1,471 research outputs found
Effects of active warm up on thermoregulation and intermittent-sprint performance in hot conditions
No full textThis study examined the effects of active warm up on thermoregulatory responses and intermittent-sprint cycle performance in hot conditions (35.5 ± 0.6 °C, RH 48.7 ± 3.4%). Eight trained males performed a 36-min, intermittent-sprint test (IST) after no (WUP 0), 10-min (WUP 10) or 20-min warm up (WUP 20). The IST contained 2-min blocks consisting of a 4-s sprint, 100 s active recovery and 20 s passive rest. Twice during the IST, there was a repeated-sprint bout (RSB) comprising five, 2-s sprints separated by ∼20 s. There were no significant differences between trials for mean work (3870 ± 757 versus 4028 ± 562 versus 3804 ± 494 J sprint−1), peak power (W) or work decrement (%). However, mean work was significantly less in RSB2 than RSB1 for WUP 20 only (P WUP 0; P < 0.05), but not significantly different between conditions following either RSB. Rectal temperature (Tre) was significantly higher after active warm up (37.0 ± 0.3 versus 37.3 ± 0.3 versus 37.7 ± 0.1 °C for WUP0, WUP10 and WUP20, respectively) and throughout the IST. The longer active warm up resulted in a greater increase in Tre and was associated with a decrease in short-term repeated-sprint ability (with incomplete recovery), but not prolonged, intermittent-sprint performance in the heat. As active warm up did not improve performance (<40 min), team-sport athletes may minimise changes in Tre (and the likelihood of heat illness) by avoiding excessive warm up when competing in the heat
DECAY OF SOLUTIONS OF MAXWELL-KLEIN-GORDON EQUATIONS WITH ARBITRARY MAXWELL FIELD
No full textIn the author's previous work, it has been shown that solutions of Maxwell-Klein-Gordon equations in R3+1 possess some form of global strong decay properties with data bounded in some weighted energy space. In this paper, we prove pointwise decay estimates for the solutions for the case when the initial data are merely small on the scalar field but can be arbitrarily large on the Maxwell field. This extends the previous result of Lindblad and Sterbenz, in which smallness was assumed both for the scalar field and the Maxwell field.SCI(E)ARTICLE81829-1902
Heat acclimation improves sweat gland function and lowers sweat sodium concentration in an adult with cystic fibrosis
No full textWe present novel data concerning the time-course of adaptations and potential benefits of heat acclimation for people with cystic fibrosis (pwCF), who are at greater risk of exertional heat illness. A 25-year-old male (genotype: delta-F508 and RH117, forced expiratory volume in 1-second: 77% predicted and baseline sweat [Na+]: 70 mmol∙L-1), who had previously experienced muscle cramping during exercise in ambient heat, underwent 10-sessions of heat acclimation (90-min at 40°C and in 40% relative humidity). Adaptations included; lower resting core temperature (-0.40°C) and heart rate (-6 beats∙min-1), plasma volume expansion (+6.0%) and, importantly, increased sweat loss (+370 mL) and sweat gland activity (+12 glands∙cm2) with decreased sweat [Na+] (-18 mmol∙L-1). Adaptations were maintained for at least 7-days, with no evidence of cramping during follow-up exercise-heat stress testing. These data suggest pwCF may benefit from heat acclimation to induce sudomotor function improvements, particularly reductions in sweat [Na+], however, further research is required
State-relevant Maxwell's equation from Kaluza-Klein theory
No full textWe study a five-dimensional perfect fluid coupled with Kaluza-Klein gravity. By dimensional reduction, a modified form of Maxwell's equation is obtained, which is relevant to the equation of state of the source. Since the relativistic magnetohydrodynamics and the three-dimensional formulation are widely used to study space matter, we derive the modified Maxwell's equations and relativistic magnetohydrodynamics in 3+1 form. We then take an ideal Fermi gas as an example to study the modified effect, which can be visible under high-density or high-energy conditions, while the traditional Maxwell's equation can be regarded as a result in the low density and low temperature limit. We also indicate the possibility to test the state-relevant effect of Kaluza-Klein theory in a telluric laboratory.http://gateway.webofknowledge.com/gateway/Gateway.cgi?GWVersion=2&SrcApp=PARTNER_APP&SrcAuth=LinksAMR&KeyUT=WOS:000251327400053&DestLinkType=FullRecord&DestApp=ALL_WOS&UsrCustomerID=8e1609b174ce4e31116a60747a720701Astronomy & AstrophysicsPhysics, Particles & FieldsSCI(E)0ARTICLE10null7
Foreign direct investment in a macroeconomic framework : finance, efficiency, incentives, and distortions
No full textDoes foreign direct investment (FDI) increase domestic investment, or does it provide additional foreign exchange for a pre-existing current account deficit, or some linear combination of the two? The author investigates this question for a group of five Pacific Basin countries and a control group of 11 other developing countries. For the sample of all 16 developing countries, the author finds that FDI does not provide additional balance of payments financing for a pre-existing current account deficit. In the control group of 11 developing countries, FDI is associated with reduced domestic investment - implying that FDI to those countries is simply a close substitute for other capital inflows. For the five Pacific Basin market economies, however, FDI raises domestic investment by the full extent of the FDI inflow. The author finds that FDI has a significantly negative impact on national saving in the sample of all 16 developing countries. For the control group, this negative effect is similar in magnitude to FDI's negative effect on domestic investment - implying a zero effect on the current account. But FDI's negative effect on national saving in the five Pacific Basin developing market economies implies that FDI could have more of a negative effect on the current account than through increased domestic investment alone. The author also investigates the impact of FDI on economic growth in these 16 countries, taking into account distortions in the economies. He estimates reduced-form current account equations, and presents an analytical framework for estimating FDI's effect on economic growth in the presence of incentive-disincentive packages and other economic distortions. He illustrates his framework using indicators of foreign trade and financial distortions. His main conclusion: the effect of FDI differs markedly from one group of countries to another. FDI has a negative effect on economic growth in the control group. It has the same positive effect on growth as domestically financed investment does in the Pacific Basin countries. The main cause for the different effect is the low level of distortion in the Pacific Basin countries.Environmental Economics&Policies,Economic Theory&Research,Foreign Direct Investment,International Terrorism&Counterterrorism,Macroeconomic Management
Clavaria, the species known from Oregon and the Pacific Northwest
No full textby Maxwell S. Doty.Includes bibliographical references (pages 63-66) and index.This archived document is maintained by the State Library of Oregon as part of the Oregon Documents Depository Program. It is for informational purposes and may not be suitable for legal purposes.Mode of access: Internet from the Oregon Government Publications Collection.Text in English
Influence of hypohydration on intermittent sprint performance in the heat
No full textTo examine the effect of hypohydration on physiological strain and intermittent
sprint exercise performance in the heat (35.5 ± 0.6°C, 48.7 ± 3.4% relative
humidity)
Design and testing of a thick-film dual-modality sensor for composition measurements in heterogeneous mixtures
No full textThe current paper focuses on design and laboratory evaluation of a dual-modality sensor, developed for the needs of oil and gas extraction industry to measure the composition of heterogeneous mixtures in harsh conditions. The sensor combines ultrasonic and electrical measurement techniques, which are non-destructive, rapid and can potentially provide an on-line industrial measurement. Such a ‘dual-modality’ measurement could potentially be reliable in a wider range of process conditions. A distinct feature of the sensors presented here is their construction, which makes use of the thick-film technology, enabling the construction of multi-layered structures of both conductive and non-conductive layers, some of which may exhibit piezoelectric properties for ultrasonic measurement purposes. These are later fired on a ceramic substrate to provide rugged sensors, capable of working in aggressive industrial environments. Laboratory experiments to investigate the feasibility of the dual-modality sensors were conducted and some comparisons with the theoretical predictions are presented
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A new type of massive spin-one boson: And its relation with Maxwell equations
No full textFirst, the author showed that in the (1, 0) {circle_plus} (0, 1) representation space there exist not one but two theories for charged particles. In the Weinberg construct, the boson and its antiboson carry same relative intrinsic parity, whereas in the author`s construct the relative intrinsic parities of the boson and its antiboson are opposite. These results originate from the commutativity of the operations of Charge conjugation and Parity in Weinberg`s theory, and from the anti-commutativity of the operations of Charge conjugation and Parity in the author`s theory. The author thus claims that he has constructed a first non-trivial quantum theory of fields for the Wigner-type particles. Second, the massless limit of both theories seems formally identical and suggests a fundamental modification of Maxwell equations. At its simplest level, the modification to Maxwell equations enters via additional boundary condition(s)
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