographical approach.
Corpus studies of metaphor can enhance our understanding of what metaphor achieves in text by analyzing the lexicogrammatical patterns, the frequencies, and the distribution of metaphor in natural language data
Sovranità statale e integrazione europea
No full textLe dinamiche della società contemporanea evidenziano che questioni fondamentali (ambiente, terrorismo, flussi migratori, finanza, economia, diritti fondamentali) presentano profili globali la soluzione dei quali può sempre più avvenire con strumenti politici globali, restituendo alle istituzioni la possibilità di interpretare la volontà e gli interessi delle popolazioni. Si tratta di processi che denazionalizzano istituti e procedure a suo tempo nati come statali ed ordinati intorno allo Stato, per cui la stessa “statualità”, una volta frutto della mera volontà di un sovrano, è oggi il prodotto del sistema complessivo dei soggetti operanti nello spazio globale. Ne consegue la progressiva inadeguatezza dello Stato nazionale e la necessità di individuare livelli istituzionali e politici alternativi. Il processo d'integrazione europea rappresenta il tentativo più importante in questa direzione ed il saggio ne approfondisce i progressi ma anche i limiti nel percorso intrapreso
Assessing Open Archive OAI-PMH implementations
No full textThe number of works made freely accessible on the Web by institutions joined to Open Archive Initiatives such as libraries, research institutions, scientific and cultural archives, is constantly growing. Until now some international agreements among key players of Open Access approach have been established but the low level of standardization and the lack of a digital resource and repository certification authority prevents any quality control on the works and subsequently their trustable dissemination within the cultural and scientific community. In this scenario, the benefit of having freely accessible resources is lost. The study proposed in this paper aims at providing a statistical analysis of the state of art of OA implementations in order to outline weak practices, propose assessment metrics for self analysis and stimulate a general improvement of the quality of OA implementations
LYING AND INSINCERITY
No full textWhat is lying? This entry provides a general overview of scholarly attempts to define lying in terms of necessary and sufficient conditions. First, it addresses the distinction between lying and misleading, considering whether only explicit statements can be lies. The second topic is insincerity, and how it can vary in degrees under conditions of uncertainty. Its final part discusses whether lying requires an intent to deceive and genuine assertoric force
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