1,721,050 research outputs found
L’errore nella medicina dei servizi, in particolare nel laboratorio di analisi e di anatomia patologica
No full textChanges in FEV1 over time in copd and the importance of spirometry reference ranges: The devil is in the detail
No full textSpirometry plays a pivotal role in the diagnosis and management of COPD and other respiratory diseases. Since lung function varies with age, height, sex and ethnicity, accurate interpretation is dependent upon using appropriate reference ranges. In this article, we will present two landmark papers: one on changes in forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) over time in COPD [1] and the other focussing on spirometry reference ranges produced by the Global Lung Function Initiative (GLI) [2]
Early ward-based acute noninvasive ventilation: A paper that changed practice
No full textThe landmark YONIV trial addressed key practical questions surrounding the early use of ward-based noninvasive ventilation, which is now an established evidence-based treatment for acute hypercapnic respiratory failure http://ow.ly/BDC530iWhne
Will an electronic nose help at high altitude?
No full textAn electronic nose does not simply detect the concentrations of selected VOCs in the exhaled air, but verifies the cumulative signature, reflecting the overall VOC concentration. This technology is novel but promising. http://ow.ly/IPCt30mbIBV
From research question to dissemination: How to design, analyse and present study results
No full textThe key for the success of a study lies in the careful design of all its different phases, from the statement of the objectives to the dissemination of the results
COL2A1 gene mutations: mechanisms of spondyloepiphyseal dysplasia congenita
Full text linkThe COL2A1 gene consists of 54 exons spanning over 31.5 kb and encodes for type II collagen. Type II collagen is the main component of hyaline cartilage extracellular matrix, nucleus pulposus of intervertebral discus, vitreous humor of the eye and inner ear structure. Molecular defects in COL2A1 gene cause a wide variety of rare autosomal-dominant conditions known as type II collagenopathies. A clear genotype–phenotype relationship is not yet known. However, some correlations are described. Spondyloephyseal dysplasia congenita was suggested for a short-trunk dwarfing condition affecting primarily the vertebrae and the proximal epiphyses of the long bones
Noninvasive ventilation in hypercapnic respiratory failure: From rocking beds to fancy masks
No full textA chronological account of some of the significant research into the application of NIV in acute hypercapnic respiratory failure over recent decades
Weighing policymaking: A narrative review of school closures as COVID-19 pandemic-mitigation strategies
No full textIntroduction: In the era of data-driven decision-making, unacceptable haziness, and inconsistency surrounds the yearlong scientific and public debate on the school closure policy in the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic mitigation efforts. Aim: The present literature review stems out of the need for a clear scaffold collecting in one place all current evidence, as well as helping to organize incoming future evidence, concerning both the role of schools in driving the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) community spread and the cost-effectiveness of school closure in containing such spread. Methods: References for this review were initially identified through searches of PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane Library for articles published from March 2020 to March 2021 by the use of key terms “Schools,” “COVID-19,” “pandemic,” “clusters,” “outbreak,” and “seroprevalence,” selecting all articles from 2020 to 2021 with full-text availability. A further search was undertaken by screening citations of articles found in the original search and through Google Scholar and ResearchGate. Results: Overall, evidence shows that opening schools and keeping them open in the context of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic is possible, although behaviorally challenging and unfeasible if educational facilities or testing services are inadequate. Contrary to other respiratory viruses, children are not chief targets of SARS-CoV-2 infection, transmission, and disease. It also appears that the second wave of the SARS-CoV-2 virus spread in the WHO European region has been unrelated to school re-opening. Conclusions: A fact-based understanding of what is currently known on such a consequential policy is required to provide a basis of evidence for advocacy of either school closure or school opening at times of high-intensity community transmission of SARS-CoV-2
Landmark papers in respiratory medicine: The era of cftr modulators: Improvements made and remaining challenges
No full textThis last decade has created historical moments for CF, primarily driven by the development of CFTR modulators. First for patients with gating mutations who benefited from Kalydeco, then for those patients with one F508del copy who could benefit from Orkambi, and most recently, patients with at least one F508del copy who can benefit from Trikafta. Despite heterogeneity in patient response, the majority of CF patients will be greatly impacted by using a CFTR modulator therapy, thus changing the trajectory of their life. Furthermore, it remains to be determined whether the next generation of modulators will be effective for individuals bearing rare mutations that are Orkambi resistant. However, it should not be forgotten that there still remains 10% of the CF population who do not have a targeted CFTR modulator treatment. In addition, even with these novel drug therapies, managing infections will continue to be a challenge, thus the CF community will need to adapt the standards for an improving, but ageing CF population
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