102 research outputs found
Evidence-based species conservation: the case of the European Nightjar
No full textHuman influences on the global environment, such as climate change and
pollution are accelerating species’ extinction rate. In this perspective, habitat loss
and fragmentation are important threats to biodiversity. One of Europe’s most
important conservation initiatives to halt biodiversity loss and negative effects
of habitat fragmentation is Natura 2000. In this network of protected areas it is
imperative to have strong scientific knowledge about the ecology of protected
species in order to formulate effective conservation measurements. In this project,
I studied one such species, the European Nightjar (Caprimulgus europaeus) and
assessed the accuracy of Flemish conservation targets.
Nightjars were studied using various techniques, such as calculating songterritory size, monitoring nests, measuring micro-habitat parameters, capturing
and recapturing individuals, tracking individuals using radio telemetry, GPS-tags
and geolocators, calculating parameters of foraging behaviour, calculating home
range size and measuring food-availability. This way I found that i) nightjars are
obliged to link complementary resources, such as nesting and foraging sites in
fragmented landscapes during the breeding season, ii) feeding sites are presumed
to be unsuitable habitats for nightjars, such as extensively grazed grasslands,
iii) landscape heterogeneity influences the foraging behaviour of nightjars and
most probably their physiology too, iv) Western-European nightjars follow a
clockwise loop migration of approximately 19500km and winter in subtropical
Africa (Democratic Republic of Congo and Angola), v) during migration nightjars
rely on a small set of important stopover sites, vi) recreational activities could
have a low impact on breeding success when following specific restrictions and
guidelines and vii) monitoring of nightjar populations requires guidance as the
size of populations in Limburg are probably overestimated by 200-300%.
Following the results from my study, the lack in sound scientific knowledge on
the ecology of nightjars becomes apparent. Among other things, the foraging
ecology of nightjars is completely absent from current conservation measures,
possibly jeopardising long-term conservation of nightjars. Furthermore, urgent
conservation is needed for sites during the non-breeding season as populations of
migratory birds are declining rapidly. Further work is needed study the full-annual
cycle of nightjars, the implications of trade-offs and decisions on individual’s
reproductive success and, subsequently, population dynamics.Menselijke invloeden op onze omgeving, zoals het veroorzaken van
klimaatverandering en vervuiling, versnellen de snelheid waarmee soorten
uitsterven. De meest belangrijke oorzaken van biodiversiteitsverlies hierin zijn
habitatverlies en versnippering. Eén van Europa’s belangrijkste initiatieven om
biodiversiteitsverlies en de negatieve van habitat versnippering tegen te gaan, is
Natura 2000. In dit netwerk van beschermde gebieden is het elementair om te
kunnen berusten op wetenschappelijke informatie over de ecologie van beschermde
soorten om effectieve beschermingsmaatregelen te kunnen formuleren. In dit
project heb ik zo een soort bestudeerd, de Europese Nachtzwaluw (Caprimulgus
europaeus) en heb ik de accuraatheid van Vlaamse beschermingsmaateregelen
getoetst.
Nachtzwaluwen werden bestudeerd met verschillende methoden, waaronder het
berekenen van de hoogte van hun territoria- en leefgebied, monitoring van nesten
en meten van microhabitat parameters, vangen en hervangen van individuen,
tracken van individuen met radiozenders, GPS-loggers en geolocators, analyses
van hun foerageergedrag en het berekenen van voedselbeschikbaarheid. Op
deze manier ontdekte ik dat 1) nachtzwaluwen verplicht zijn om complementaire
gebieden met elkaar te linken in gefragmenteerde landschappen om te broeden
en foerageren, 2) foerageergebieden voorafgaand aan deze studie werden
bestempeld als ongeschikt voor nachtzwaluwen, 3) landschapsheterogeniteit het
foerageergerag van nachtzwaluwen beïnvloed, 4) West-Europese nachtzwaluwen
jaarlijks ongeveer 19500km migreren en overwinteren in subtropisch Afrika, 5) zij
tijdens migratie vertrouwen op belangrijke stopplaatsen 6) recreatie een beperkte
impact kan hebben op broedsucces, mits het nalezen van strikte regels en 7)
voor de monitoring van populaties een éénduidige methodiek opgesteld moet
worden, daar populaties in Limburg mogelijks overschat zijn met 200-300%.
Deze studie wijst erop dat belangrijke informatie over de ecologie van nachtzwaluwen
ontbreekt in het opstellen van beheermaatregelen, zoals kennis over de foerageer
gedrag of migratie. Dit hypothekeert een mogelijke lange-termijn bescherming
van de soort. Daarnaast is verder onderzoek strikt noodzakelijk om de jaarlijkse
levenscyclus van individuen te bestuderen en te begrijpen hoe beslissingen in
één levensfase die in een andere beïnvloeden, welk effect beslissingen hebben op
reproductief succes en uiteindelijk populatie dynamieken
Evidence-based species conservation: the case of the European Nightjar
No full textHuman influences on the global environment, such as climate change and
pollution are accelerating species’ extinction rate. In this perspective, habitat loss
and fragmentation are important threats to biodiversity. One of Europe’s most
important conservation initiatives to halt biodiversity loss and negative effects
of habitat fragmentation is Natura 2000. In this network of protected areas it is
imperative to have strong scientific knowledge about the ecology of protected
species in order to formulate effective conservation measurements. In this project,
I studied one such species, the European Nightjar (Caprimulgus europaeus) and
assessed the accuracy of Flemish conservation targets.
Nightjars were studied using various techniques, such as calculating songterritory size, monitoring nests, measuring micro-habitat parameters, capturing
and recapturing individuals, tracking individuals using radio telemetry, GPS-tags
and geolocators, calculating parameters of foraging behaviour, calculating home
range size and measuring food-availability. This way I found that i) nightjars are
obliged to link complementary resources, such as nesting and foraging sites in
fragmented landscapes during the breeding season, ii) feeding sites are presumed
to be unsuitable habitats for nightjars, such as extensively grazed grasslands,
iii) landscape heterogeneity influences the foraging behaviour of nightjars and
most probably their physiology too, iv) Western-European nightjars follow a
clockwise loop migration of approximately 19500km and winter in subtropical
Africa (Democratic Republic of Congo and Angola), v) during migration nightjars
rely on a small set of important stopover sites, vi) recreational activities could
have a low impact on breeding success when following specific restrictions and
guidelines and vii) monitoring of nightjar populations requires guidance as the
size of populations in Limburg are probably overestimated by 200-300%.
Following the results from my study, the lack in sound scientific knowledge on
the ecology of nightjars becomes apparent. Among other things, the foraging
ecology of nightjars is completely absent from current conservation measures,
possibly jeopardising long-term conservation of nightjars. Furthermore, urgent
conservation is needed for sites during the non-breeding season as populations of
migratory birds are declining rapidly. Further work is needed study the full-annual
cycle of nightjars, the implications of trade-offs and decisions on individual’s
reproductive success and, subsequently, population dynamics.Menselijke invloeden op onze omgeving, zoals het veroorzaken van
klimaatverandering en vervuiling, versnellen de snelheid waarmee soorten
uitsterven. De meest belangrijke oorzaken van biodiversiteitsverlies hierin zijn
habitatverlies en versnippering. Eén van Europa’s belangrijkste initiatieven om
biodiversiteitsverlies en de negatieve van habitat versnippering tegen te gaan, is
Natura 2000. In dit netwerk van beschermde gebieden is het elementair om te
kunnen berusten op wetenschappelijke informatie over de ecologie van beschermde
soorten om effectieve beschermingsmaatregelen te kunnen formuleren. In dit
project heb ik zo een soort bestudeerd, de Europese Nachtzwaluw (Caprimulgus
europaeus) en heb ik de accuraatheid van Vlaamse beschermingsmaateregelen
getoetst.
Nachtzwaluwen werden bestudeerd met verschillende methoden, waaronder het
berekenen van de hoogte van hun territoria- en leefgebied, monitoring van nesten
en meten van microhabitat parameters, vangen en hervangen van individuen,
tracken van individuen met radiozenders, GPS-loggers en geolocators, analyses
van hun foerageergedrag en het berekenen van voedselbeschikbaarheid. Op
deze manier ontdekte ik dat 1) nachtzwaluwen verplicht zijn om complementaire
gebieden met elkaar te linken in gefragmenteerde landschappen om te broeden
en foerageren, 2) foerageergebieden voorafgaand aan deze studie werden
bestempeld als ongeschikt voor nachtzwaluwen, 3) landschapsheterogeniteit het
foerageergerag van nachtzwaluwen beïnvloed, 4) West-Europese nachtzwaluwen
jaarlijks ongeveer 19500km migreren en overwinteren in subtropisch Afrika, 5) zij
tijdens migratie vertrouwen op belangrijke stopplaatsen 6) recreatie een beperkte
impact kan hebben op broedsucces, mits het nalezen van strikte regels en 7)
voor de monitoring van populaties een éénduidige methodiek opgesteld moet
worden, daar populaties in Limburg mogelijks overschat zijn met 200-300%.
Deze studie wijst erop dat belangrijke informatie over de ecologie van nachtzwaluwen
ontbreekt in het opstellen van beheermaatregelen, zoals kennis over de foerageer
gedrag of migratie. Dit hypothekeert een mogelijke lange-termijn bescherming
van de soort. Daarnaast is verder onderzoek strikt noodzakelijk om de jaarlijkse
levenscyclus van individuen te bestuderen en te begrijpen hoe beslissingen in
één levensfase die in een andere beïnvloeden, welk effect beslissingen hebben op
reproductief succes en uiteindelijk populatie dynamieken
Cosmogonic Motifs in Folklore of the Evens
No full textThe article analyzes cosmological motifs of folklore of the Evens. The Evens are a group of indigenous peoples of the North, Siberia and the Far East. The author examines the basic images of cosmological myths of the Evens, explores the vocabulary with which these images are present in the Even language.Статья посвящена анализу космогонических мотивов фольклора эвенов. Эвены относятся к группе коренных малочисленных народов Севера, Сибири и Дальнего Востока. Автор рассматривает основные образы космогонических мифов эвенов, исследует лексику, с помощью которой эти образы присутствуют в эвенском языке
Cosmogonic Motifs in Folklore of the Evens
No full textThe article analyzes cosmological motifs of folklore of the Evens. The Evens are a group of indigenous peoples of the North, Siberia and the Far East. The author examines the basic images of cosmological myths of the Evens, explores the vocabulary with which these images are present in the Even language.Статья посвящена анализу космогонических мотивов фольклора эвенов. Эвены относятся к группе коренных малочисленных народов Севера, Сибири и Дальнего Востока. Автор рассматривает основные образы космогонических мифов эвенов, исследует лексику, с помощью которой эти образы присутствуют в эвенском языке
From the Historiography of the Kamchatka Evens
No full textThe article explores existing researches on the cultural history of the Evens, who belong to small-numbered indigenous peoples of the North, Siberia, and Far East. The author analyses all the historiographical researches, and classifies them according to the chronology.В статье рассматриваются источники по истории культуры эвенов, которые принадлежат к коренным малочисленным народам Севера, Сибири и Дальнего Востока. Автор анализирует все существующие историграфические источники, приводит их классификацию в хронологическом порядке
From the Historiography of the Kamchatka Evens
No full textThe article explores existing researches on the cultural history of the Evens, who belong to small-numbered indigenous peoples of the North, Siberia, and Far East. The author analyses all the historiographical researches, and classifies them according to the chronology.В статье рассматриваются источники по истории культуры эвенов, которые принадлежат к коренным малочисленным народам Севера, Сибири и Дальнего Востока. Автор анализирует все существующие историграфические источники, приводит их классификацию в хронологическом порядке
Lamunkhinsky Evens: Population and Settlement in 20<sup>th</sup> - 21<sup>st</sup> Centuries
No full textThe historical dynamics of the population and changes in settlement of one of the local groups of Yakutia Evens - lamunkhintsy - is considered. The author emphasizes that the territory of residence of this group of the Evens is one of the few areas of settlement of Yakutia Evens, where the traditional culture and native language is still preserved. It is reported that currently the boundary of the settlement of this ethnic group is limited by the administrative border of the municipality “Lamynkhinsky national nasleg” of Kobyaysky District of Sakha Republic (Yakutia). The novelty of the study is in determining the number of the Even population in the target group on the basis of previously unclaimed primary sources, census of the population of Yakutia and documents of the regional archives. Features of settlement of this group of the Evens are characterized according to the census of the population in 1926-1927 and 1939 due to the lack of information on the number of lamynkhinsky Evens for this period in Russian historiography. The causes of fluctuations in population and changes of the territory occupied by the local group of the Evens in the 20th - early 21st century are identified. The article presents the results of the project No. 17-11-14003 supported by the Russian Humanitarian Scientific Fund
The Yakut Evens’ Culture of Calendar Holidays: Traditions and Modernity (Symbolism of Rituals)
No full textThe article is devoted to the celebration of the ritual of the indigenous peoples of the North, Siberia and the Far East. The author examines in detail the ritual symbolism of the Even ethno-cultural groups residing in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). In the celebrations and ceremonies Evens manifest the ancient cultures of the people associated with the worship of Mother Nature, Fire, sacred animals.Статья посвящена празднично-обрядовой деятельности коренных малочисленных народов Севера, Сибири и Дальнего Востока. Автор подробно рассматривает символику обрядовой деятельности эвенской этнокультурной группы, проживающей в Республике Саха (Якутия). В праздниках и обрядах эвенов проявляются древние культуры этого народа, связанные с почитанием Матери-природы, духа-огня, священных животных
The Yakut Evens’ Culture of Calendar Holidays: Traditions and Modernity (Symbolism of Rituals)
No full textThe article is devoted to the celebration of the ritual of the indigenous peoples of the North, Siberia and the Far East. The author examines in detail the ritual symbolism of the Even ethno-cultural groups residing in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia). In the celebrations and ceremonies Evens manifest the ancient cultures of the people associated with the worship of Mother Nature, Fire, sacred animals.Статья посвящена празднично-обрядовой деятельности коренных малочисленных народов Севера, Сибири и Дальнего Востока. Автор подробно рассматривает символику обрядовой деятельности эвенской этнокультурной группы, проживающей в Республике Саха (Якутия). В праздниках и обрядах эвенов проявляются древние культуры этого народа, связанные с почитанием Матери-природы, духа-огня, священных животных
Images оf the Antipode-Demiurges in the Creation Myths of the Evenks and the Evens
No full textMyths take a significant place in the folklore tradition of the Evenks and the Evens. Among them the texts of the myths stand out that are united by the theme of the world’s creation. Moreover, in the culture of these people among the stories of the creation of the world particularly the creation myths of the earth are presented. The article describes the antipodes Hargi (the Evenks) and Aringka (the Evens), acting as creator’s assistant Seveki and Hevki in the creation of the world. In the myths of the creation the Hargi’s image evolves from the “inept” wannabe - co-creator to the evil antipode - demiurge. Everything that Hargi created on the outlooks of the Evenks is harmful for the person and all worlds around. According to the materials, the Hargi’s image is presented only in the Evenk mythology of the creation, neither in the epic, nor in other folklore works. The Even’s Aringki, acting as a co-creator of the earth, is the antipode of the deity Hevki. In the myths of creation, this hero acts as a personalized character having its own name. According to the materials of the Even’s folklore, unlike the Evenk Hargi, the character Aringka went beyond the myths of the creation and became the hero of various folklore genres. In heroic legends he often acts as the main negative character, opposing the main hero or heroine. The analysis of the etymology revealed that the name of the Evenk co-creator is associated with the evil ghost, reviving again and again through the devilry. The author defines the general conclusion that the antipodes of the creators in the myths of creation the Evenks and the Evens keep community and also have its own specifics
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