702 research outputs found
Supplemental_Table_1_5-22-2019 - The Association between Use of Online Social Networks to Find Sex Partners and Sexually Transmitted Infection Diagnosis among Young Men Who Have Sex with Men and Transgender Women Living with HIV
No full textSupplemental_Table_1_5-22-2019 for The Association between Use of Online Social Networks to Find Sex Partners and Sexually Transmitted Infection Diagnosis among Young Men Who Have Sex with Men and Transgender Women Living with HIV by Parya Saberi, Torsten B. Neilands, Michelle A. Lally, Sybil G. Hosek and Lisa Hightow-Weidman in Journal of the International Association of Providers of AIDS Care (JIAPAC)</p
Erratum To: The effect of executive walk rounds on nurse safety climate attitudes: A randomized trial of clinical units [ISRCTN85147255]
No full textEric J. Thomas is with the Department of Internal Medicine, The University of Texas Medical School at Houston, Houston, TX, USA -- J. Bryan Sexton is with the Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins Quality and Safety Research Group, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA -- Torsten B. Neilands is with the Center for AIDS Prevention Studies (CAPS), University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA -- Allan Frankel is with the Partners Healthcare System, Prudential Tower, Boston, MA, USA -- Robert L. Helmreich is with the Department of Psychology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USAFollowing publication of this article [1], the study was included in the International Standard Randomised Controlled Trial Number (ISRCTN) Register and assigned the number [email protected]
Understanding adolescent sexually abstinent behavior and intentions through structural equation modeling and use of the integrated theory
No full textAdolescent sex research, historically, has suffered from 4 limitations: a lack of theoretical grounding to guide the development of hypotheses (in individual studies); the absence of a multidimensional theoretical model on sexual behavior; use of simple univariate/bivariate analytic techniques; and little systematic study of sexual abstinence. These remain important limitations, as the federal government has increased its allocation of millions of dollars annually for abstinence-promotion programs and 1 in 5 US teens still report having had sexual intercourse before the age of 15. The purpose of this dissertation study was to utilize structural equation modeling to 1) test The Integrated Theory in explaining adolescentsâ sexually abstinent behavior and intentions to remain abstinent before marriage, and 2) refine the theory to reflect which elements contribute more powerfully to the explanation of adolescentsâ behavior and intentions. An anonymous, theory-based paper-and-pencil questionnaire was administered to 2 non-random samples of 7th/8th grade youth (Wave 1 N = 451, Wave 2 N = 448), taking part in a broader evaluation study of Title V-funded abstinence-only-until-marriage education programs in Texas. The questionnaire assessed adolescentâ s self-reported sexual behaviors, intentions to remain abstinent, environmental constraints, beliefs, subjective norms, pro-abstinence self-standards, emotions regarding sexual abstinence and sex before marriage, and self-efficacy. Measurement modeling provided sufficient evidence for establishing construct validity. Initial structural model fit (Wave 2 data) was satisfactory; however, a refined model demonstrated better fit, yielding a Ï 2/df ratio of 3.16, CFI/TLI values of 0.73/0.95, and RMSEA and WRMR values of 0.07 and 0.86, respectively. Greater endorsement of abstinence-related standards predicted stronger beliefs toward staying abstinent, stronger perceptions that others endorse pro-abstinence norms, and a greater self-efficacy to remain abstinent until marriage. In turn, beliefs, perceived norms, and self-efficacy were predictive of intentions (β = .379, .300, and .273, respectively, p â ¤ .001). I found similar findings in a second modeling analysis (replication) using a second but similar set of sample data (from Wave 1). Results indicate The Integrated Theory may be useful in explaining adolescentsâ intention to remain abstinent and their subsequent abstinent behavior. I identify several implications for future study and health education practice
If someone cares about you, you are more apt to come around: improving HIV care engagement by strengthening the patient–provider relationship
No full textTroy J Wood,1 Kimberly A Koester,2 Katerina A Christopoulos,3 John A Sauceda,1 Torsten B Neilands,1 Mallory O Johnson1 1Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA; 2AIDS Policy Research Center, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA; 3Zuckerberg San Francisco General Hospital, Division of HIV, ID and Global Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA Purpose: The patient–provider relationship is a central factor that can promote or hinder long-term engagement in care among people living with chronic illnesses. In this paper, we explore characteristics of the patient–provider relationship that facilitated or hindered engagement in care among patients receiving care at HIV specialty clinics.Patients and methods: We conducted 6 focus group discussions with a total of 43 well-retained and less well-retained HIV+ patients in San Francisco, Seattle, and Birmingham, to elicit a wide range of perspectives on engagement in HIV care. Borrowing from the field of psychotherapy, we examined patient–provider relationship characteristics through the lens of the therapeutic alliance, and with regard to their therapeutic efficacy and impact on patient engagement.Results: The majority of participants emphasized how a strong patient–provider relationship defined by trust, intimacy, and collaboration promoted engagement, while a weak patient–provider relationship impeded engagement.Conclusion: We discuss practical strategies and therapeutic techniques that may be helpful to providers in building strong patient–provider relationship and contend that a strong patient–provider relationship is crucial for patients to feel cared for during clinical encounters, which can promote long-term and sustained engagement in HIV care. Keywords: focus groups, engagement in care, therapeutic alliance, psychotherapy, HIV, HIV care 
Sample Size for Joint Testing of Indirect Effects
No full textThis paper presents methods to calculate sample size for evaluating mediation by joint testing of both links in an indirect pathway from exposure to mediator to outcome. Calculations rely on simulations of the underlying data structure, with testing of the two links performed under the simplifying assumption that the two test statistics are asymptotically independent. Simulations show that the proposed methods are accurate. Continuous and binary exposures and mediators, as well as continuous, binary, count, and survival outcomes are accommodated, along with over-dispersion of count outcomes, design effects, and confounding of the exposure-mediator and mediator-outcome relationships. An illustrative example is provided, and a documented R program implementing the calculations is available online
Transgender women of color: discrimination and depression symptoms
No full textPURPOSE: Trans women of color contend with multiple marginalizations; the purpose of this study is to examine associations between experiencing discriminatory (racist/transphobic) events and depression symptoms. It uses a categorical measure of combined discrimination, and examines a protective association of transgender identity on depression symptoms.
DESIGN/METHODOLOGY/APPROACH: Data from a subset of trans women of color participants in the Sheroes study were analyzed with linear and logistic regression. Associations of depression symptoms with racist and transphobic events, combined discrimination, coping self-efficacy, and transgender identity were assessed with odds ratios.
FINDINGS: Exposure to discriminatory events and combined discrimination positively associated with depression symptom odds. Increased transgender identity associated with increased coping self-efficacy, which negatively associated with depression symptom odds.
RESEARCH LIMITATIONS/IMPLICATIONS: Cross-sectional study data prohibits inferring causality; results support conducting longitudinal research on discrimination's health effects, and research on transgender identity. Results also support operationalizing intersectionality in health research. The study's categorical approach to combined discrimination may be replicable in studies with hard to reach populations and small sample sizes.
PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS: Health programs could pursue psychosocial interventions and anti-discrimination campaigns. Interventions might advocate increasing participants' coping self-efficacy while providing space to explore and develop social identity.
SOCIAL IMPLICATIONS: There is a need for policy and health programs to center trans women of color concerns.
ORIGINALITY/VALUE: This study examines combined discrimination and identity in relation to depression symptoms among trans women of color, an underserved population.
PAPER TYPE: Research paper
Corrigendum: A novel multiple-stage antimalarial agent that inhibits protein synthesis.
No full textCorrigendum to "A novel multiple-stage antimalarial agent that inhibits protein synthesis" Nature 522, 315–320 (18 June 2015) doi:10.1038/nature14451. Torsten Luksch was inadvertently omitted from the author list
Low school engagement and sexual behaviors among African American youth: Examining the influences of gender, peer norms, and gang involvement
No full textSchool Engagement, Peer Influences, and Sexual Behaviors Among High School African American Adolescent Boys
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