14 research outputs found
The select works of Oliver Goldsmith : in one volume : with the portrait of the author
No full textA f. de grav., retrato do aut.: "H. Winkles sc
The understanding and transfer of intellectual skills in simple trigonometry
No full textThis thesis was scanned from the print manuscript for digital preservation and is copyright the author.
Researchers can access this thesis by asking their local university, institution or public library to
make a request on their behalf. Monash staff and postgraduate students can use the link in the References field
The physiological ecology and life history strategies of the nudibranch molluscs 'Adalaria proxima' (Alder & Hancock) and 'Onchidoris muricata' (Müller) (Gastropoda: Opisthobranchia)
No full textThis
study investigated the physiological ecology, larval biology
and population
genetics of the nudibranch molluscs Adalaria proxima
(A & H)
and Onchidoris muricata
(Müller). These two species are annual, simultaneous hermaphrodites and are ecologically
very similar with the exception that A. proxima reproduces by
means of pelagic
lecithotrophic larvae whereas Omuricata has long-term planktotrophic larvae. The aim of
the study was therefore to determine the selective pressures which resulted in the evolution of
different larval types in these two species, and to ascertain the ecological and population
genetic consequences thereof.
Simple
energy budgets comprising the major components (consumption, growth,
respiration and reproduction) were constructed for laboratory populations of each species. In
both A. proxima and O. muricata,
feeding rate displayed an asymptotic increase with
body
size.
Mean feeding rates of
A. proxima were greater than those of comparable O. muricata
individuals,
and overall assimilation efficiency was higher in A. proxima than in O. muricata.
This difference was reflected in the somatic growth rates which were correspondingly greater
in A. proxima than in O. muricata.
Net
growth efficiencies were broadly comparable between
the two species, however, growth of
A. proxima was approximately linear
over' time whilst
that of
O. muricata
displayed a curvilinear, almost exponential, pattern.
This is interpreted as
demonstrating that some form
of constraint (possibly feeding rate) operated on the growth
rates of
A. proxima
but
not on those of
O. muricata.
Respiration rates were found to be relatively constant within given animals, but
significant differences were found between individuals. The
allometry of respiration rate
was not constant; Omuricata demonstrated a more rapid
increase in
respiration rate with
increasing body
size than did A. proxima.
Individual
variations
in
respiration rate did
not
reflect variations in the energy partitioned to either growth or reproduction.
Reproductive patterns in the two species were dissimilar. A. proxima
laid fewer
spawn masses containing fewer, larger ova than those laid by O. muricata
individuals. In
addition, the spawning period of
A. proxima was shorter than that of
O. muricata
(60 days
and
105 days respectively). Both
species exhibited a similar
(proportional) degree of somatic
catabolism over these periods. The
consequently more rapid
"degrowth"
of
A. proxima
is
interpreted as the necessary utilization of an energy resource (i. e. the soma) caused by
an
inability to meet the energy demands of reproduction through feeding alone.
This
was not
the case in Oanuricata individuals
which exhibited a much smaller maximum body size and
were able to feed at a sufficiently rapid rate to maintain reproduction.
In the latter case, the
longer reproductive period served to maximise the total reproductive output.
Several different
measures of
"Reproductive Effort" (RE)
were calculated.
These
generally indicated that the RE
of
Omuricata
was considerably greater than that of
A. proxima.
Although
such differences have been used in the literature to classify the
respective costs of
different larval types or
"reproductive strategies", the variability of the
RE's obtained from
the different
measures used here has led to the suggestion that the
general lack
of association between RE
and reproductive strategy which
has been reported
elsewhere may
(partially) be attributable to the different
measures of
RE
employed in
different
studies.
Studies of the embryonic and larval
period showed that the egg-to-juvenile period of
O. muricata was approximately 50% longer than that of
A. proxima.
This difference was
primarily attributable to the extended pelagic development of
O. muricata
larvae. Estimates
of the degree of
dispersal, and hence gene-flow, between populations of these species were
tested by investigating the biochemical genetics of such populations. No data were available
for O. muricata,
but A. proxima populations proved to be more genetically heterogeneous
than had been expected. It is therefore concluded that actual pelagic dispersal may be
considerably abbreviated over that expected on the basis of
larval
culture
data alone.
A
model is developed to explain the possible consequences of
different
egg-to-juvenile periods (which
accrue from different larval types) on
both
the ecology of the
benthic adult, and on overall energy partitioning to reproduction.
However,
although
(probable) proximate causes and effects of the different reproductive traits exhibited by
A. proxima and Oanuricata
are shown, it has not
been possible to determine the exact
selective pressures which caused A. proxima to diverge from the ancestral "O. muricata"
stock through the evolution of a pelagic lecithotrophic larva
The Winkles, or, The merry monomaniacs [electronic resource] : an American picture with portraits of the natives / by the author of "Wild Western Scenes," etc.
No full textLocal research networks are a cost-effective way of improving recruitment to clinical trials
No full textCVD growth and optimal transfer processes for graphene
No full textThesis: S.M., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, 2018.This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.Cataloged from student-submitted PDF version of thesis.Includes bibliographical references (pages 48-50).Graphene has been regarded as a good candidate to make a breakthrough in various applications including electronics, sensors and spintronics due to its exceptional physical properties. To realize those practical applications, a high quality homogeneous wafer-scale graphene is required. Among various synthesis methods, chemical vapor deposition (CVD) has been a focus of attention as the most promising and cost-efficient deposition techniques, with advantages of its excellent repeatability and controllability, to produce large area graphene crystals on transition metal catalyst substrates. In particular, Cu with low carbon solid solubility is suitable to obtain uniform single layer deposition of graphene over large areas. Here, we report reliable method to grow high-quality continuous graphene film by CVD. Their surface properties and electrical transport characteristics are explored by several characterization techniques. In CVD process, furthermore, a subsequent transfer process to a substrate of interest is required for a wide variety of applications, especially in electronics and photonics, because the metal substrates necessary to catalyze the CVD graphene growth cannot be used. It is important not only to improve quality of as-grown graphene by optimizing growth system but also to develop transfer methods to prevent degradation in quality while transferring as-grown graphene to target substrates. In the case of wet transfer, surface tension of the liquid such as an etching agent or water contributes to make inevitable ripples, wrinkles and cracks. In this regard, we demonstrate new transfer methods by selecting a new polymeric support materials in order to reduce the number of winkles, defects and residues.by Seong Soon Jo.S.M
Prospective randomised trial examining the impact of an educational intervention versus usual care on anticoagulation therapy control based on an SAMe-TT 2 R 2 score-guided strategy in anticoagulant-naïve Thai patients with atrial fibrillation (TREATS-AF): A study protocol
No full textIntroduction The burden of atrial fibrillation (AF) in Thailand is high and associated with increased morbidity, mortality and healthcare costs. Vitamin K antagonists (eg, warfarin), commonly used for stroke prevention in patients with AF in Thailand, are effective but are often suboptimally controlled. We aim to evaluate the impact of an SAMe-TT 2 R 2 score-guided strategy and educational intervention compared to usual care on anticoagulation control expressed by the time in therapeutic range (TTR) at 12 months, in anticoagulant-naïve Thai patients with AF. Methods and analysis Multicentre, open-label, parallel-group, randomised controlled trial conducted in Thailand among adult patients (age: 18 years) with AF who are anticoagulant naïve. Patients will be randomised to one of two groups; an SAMe-TT 2 R 2 score-guided strategy with educational intervention and usual care versus usual care alone. The planned follow-up period is 12 months. The primary outcome is TTR at 12 months. Secondary outcomes include: (1) TTR at 6 months; (2) thromboembolic and bleeding events at 12 months; (3) composite major adverse cardiovascular events at 12 months; (4) change in patients' knowledge of AF between baseline and 6 months and 12 months; (5) cost effectiveness; (6) quality of life at baseline, 6 months and 12 months using EQ-5D-5L (Thai version) and (7) patient satisfaction/perceptions of the TREAT intervention. An embedded qualitative study will assess patient perceptions of the TREAT intervention. Ethics and dissemination The study has been approved by the Ethical Review Committee, Ministry of Public Health of Thailand, and registered in the Thai Clinical Trials Registry. The results of this trial will be submitted for publication in a peer-reviewed journal. Participants will be informed via a link to a preview of the publication. A lay summary will also be provided to all participants prior to publication. Trial registration number TCTR20180711003
Prospective randomised trial examining the impact of an educational intervention versus usual care on anticoagulation therapy control based on an SAMe-TT2R2 score-guided strategy in anticoagulant-naïve Thai patients with atrial fibrillation (TREATS-AF): a study protocol
No full textIntroduction The burden of atrial fibrillation (AF) in Thailand is high and associated with increased morbidity, mortality and healthcare costs. Vitamin K antagonists (eg, warfarin), commonly used for stroke prevention in patients with AF in Thailand, are effective but are often suboptimally controlled. We aim to evaluate the impact of an SAMe-TT2R2 score-guided strategy and educational intervention compared to usual care on anticoagulation control expressed by the time in therapeutic range (TTR) at 12 months, in anticoagulant-naïve Thai patients with AF.Methods and analysis Multicentre, open-label, parallel-group, randomised controlled trial conducted in Thailand among adult patients (age: 18 years) with AF who are anticoagulant naïve. Patients will be randomised to one of two groups; an SAMe-TT2R2 score-guided strategy with educational intervention and usual care versus usual care alone. The planned follow-up period is 12 months. The primary outcome is TTR at 12 months. Secondary outcomes include: (1) TTR at 6 months; (2) thromboembolic and bleeding events at 12 months; (3) composite major adverse cardiovascular events at 12 months; (4) change in patients’ knowledge of AF between baseline and 6 months and 12 months; (5) cost effectiveness; (6) quality of life at baseline, 6 months and 12 months using EQ-5D-5L (Thai version) and (7) patient satisfaction/perceptions of the TREAT intervention. An embedded qualitative study will assess patient perceptions of the TREAT intervention.Ethics and dissemination The study has been approved by the Ethical Review Committee, Ministry of Public Health of Thailand, and registered in the Thai Clinical Trials Registry. The results of this trial will be submitted for publication in a peer-reviewed journal. Participants will be informed via a link to a preview of the publication. A lay summary will also be provided to all participants prior to publication.Trial registration number TCTR20180711003
Paramesius brachypterus Thomson 1859
No full text<i>Paramesius brachypterus</i> Thomson, 1859 <p>(Figs 1, 2, 6, 33)</p> <p> <i>Paramesius brachypterus</i> Thomson, 1859: 371.</p> <p> <i>Paramesius angustipennis</i> Kieffer, 1911: 762. Synonymized by Macek (2001).</p> <p> <i>Paramesius cameroni</i> Kieffer, 1911: 767. Synonymized by Macek (2001).</p> <p> <i>Paramesius spinosus</i> Kieffer, 1910: 753. Preoccupied by <i>P. spinosus</i> (Ashmead, 1893).</p> <p> <i>Paramesius spiniger</i> Kieffer, 1912: 22. (Replacement name), <b>syn. nov.</b></p> <p> <i>Paramesius spinosus atriventris</i> Kieffer, 1910: 753, <b>syn. nov.</b></p> <p> <b>Taxonomic remark</b>. In the original description of <i>Paramesius angustipennis</i> Kieffer, 1911, the author used the spelling <i>augustipennis</i>, but in all of his later papers he changed the original name and spelt it as <i>angustipennis</i> (Kieffer, 1912; 1916) without an obvious reason or explicit statement of intention. However, we follow the article 33.2. of the ICZN (1999) which states that “when an unjustified emendation is in prevailing usage and is attributed to the original author and date it is deemed to be a justified emendation” and use the spelling <i>angustipennis</i> with the original author and date here.</p> <p> <b>Diagnosis.</b> Body length 2.4–3.6 mm; pronotal cervical area densely pubescent, with numerous short and long setae; neck pubescent (Fig. 2); pleurostoma with sharp blade throughout (Fig. 4); wings reaching to half of T2 length to apex of metasoma or weakly longer; petiole ventrally with dense woolly pubescence (Fig. 6); propodeum with posterior margin in dorsal view weakly arcuate (Fig. 1); notauli full; mesoscutal suprahumeral sulcus absent (Fig. 1); male keel on A4 extending from base to half of segment length.</p> <p> <b>Variation.</b> Face sculptured with horizontal winkles or smooth. Occipital flange smooth or punctured, narrow to moderately broad. Neck densely to poorly pubescent. Female. Body length 2.5–3.6 mm. Wings 0.45–0.72 times as long as body. A10–A13 or A9– A13 dark brown. A10–A 12 in dorsal view subquadrate to distinctly elongate. Petiole 0.26–0.30 times as long as T2. Anterior scutellar pit with 2–4 carinae. Brachypterous specimens with diminished mesosoma and flattened mesoscutum. Male. Body length 2.4–3.6 mm. A1–A12 yellow to brown. Anterior scutellar pit with 4–6 carinae. Petiole 0.45–0.56 times as long as T2.</p> <p> <b>Material examined.</b> Syntype: ♀ (MHNH) labelled “ Paramesius / spinosus K.”, “Vaud” [Switzerland], “Suisse”, “Type”, “Muséum Paris/ Collection/ Ernest André/ 1914”. Syntype: ♀ (MHNH) labelled “ Paramesius / spinosus/ var./ atriventris”, “ Holotype ”, “Muséum Paris/ 1957/ coll. Kieffer ”, “ Paramesius / spiniger var./ atriventris K./ Type!/ P. L. G. Benoit det. 1956” [England]. UKRAINE. <b>Cherkasy Prov</b>., Dnepr, vicinity of Kanev, 20– 27.VII.1966, VT, 1♂. RUSSIA. <b>Kaliningrad Prov</b>., vicinity of Svetlogorsk, 1–12.VIII.1994 and 30.VII.2000, VK, 2♀, 3♂. <b>Smolensk Prov.</b>, NP ”Smolenskoye Poozerye”, 4 km S from Przhevalskoye, 10–15. VI.1991, DK, 1♂.</p> <p> <b>Belgorod Prov</b>., near Borysovka, 19–20. VI.2012, VC, 2♂. <b>Moscow Prov.</b>, 12 km SW of Moscow, 23.VII.1975, V. Kostukov, 3♂; Moscow City, Bittsevskiy Park, 28.VIII.1993, 1 6–30.IX.1993, 10.X.1993 and 15–30.V.1994, VK, 2♀, 4♂; Katuary, 16–18.VIII.1954, B. Rodendorf, 2♂; Krasnozavodsk, 25.VII.1981, V. Alekseev, 1♂; Sokolniki, 10.VIII.1993, VK, 1♂; Pavlovskaya Sloboda, 13.IX.1993, VK, 1♀; Moscow City, 1 4–15.IX.1963, K. Arnoldi, 3♀; 102 km NE from Moscow, near Yaroslavskoe highway, 26.VII.1981, V. Alekseev, 1♂; Podolsk, 18–23.V.2010, K. Tomkovich, 1♀. <b>Primorsky Terr.,</b> 15 km E from Chernigovka, 20.VII.1991, SB, 1♀; Novokachalinsk, 10. VI.1972, AP, 1♀.</p> <p> <b>Distribution</b>. England (Kieffer 1910 as <i>P. spinosus</i> var. <i>atriventris</i>); Switzerland (Kieffer 1910, as <i>P. spinosus</i>); Germany, Austria, Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland (Macek, 2001); Ukraine (Tymochko 2017), Russia (European part (Kozlov 1978), *Far East).</p> <p> <b>Remark.</b> The syntype of <i>Paramesius spinosus</i> var. <i>atriventris</i> is in a bad condition (Notton, 2004), but it is possible to see that pleurostoma with sharp blade throughout, wings brachypterous, petiole ventrally with woolly pubescence, posterior margin of propodeum weakly arcuate and the antennae similar with <i>Paramesius brachypterus</i>.</p>Published as part of <i>Chemyreva, Vasilisa G. & Kolyada, Victor A., 2018, Review of the genus Paramesius Westwood, 1832 (Hymenoptera: Diapriidae, Spilomicrini) from Russia, with description of four new species, pp. 453-472 in Zootaxa 4524 (4)</i> on page 458, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4524.4.3, <a href="http://zenodo.org/record/2610662">http://zenodo.org/record/2610662</a>
Study protocol for a cluster randomised trial of sterile glove and instrument change at the time of wound closure to reduce surgical site infection in low- and middle-income countries (CHEETAH)
No full textBackgroundSurgical site infection (SSI) represents a major burden for patients, doctors, and health systems around the world. The aim of this trial is to assess whether the practice of using separate sterile gloves and instruments to close wounds at the end of surgery compared to current routine hospital practice can reduce surgical site infection at 30-days post-surgery for patients undergoing clean-contaminated, contaminated, or dirty abdominal surgery.MethodsThis study protocol describes a pragmatic, international, multi-centre, 2-arm, cluster randomised controlled trial, with an internal pilot. Clusters are defined as hospitals within low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) defined by the Development Assistance Committee (DAC) Official Development Assistance (ODA) list, where there are at least 4 eligible hospitals per country. Hospitals (clusters) must be in LMICs where glove and instrument change are not currently routine practice. Patients (adults and children) undergoing emergency or elective abdominal surgery for a clean-contaminated, contaminated, or dirty operation are eligible for inclusion. Before closing the abdominal wall, surgeons and the scrub nurse will change gloves and use separate, sterile instruments (intervention), versus no changing gloves or using separate, sterile instruments (standard practice, control). The primary outcome is SSI within 30 days after surgery, using the Centre for Disease Control (CDC) criteria. Secondary outcomes are SSI before point of hospital discharge, and readmission, reoperation, length of hospital stay, return to normal activities, and death up to 30-days after surgery. A 12-month internal pilot, including 12 clusters and approximately 600 participants, aims to assess adherence to allocation and follow-up of patients. The main trial is powered to detect a minimum reduction in the primary outcome from 16 to 12%. A total of 12,800 participants will be recruited from 64 clusters (hospitals) each including at least 200 participants.DiscussionChange of gloves and sterile instruments prior to fascial closure in abdominal surgery is a low-cost, simple, intraoperative intervention which involves all members of the surgical and scrub team. If effective at reducing SSI, this practice could be readily implemented across all contexts. The findings of this trial will inform future guideline updates from international healthcare organisations, including the World Health Organization.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov NCT03980652. Registered on 9 July 201
