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Capnia shasta Nelson and Baumann 2009
No full text<i>Capnia shasta</i> Nelson and Baumann <p>(Figs. 1-8)</p> <p> <i>Capnia umpqua</i> Nelson and Baumann 1989:306.</p> <p> <i>Capnia shasta</i> Nelson and Baumann 2009:188. Type locality, California: Shasta County, Sulphur Creek, Castle Crags State Park, N 41.15587 <b>°</b> W 122.36285 <b>°</b>.</p> <p> <b>Material examined.</b> <b>California:</b> Shasta Co., small tributary of Castle Creek flowing from north, above Castle Creek Road, approximately milepost 1.5, N 41.15614 <b>°</b> W 122.35319 <b>°</b>, 18 February 2010, J.J. Lee, 4♂, 7♀ (BYUC, JJLC); Sulphur Creek, Castle Crags State Park, N 41.15587 <b>°</b> W 122.36285 <b>°</b>, 16 February 1985, R.W. Baumann & C.R. Nelson, holotype ♂ (USNM) and 3♂, 4♀ paratypes (BYUC). Siskiyou Co., creek, mile 1.9, Salmon River Road, N 41.38061° W 123.46496°, 4 February 2011, J.J. Lee, 3♂, 4♀ (BYUC, JJLC); 9 February 2011, J.J. Lee, 26♂, 12♀ (BYUC, JJLC).</p> <p> <b>Male.</b> Epiproct with inflated dorsal process and shorter ventral process. Other features as in original description by Nelson & Baumann (2009). When fully visible anteriorly, the epiproct has the appearance of a small bird with its gape wide open (Figs. 1-8).</p> <p> <b>Discussion.</b> Nelson (2004) included four species of <i>Capnia</i> in the <i>C. ventura</i> species Subgroup of the <i>C. californica</i> Group: <i>Capnia kersti</i> Nelson, <i>C. regilla</i> Nelson and Baumann, <i>C. saratoga</i> Nelson and Baumann, and <i>C. ventura</i> Nelson and Baumann. We are including <i>C. shasta</i> in the <i>C. ventura</i> Subgroup based on the epiproct structure. <i>Capnia shasta</i> can be distinguished from the other subgroup members by features given in Nelson and Baumann (2009) and by the short lower process of the epiproct described herein.</p> <p> <b>Phylogeny.</b> The cladogram given as Fig. 10 in Nelson and Baumann (2009) showed <i>C. shasta</i> as part of a polytomy with members of the <i>C. californica</i> Group. This hypothesis needs to be re-evaluated based on the actual state of the epiproct of <i>C. shasta</i> presented herein. With the recognition of the lower process of the epiproct, three characters in the matrix of Nelson and Baumann (2009) must be recoded: character 5 changes from 1 to 0 by redefining the appropriate upper process; 17 changes from 0 to 1 indicating an apomorphic deep notch between the two processes of the epiproct; and 18 changes to an apomorphic narrow lower process. In using the branch rearrangement facility in MacClade 4.08a (Maddison and Maddison 2005), two most parsimonious trees result, both of which clearly move <i>C. shasta</i> into the <i>C. ventura</i> Subgroup and require little change to the Nelson and Baumann (2009) hypothesis of relationships. One places <i>C. shasta</i> basal to all members of the subgroup (from <i>C. regilla</i> to <i>C. ventura</i> in Fig. 10 of Nelson and Baumann (2009)) and the other places this taxon further up the tree between <i>C. regilla</i> and <i>C. saratoga</i>. Analysis using new information we present here resolved the tree to a more basal polytomy and by consensus created a polytomy further up the tree, within the <i>C. ventura</i> Subgroup. Resolution of this polytomy will require using additional morphological or molecular characters.</p> <p> <b>Distribution.</b> The most recent collections of <i>C. shasta</i> were made in small creeks that the authors predict have reduced surface flow in the summer. This species is now known from three localities in the Coast Ranges of northern California, two near Castle Crags and one in the Salmon River drainage.</p>Published as part of <i>Nelson, C. Riley, Baumann, Richard W. & Lee, Jonathan J., 2013, New Morphological Observations And Phylogenetic Placement Of Capnia Shasta (Plecoptera: Capniidae), pp. 122-125 in Illiesia 9 (12)</i> on page 124, DOI: <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/4753317">10.5281/zenodo.4753317</a>
Capnia shasta Nelson & Baumann 2009, sp. n.
No full textCapnia shasta sp. n. (Figs. 1-9) Capnia umpqua, Nelson & Baumann 1989:306, Figs. 177 – 180, 252, map Fig. 263 (Not Capnia umpqua Frison 1942) Material examined. ♂ holotype, female allotype, and 2 male and 4 female paratypes, USA, California, Shasta Co., Sulphur Creek, Castle Crags State Park, 16 February 1985, R.W. Baumann & C.R. Nelson. The locality was checked with Google Earth internet software on 17 June 2009 and found the location just outside of the park at: N 41.15587° W 122.36285° elev. 708 m. Each primary type specimen has been placed in a separate vial, in 70% ethanol. One paratype male and the allotype female were the specimens illustrated in Nelson & Baumann (1989) as C. umpqua. Of the paraptypes, one male and three females are in 70% ethanol and the terminalia of 2 males and one female are dried and on SEM stubs, including the specimens used for Figs. 1-8 (the remainders of these specimens are in 70% ethanol vials). The holotype and allotype are deposited at the Smithsonian Institution, United States National Museum, Washington, D.C. (USNM). All paratypes are housed at the R. W. Baumann Aquatic Insect Collection, Monte L. Bean Life Science Museum, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah (BYUC). Male. Body length 5.10 mm; interocular distance 0.57 mm; wings macropterous, forewing length 5.9 mm; tergum 9 divided along one-half its length by medial membranous area, anterior margin heavily sclerotized. Well-developed tergal knobs present along inner margin of the divided tergum nine (Figs.1-4), no tergal knobs on segment eight; epiproct broad, length 285 m, epiproct width 132 m, measured in dorsal view (Figs. 1, 3) with only a single process well-developed (Figs. 2, 4); apex of epiproct unforked (Figs. 1, 3, 5). Female. Body length 6.48 mm; interocular distance 0.62 mm; wings macropterous, forewing length 6.80 mm; subgenital plate triangular with apex directed anteriorly (Figs. 8, 9); subgenital plate width 0.46 mm on hind margin; hind margin straight with margin thickened and not overlapping sternite 9; subgenital plate with paired lateral light thinnings of sclerotization near distal corners, immediately anterior to the hind margin, darker lines (probably internal) running much of the length of subgenital plate near medial line (Figs. 8-9). Etymology. This species is named for prominent Mount Shasta of the Cascade Range in northern California as a noun, without gender, in apposition. It shares this name with a common, somewhat generic brand of soda water common in the western United States. Diagnosis. Capnia shasta is unique in that it is the only member of the Californica Group with tergal knobs only on segment 9 and no distinctively divided process on the epiproct. It lacks the distinct upper process of the epiproct found in the Ventura Subgroup. It differs from the Californica Subgroup in lacking knobs on tergum 8. Phylogenetic relationships of C. shasta with all known members of the Californica Group are summarized in Fig. 10. Discussion. Nelson & Baumann (1989) predicted that the area in California between Santa Barbara and Carmel would probably be a site for a new species or two yet to be discovered in the Californica Group. To this date, no one has reported any new records of Capnia species from this area but in this paper we describe C. shasta, from a more northerly thought-to-be-well-collected and central portion of the overall group range. The challenge remains to find coastal new members of the group in northern California. Key to males. All males of the previously known species in the Californica Group except true C. umpqua can be identified using the key (p. 304) of Nelson & Baumann (1989). The following key is a modification of the 1989 key written to accommodate both true C. umpqua and C. shasta. Couplet numbering follows that key, with couplet 8 added and figures from various sources noted. 7(4) Terga 5 and 6 each bearing paired knobs (Figs. 69 and 70 of Nelson & Baumann 1989) …………………………………… jewetti Frison 7’ Terga 8 or 9 bearing paired knobs (Figs. 1-4 and 7 in this publication and Figs. 177-178 of Nelson & Baumann 1989) ………………….... 8 8(7) Terga 8 bearing paired knobs (Figs. 1-2 in Baumann & Stewart 2009) ……. umpqua Frison 8’ Terga 9 bearing paired knobs (Figs. 1-4 in this publication; Figs. 177-180 in Nelson & Baumann 1989; and Figs. 3-4 in Nelson 2004 …………………………….. shasta, new species Phylogeny. A purported phylogeny for the entire Californica Group was produced in (Nelson 2004). In the 2004 paper, the species illustrated (and used for the phylogenetic analysis) as C. umpqua was the species we herein describe as C. shasta. Table 1 summarizes the morphological characters used in the 2004 paper with addition of character states observed from the holotype of C. umpqua, a minor reinterpretation of Character 14, and a correction of species name for the Sulphur Creek, Castle Crags State Park specimens (C. umpqua of Nelson 2004) as C. shasta. We ran a branch and bound analysis using this corrected matrix (Table 1). This analysis yielded six equally parsimonious trees. In all of these trees, the topology conformed largely to that of the tree in Nelson (2004) except that now C. nana falls into a polytomy with C. shasta and the two subgroups (Fig. 10). Still C. shasta is basal to C. jewetti. In three of these trees C. shasta is immediately basal to C. jewetti and in the remaining three it is also basal to C. regilla. Thus in the consensus of the six trees it appears as a polytomy with the two major clades in the Californica Group (Fig. 10) and C. nana. The more important question then becomes, “Where does true C. umpqua fit on the tree?” In five of the six most parsimonious trees, C. umpqua fits in a pectinate fashion up the tree from C. jewetti and down from C. ophiona. In the sixth tree C. umpqua is still up tree from C. jewetti but in a polytomy with C. ophiona and (C. californica + C. quadrituberosa). Zoogeography. With the consensus cladogram of purported relationships (Fig. 10) and the overall distribution of the group’s species in hand (Nelson 2004) one is tempted to hypothesize the origins, dispersal, and speciation sequence for members of the group. The zoogeography for the group as previously presented (Nelson 2004) stands. The Californica Group, taken as a whole (Nelson 2004, Fig. 3) divides into two sister taxa basally (Ventura Subgroup) and (Californica Subgroup + C. umpqua + C. jewetti). But our new species comes out in a polytomy with these two subgroups (and C. nana) and thus leads to no strong zoogeographic hypotheses. Capnia shasta is currently known from a single locality on a single date. It is currently known only from far down the flanks of Mount Shasta in a small tributary of the Sacramento River at the northern head of California’s Central Valley. We suggest that further careful winter collections of many sites in the area are warranted. We examined a range of specimens of C. umpqua from throughout its broad Oregon – southern California range. The shape of the epiproct in these specimens varied widely in relative width both within series from a single collection and across its range. Using this information we tentatively propose that C. shasta, C. jewetti, and C. ophiona arose as independent peripheral isolates from the widespread C. umpqua -like ancestor. This speculative hypothesis could best be tested using fast evolving sequences of DNA. We have little hope that further morphological study of this question will resolve these polytomies, and hope that the sequences will. Conclusions. This new, interesting species shows that small, relictual populations and species probably remain to be discovered in western North America. Careful, fine scale collecting of the numerous streams in northern California continues to yield new species. The limited distribution of C. shasta points to a need for careful conservation of the tributaries of the Sacramento River. The Californica Group remains an important and virtually untapped resource to learn more about the paleogeography of this part of western North America. The use of sequence data on a phylogeographic scale remains a next best step in sorting out the range relationships of these populations and species in understanding this perplexingly complex group of stoneflies.Published as part of Nelson, C. Riley & Baumann, Richard W., 2009, Capnia Shasta, A New Species In The Californica Group From Northwestern California (Plecoptera, Capniidae), pp. 188-194 in Illiesia 5 (18) on pages 189-194, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.475816
Figs. 23-26 in Diura Washingtoniana (Hanson) Resurrected From Synonymy With D. Nanseni (Kempny) (Plecoptera: Perlodidae), Supplemented With A Description Of The Larva And Egg And Comparison To Other Congeners
No full textFigs. 23-26. Diura washingtoniana (Coos County, New Hampshire, USA). 23. Adult male tergum 10 with sensilla basiconica, dorsal. 24. Adult male paraprocts, biased lateral. 25. Larval left mandible, ventral. 26. Larval right lacinia, ventral.Published as part of Nelson, Charles H. & Nelson, C. Riley, 2018, Diura Washingtoniana (Hanson) Resurrected From Synonymy With D. Nanseni (Kempny) (Plecoptera: Perlodidae), Supplemented With A Description Of The Larva And Egg And Comparison To Other Congeners, pp. 1-29 in Illiesia 14 (1) on page 7, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.476115
Figs. 40–45. Diura nanseni, adult. 40–43 in Diura Washingtoniana (Hanson) Resurrected From Synonymy With D. Nanseni (Kempny) (Plecoptera: Perlodidae), Supplemented With A Description Of The Larva And Egg And Comparison To Other Congeners
No full textFigs. 40–45. Diura nanseni, adult. 40–43 (Russian Far East, Russia). 40. Head and pronotum, dorsal, 41. Male terminalia, dorsal. 42. Male paraprocts, lateral. 43. Female terminalia, ventral. 44-45 (Lule, Lappmark, Sweden). 44. Male terminalia, dorsal. 45. Male paraprocts, lateral.Published as part of Nelson, Charles H. & Nelson, C. Riley, 2018, Diura Washingtoniana (Hanson) Resurrected From Synonymy With D. Nanseni (Kempny) (Plecoptera: Perlodidae), Supplemented With A Description Of The Larva And Egg And Comparison To Other Congeners, pp. 1-29 in Illiesia 14 (1) on page 12, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.476115
Fig. 10 in Capnia Shasta, A New Species In The Californica Group From Northwestern California (Plecoptera, Capniidae)
No full textFig. 10. Cladogram summarizing phylogenetic relationships among members of the Californica Group and two outgroups.Published as part of Nelson, C. Riley & Baumann, Richard W., 2009, Capnia Shasta, A New Species In The Californica Group From Northwestern California (Plecoptera, Capniidae), pp. 188-194 in Illiesia 5 (18) on page 192, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.475816
Nonstrangulating small colon obstruction caused by a submucosal haematoma
No full textS. Stahel, C. B. Riley, M. Wichtel and P.-Y. Daous
Figs. 31-39 Diura nanseni, adult. 31 in Diura Washingtoniana (Hanson) Resurrected From Synonymy With D. Nanseni (Kempny) (Plecoptera: Perlodidae), Supplemented With A Description Of The Larva And Egg And Comparison To Other Congeners
No full textFigs. 31-39 Diura nanseni, adult. 31. Head and pronotum, dorsal. 32. Mesothorax, ventral. ss = sternacostal suture. 33. Male terminalia, dorsal. 34. Male terminalia, lateral. 35. Paraproct caudal projections, lateral and frontal. 36. Paraprocts, ventral. 37. Female terminalia, ventral. 38. Examples of female subgenital plate variation. 39. Spermatheca and vagina. ag = accessory glands, s = spermatheca, sd = spermathecal duct, v = vagina. Scale bars = 0.5 mm.Published as part of Nelson, Charles H. & Nelson, C. Riley, 2018, Diura Washingtoniana (Hanson) Resurrected From Synonymy With D. Nanseni (Kempny) (Plecoptera: Perlodidae), Supplemented With A Description Of The Larva And Egg And Comparison To Other Congeners, pp. 1-29 in Illiesia 14 (1) on page 11, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.476115
Megarcys Klapalek 1912
No full textMegarcys DIAGNOSIS: Adults and nymphs have fingerlike thoracic gills, in addition to the submental gills (Fig. 233) which many Perlodinae possess. The male hemitergal processes (Fig. 279) are curved anteriorly, extending across tergite 9, and are longer than those in Arcynopteryx and Skwala. Males have a prominent epiproct with lateral stylets (Fig. 279) which all other Mongolian Perlodinae lack. The female subgenital plate has a deep, narrow notch (Fig. 280). DISTRIBUTION—Global: Amphi-Pacific— Regional: AOB, IDB— Aimag: BU^, KhG^, SE, TO.Published as part of Judson, Sarah W. & Nelson, C. Riley, 2012, 3541, pp. 1-118 in Zootaxa 3541 on page 4
Figures 7-12 in Taenionema Jeanae, A New Species Of Stonefly From Southern California (Plecoptera: Taeniopterygidae)
No full textFigures 7-12. Taenionema californicum (Needham & Claassen), Arroyo Mocho, Alameda County, California. 7. male terminalia, dorsal view, scale 200 µm, 8. male epiproct lateral view, scale 50 µm, 9. male epiproct dorsal view, apex to right, scale 50 µm, 10. male epiproct terminal detail, lateral view, scale 50 µm, 11. female terminalia, ventral view, scale 200 µm, 12. male right lobe of tergum 10, scale 25 µm.Published as part of Baumann, Richard W. & Nelson, C. Riley, 2007, Taenionema Jeanae, A New Species Of Stonefly From Southern California (Plecoptera: Taeniopterygidae), pp. 174-177 in Illiesia 3 (18) on page 176, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.475473
Figs. 1-8. Capnia shasta male genitalia. Figs. 1-4 in New Morphological Observations And Phylogenetic Placement Of Capnia Shasta (Plecoptera: Capniidae)
No full textFigs. 1-8. Capnia shasta male genitalia. Figs. 1-4. California, Shasta County, creek near Castle Crags State Park. 1. Terminalia, dorsal. 2. Epiproct, dorsal. 3. Epiproct, dorsolateral. 4. Epiproct, lateral. Figs. 5 -8. California, Siskiyou County, tributary, Salmon River, Salmon River Road. 5. Terminalia, dorsal. 6. Epiproct, dorsal. 7. Epiproct, dorsolateral. 8. Epiproct, dorsolateral, anterior.Published as part of Nelson, C. Riley, Baumann, Richard W. & Lee, Jonathan J., 2013, New Morphological Observations And Phylogenetic Placement Of Capnia Shasta (Plecoptera: Capniidae), pp. 122-125 in Illiesia 9 (12) on page 123, DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.475331
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