3,803 research outputs found
Sequence effects in categorization of simple perceptual stimuli
No full textCategorization research typically assumes that the cognitive system has access to a (more or less noisy) representation of the absolute magnitudes of the properties of stimuli and that this information is used in reaching a categorization decision. However, research on identification of simple perceptual stimuli suggests that people have very poor representations of absolute magnitude information and that judgments about absolute magnitude are strongly influenced by preceding material. The experiments presented here investigate such sequence effects in categorization tasks. Strong sequence effects were found. Classification of a borderline stimulus was more accurate when preceded by a distant member of the opposite category than by a distant member of the same category. It is argued that this category contrast effect cannot be accounted for by extant exemplar or decision-bound models of categorization. The effect suggests the use of relative magnitude information in categorization. A memory and contrast model illustrates how relative magnitude information may be used in categorization
Dissimilarity is used as evidence of category membership in multidimensional perceptual categorization: a test of the similarity-dissimilarity generalized context model
No full textIn exemplar models of categorization, the similarity between an exemplar and category members constitutes evidence that the exemplar belongs to the category. We test the possibility that the dissimilarity to members of competing categories also contributes to this evidence. Data were collected from two 2-dimensional perceptual categorization experiments, one with lines varying in orientation and length and the other with coloured patches varying in saturation and brightness. Model fits of the similarity-dissimilarity generalized context model were used to compare a model where only similarity was used with a model where both similarity and dissimilarity were used. For the majority of participants the similarity-dissimilarity model provided both a significantly better fit and better generalization, suggesting that people do also use dissimilarity as evidence
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The 40th AAAS Gordon Conference on nuclear chemistry
No full textI am pleased to speak at the Fortieth Gordon Conference on Nuclear Chemistry. I served as Chairman of the first Gordon Conference on Nuclear Chemistry held June 23--27, 1952, at New Hampton, New Hampshire. In my remarks, during which I shall quote from my journal, I shall describe some of the background leading up to the first Gordon Conference on Nuclear Chemistry and my attendance at the first seven Gordon Conferences during the period 1952 through 1958. I shall also quote my description of my appearance as the featured speaker at the Silver Anniversary of the Gordon Research Conferences on December 27, 1956 held at the Commodore Hotel in New York City. I shall begin with reference to my participation in the predecessor to the Gordon Conferences, the Gibson Island Research Conferences 45 years ago, on Thursday, June 20, 1946, as a speaker. This was 15 years after the start of these conferences in 1931. Neil Gordon played a leading role in these conferences, which were named (in 1948) in his honor -- the Gordon Research Conferences -- soon after they were moved to Colby Junior College, New London, New Hampshire in 1947. W. George Parks became Director in 1947, Alexander Cruickshank became Assistant Director in 1947 and Director in 1968
Phenotypic characterization of CD3-7+ cells in developing human intestine and an analysis of their ability to differentiate into T cells
No full textWe have identified a large population of CD3–7+ cells in human fetal gut. Three- and four-color flow cytometry revealed a distinct surface Ag profile on this population; the majority were negative for CD4 and CD8, whereas most of the remainder expressed the CD8?? homodimer. In contrast about half of CD3+ cells expressed CD4 and half expressed CD8?. A large proportion of CD3–7+ cells expressed CD56, CD94, and CD161, and whereas CD3+ T cells also expressed CD161, they only rarely expressed CD56 or CD94. Further studies were conducted to determine whether the CD3–7+ cells have the potential to differentiate into CD3+ cells. About half of CD3–7+ cells contain intracellular CD3?. Rearranged TCR ?-chains were detected in highly purified CD3–7+ cells as an early molecular sign of T cell commitment, and the pattern of rearrangement with V regions spliced to the most 5' J? segment is reminiscent of early thymocyte differentiation. In reaggregate thymic organ cultures, CD3–7+ cells also gave rise to CD3+ T cells. Thus, we demonstrate that the CD3–7+ cells present in the human fetal gut display a distinct phenotype and are able to develop into CD3+ T cells
The effect of category variability in perceptual categorization
No full textExemplar and distributional accounts of categorization make differing predictions for the classification of a critical exemplar precisely halfway between the nearest exemplars of 2 categories differing in variability. Under standard conditions of sequential presentation, the critical exemplar was classified into the most similar, least variable category, consistent with an exemplar account. However, if the difference in variability is made more salient, then the same exemplar is classified into the more variable, most likely category, consistent with a distributional account. This suggests that participants may be strategic in their use of either strategy. However, when the relative variability of 2 categories was manipulated, participants showed changes in the classification of intermediate exemplars that neither approach could account for
A program evaluation, factors affecting volunteer retention within the DeKalb County CASA program, 2002
No full textThis process evaluation focused on volunteer retention issues at the DeKalb County Court Appointed Special Advocate (CASA) Program. Literature on the topic of volunteer retention continually reports that the problem of retention can usually be linked to the motivation of the volunteer. Marlene Wilson reviewed researchers McClelland and Atkinson's work on motivation. They identified three distinct motives that affect people's work related behavior (Wilson, 1976): 'the need for achievement, the need for power, the need for affiliation.' The research considered all three motivations in varying degrees. This process evaluation assessed whether there is a relationship between status, current or former, and level of motivational satisfaction. The evaluation examined which motivational style is being catered to the most by the CASA staff: Affiliation, Achievement, Power, and Altruism. Additionally, this evaluation examined the relationship between the suggested motivational techniques and the effective management of the CASA volunteers. The Gordon Howard Assessment Tool was the instrument. The sample consisted of 27 current volunteers who were sent surveys through the mail. The sample also consisted of 7 former volunteers who were telephoned first for permission to mail them a survey. Those former volunteers who were not reached by telephone were sent surveys to their last known addresses. The participants vary in length of time in service, age, educational levels, occupation, and ethnicity. Ultimately, this research can be beneficial in recruiting, rewarding, and retaining volunteers
The campaign for democratic socialism 1960-1964.
No full textPhDIn early 1960 it seemed likely that the official Labour
Party defence policy would be defeated by a unilateralist
resolution at the Scarborough Conference. In response to
this possibility the Campaign for Democratic Socialism,
or CDS, was established.
The CDS projected the image of a grass-roots movement
inspired by Gaitskell's "fight and fight again" speech.
But it was run by a Campaign Committee which included
leading members of the Party like Tony Crosland, Roy
Jenkins and Patrick Gordon Walker, as well as less well
known members like Bill Rodgers, Dick Taverne, Philip
Williams, Brian Walden, Denis Howell and David Marquand.
This highly talented group launched an elaborate and
successful lobbying, publicity and briefing operation
which was influential in overturning the unilateralist
vote at the Blackpool Conference of 1961. After Blackpool
the Campaign helped many of its leading members find
seats in the House of Commons while continuing to put the
"revisionist" case through its newspaper Campaign.
The importance of the CDS in the history of the Labour
Party is, primarily, as the first internal pressure group
organised by the right of the Party. It was also the
first internal Party group to use such sophisticated
lobbying techniques. Moreover, the subsequent careers of
the leading members of the Campaign influenced the
development of the Labour Party. The CDS was an important
formative political action for many of them. Finally many
of the CDS supporters set-up or joined the SDP when it
was launched
Dataset for Rainfall interception and redistribution by a common North American understory and pasture forb, Eupatorium capillifolium (Lam. dogfennel)
No full textRaw data for Figures 3, 5, and 6 of related article, Gordon, D. A. R., Coenders-Gerrits, M., Sellers, B. A., Sadeghi, S. M. M., and Van Stan II, J. T.: Rainfall interception and redistribution by a common North American understory and pasture forb, Eupatorium capillifolium (Lam. dogfennel), Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci., 24, 4587–4599, https://doi.org/10.5194/hess-24-4587-2020.
Figure 3 shows rain amounts [mm] for individual storms and relative overstory throughfall [P_T,o, % of rain]. Figure 5 shows data points for the regressions relating throughfall and stemflow to storm magnitude. Figure 6 shows the normalized stemflow yields and funneling ratios for individual plants, ranked by normalized stemflow yield
Author Correction: A prospective observational study of post-COVID-19 chronic fatigue syndrome following the first pandemic wave in Germany and biomarkers associated with symptom severity (Nature Communications, (2022), 13, 1, (5104), 10.1038/s41467-022-3
No full textIn the author list of this article, the names of the authorswere incorrectly listed with initials and family name only. The incorrect author list read as “C. Kedor, H. Freitag, L. Meyer-Arndt, K. Wittke, L. G. Hanitsch, T. Zoller, F. Steinbeis, M. Haffke, G. Rudolf, B. Heidecker, T. Bobbert, J. Spranger, H. D. Volk, C. Skurk, F. Konietschke, F. Paul, U. Behrends, J. Bellmann-Strobl and C. Scheibenbogen”. The author list has now been amended to include the given and family names in the HTML and PDF versions of the article. The corrected author list reads as “Claudia Kedor, Helma Freitag, Lil Meyer-Arndt, Kirsten Wittke, Leif G. Hanitsch, Thomas Zoller, Fridolin Steinbeis, Milan Haffke, Gordon Rudolf, Bettina Heidecker, Thomas Bobbert, Joachim Spranger, Hans- Dieter Volk, Carsten Skurk, Frank Konietschke, Friedemann Paul, Uta Behrends, Judith Bellmann-Strobl and Carmen Scheibenbogen”
Revelstoke Independent Band
No full textRobert Gordon (Hon. Pres) Left to right back row: F. Leeming, T. Corley, Neil Lee, G. Knapp, M. Haner, Jas, Allan. Middle row: E. Edwards, J, Runger, R.H. Sawyer, J B. Scott, J. Armstrong. Front row: H. Sawyer, S.W. Hillier, Kaiser R. Armstrong, A. Hillier. COPY LOC ID: P1062-1160
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