964 research outputs found
Greening and development in wheat seedlings
No full textThe greening of etiolated first leaf blades of wheat (Triticium aestivum Mercia) seedlings (referred to in the text as leaf tissue) was studied in relation to tissue age and water stress. Use was made of whole seedlings, excised leaf blades and leaf blade segments. Responses to photoperiodic illumination were measured as changes in the levels of chlorophyll, total soluble protein and nucleic acids (both total and specific fractions). The pattern of greening in the whole seedlings, excised leaf blades and leaf blade segments was essentially the same in 6 and 10 day-old dark-grown tissues, where chlorophyll accumulation followed the age sequence along the leaf. Least chlorophyll accumulated in the tip of leaves of both ages but the older leaves contained less overall pigment than the younger leaves. Patterns of total soluble protein and total nucleic acid accumulation did not reflect the pattern shown by the chlorophyll. Protein accumulated most in the tip region, with nucleic acids being highest in the middle region. Water stress treatment reduced chlorophyll accumulation in leaf blade tissue, particularly in the intact seedlings. Protein levels, however, were more variable and appeared to reflect the ability of the younger tissue to accumulate this compound as a stress metabolite. Total nucleic acid levels were also elevated under water stress. Again, these effects were most marked on the intact seedlings, implying that an effect on the roots was also involved. The data from polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of RNA fractions showed that the level of chloroplast RNA components was maintained up to 17 days for tissue incubated in the dark as well as in the light. Severe water stress treatments applied to the roots of whole seedlings resulted in the loss of ribosomal fraction in the leaves. However, this effect was not seen with mild water stress. Kinetin treatments during water stress did not appear to alter the pattern of cell component accumulation although in unstressed material, treatment with this compound enhanced chlorophyll accumulation slightly, especially in the young tissue. This indicates that, at the concentration used, the growth regulator was not able to alleviate the stress condition. The leaf blades of intact seedlings responded in a specific way which was much more pronounced than for excised leaf blades or leaf blade segments. It was concluded that some signalling was involved between the root and shoot tissues during water stress treatments
Greening textile industry in Vietnam
No full text The textile and garment industry has made a remarkable contribution to the economic development of Vietnam and employs currently a large labor force of 2.5 million people.However, the textile industry is also seen as a most polluting and unsustainable industry due to the use of excessive amounts of materials and the release of large amounts of pollutants into the environment. In order to improve the environmental sustainability and effectiveness of the textile industry in Vietnam this study has looked into preventive measure, reuse/recycling options and improved end-of-pipe technologies, separately and in combination. The end-of-pipe treatment is the last step in the greening production model. Textile wastewater is very difficult to treat, especially regarding the high color intensity. Removal of color from textile wastewater was studied by varying the pH, the application of a biological treatment step, the application of coagulation/flocculation and of Advanced Oxidation Processes (O3, O3/H2O2, Fenton’s reagent). The coagulation process was very effective in color removal of insoluble dyestuffs (98%), but this process is not so suitable for wastewater containing only soluble dyestuffs (12-55%). Of the Advanced Oxidation Processes, the Fenton’s reagent process was the most effective method for color removal (81-98%)for the four types of wastewater tested. The decolorization with the ozone process at low pH (pH 5)showed that direct oxidation by molecular ozone is much more selective in color removal than the oxidation by hydroxyl radicals. The presence of colloidal particles caused a 12-fold increase for ozone needed to obtain the same color removal efficiency as for a wastewater without colloidal particles.Each of the investigated processes could only remove one or a few types of pollutants from the wastewater, with the consequence that effluents could not meet all the discharge regulations. The combination of an activated sludge process, and a coagulation and ozone process yielded the best color (45 Pt-Co) and COD (30 mg O2/L) removal at the lowest costs (0.3 €/m3), compared with all other tested combinations. Separate collection of wastewater streams in a factory can also strongly contribute to the efficiency and sustainability of wastewater treatment. In the wet processes of the textile industry 75% of the total water consumption is for rinsing purposes. Wastewater from most rinsing steps contains low amounts of pollutants and can be reused in other process stages or can be discharged without treatment. An industrial ecology zone model, integrating preventive cleaner production approaches, a waste exchange network for reuse and recycling, and new end-of-pipe technologies, has been developed and assessed in two case studies: the Thanh Cong Company and the Nhon Trach 2 Industrial Zone. The greening production model developed for the Thanh Cong Company, a large-scale textile company in Hochiminh city, included the combination of cleaner production, external waste exchange and end-of-pipe technology. The dyestuffs, auxiliary chemicals, water and energy consumption can be reduced significantly when the proposed cleaner production, the external waste exchange options and the improved end-of-pipe technologies are implemented. Total benefits in savings per day can be more than 1,000 US$. The industrial ecology zone model was designed in three steps. Firstly the greening production model developed for the Thanh Cong Company was applied to all textile enterprises in the industrial ecology zone that was considered. Secondly an outside waste exchange network was designed. The outside network includes reuse of waste plastics, waste paper and waste oil at recycling companies in the neighborhood. The last step is to treat solid waste and polluted air and to treat and reuse wastewater for irrigation (cotton cultivation), for use in sanitary systems and to water plants in the industrial zone. The case studies of the greening production model and of the industrial ecology zone model demonstrated that a successful industrial ecology practice not only depends on the interaction between enterprises inside but also on the interaction with the actor networks outside the industrial system:the economic networks, the social networks and the policy networks. These networks can contribute in different ways to the implementation of the models. In the case study of a large textile company the economic network is very important in the implementation of the greening production model and in the case study of an industrial ecology zone the policy network play the most important role in the implementation of the industrial ecology model. </p
The green building envelope: Vertical greening
No full textPlanting on roofs and façades is one of the most innovative and fastest developing fields of green technologies with respect to the built environment and horticulture. This thesis is focused on vertical greening of structures and to the multi-scale benefits of vegetation. Vertical green can improve the environment in urban areas and is becoming a key design consideration in modern building developments. Vertical greening of structures offers large surfaces with vegetation and at the same time contribute to the improvement of the thermal behaviour of buildings, increased biodiversity, aesthetical and social aspects but also reduction of air polluting substances as fine dust, carbon dioxide, etc. There are different concepts of vertical green to vegetate the exterior building envelope; two major categories can be considered namely: green façades and living walls. Green façades are made up of climbing plants either growing directly on a wall or, more recently, growing indirectly against a wall with specially designed supporting structures, such as grids, trellis or meshes. Living wall systems (LWS) are composed of pre-vegetated panels or integrated fabric systems that are affixed to a structural wall or frame, whereas a hydroponical system is required to maintain plant growth. Living wall systems (LWS) is a relative new technology and rarely investigated yet. One of the multi-scale benefits of vegetation is the accumulation of fine dust particles on leaf surfaces. Dust particles smaller than 10 ?m are mainly relevant in dense urban areas, because they can be deeply inhaled into the respiratory system and cause damages for the human health. Results found during the doctoral study confirm the relation between particle origin, compound and particle number between different environments as the woodland and near a traffic road. Using image analyzing software on electron microscope images as shown in the thesis enables to study and examine dust particles directly on leaves; it is a process which is able to identify particle size and number. The productive approach contrasts with past research methods that identified dust concentration on tree leaves through washing or leaching of leaves to determine particle mass. Another important aspect of vertical greening is related to the thermal comfort and behaviour of buildings. The thermal transmittance (and thus insulation properties as well) of a building is among other things dependant by the wind velocity that passes the surface of the building. A study conducted for different greening systems shows the potential of vertical green layers on reducing the wind velocity along building façades. In the case of living wall systems the insulation properties of the materials used can be taken into account, as well as the air cavity between the system and the façade as proofed with the calculations. In order to study the effect of a green layer on the temperature gradient through a façade better, an experimental set-up was built (climate chambers). The experimental set-up as used, allows controlled measurements with different boundary conditions (temperatures), besides the measurements are repeatable and reproducible. The results show that especially the living wall systems have a positive effect on the thermal behaviour of buildings. Greening of the building envelope with living wall systems considering the materials involved, can has a high influence on the environmental profile (life cycle analysis) as shown in the thesis. Although applying vertical green is not a new concept, it can offer multiple benefits as a component of current urban design. Considering the relation between the environmental benefits, energy saving for the building and the vertical greening systems (material used, maintenance, nutrients and water needed) the integration of vegetation could be a sustainable approach (taking into account all the unquantifiable benefits until now) for the envelope of new and existing buildings.Materials & Environment chair SustainabilityCivil Engineering and Geoscience
The greening of Asia
No full textMark L. Clifford, The greening of Asia: The business case for solving Asia’s environmental emergency, Columbia University, 2015. 320 p. One of Asia's best-respected writers on business and economy, Hong Kong-based author Mark L. Clifford provides a behind-the-scenes look at what companies in China, India, Japan, Korea, the Philippines, South Korea, Singapore, and Thailand are doing to build businesses that will lessen the environmental impact of Asia's extraordinary economic growth. Dirty ai..
Applying vertical greening systems to reduce traffic noise in outdoor environments: Overview of key design parameters and research methods
No full textVertical greening can be used to absorb and scatter sound, which may reduce noise levels in street canyons. In this paper, a literature review is presented, which combines results and methods from over 40 individual studies. The article describes the guiding principles behind the acoustic effects of vertical greening and provides an overview of the prevalent research methods. The article shows that vertical greenery is effective for the reduction of mid and high frequency noise, unless air cavities or resonators are introduced inside, or behind, the systems. The review also reflects on studies with an emphasis on the application of vertical greenery in streets and urban blocks. The aim of the article is to set out the key design parameters for noise reduction that can be achieved by vertical greening, focusing on designers and engineers.</p
Vertical Greening Façade as Passive Approach in Sustainable Design
No full textAbstractTo overcome the excessive heat in tropical climate countries during the day, the types of skin or façade play a vital role in regulating the temperature and the amount of heat transmission in a building. This research was carried to evaluate the percentage of temperature reduction of two building samples, one with “vertical greening” and one without. The result proved that the temperature reduction of the building with the green façade system is higher than the building without the green façade system. Therefore, it justifies that Vertical Greening Facade does act as an acceptable passive approach for sustainable design
The greening of Antarctica : assembling an international environment /
No full text'The Greening of Antarctica' investigates the development of an international regime of environmental protection and management for Antarctica between the signing of the Antarctic Treaty in 1959 and the signing of the Convention on the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources in 1980. During those two decades the parties to the Antarctic Treaty and an international community of scientists surrounding the Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research reimagined Antarctica from being a cold, sterile and abiotic wilderness into a fragile and extensive regional ecosystem.Specialized.Previously issued in print: 2019.Includes bibliographical references.'The Greening of Antarctica' investigates the development of an international regime of environmental protection and management for Antarctica between the signing of the Antarctic Treaty in 1959 and the signing of the Convention on the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources in 1980. During those two decades the parties to the Antarctic Treaty and an international community of scientists surrounding the Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research reimagined Antarctica from being a cold, sterile and abiotic wilderness into a fragile and extensive regional ecosystem.Specialized.Description based on online resource; title from home page (viewed on May 10, 2019)
The Significance Of Magnolia Sulanja In The Greening Of The City Area
No full textThis article talks about the importance of magnolia sapling in greening the Shahrisabz region. Relying on scientific data, the author studied and analyzed the specific aspects of the importance of magnolia in the greening of the Shahrisabz region on the basis of existing biological literature
The impact of greening systems on building energy performance: A literature review
No full textScarcity of resources and environmental issues caused by human activities stimulate designers and policy makers to search for energy efficient strategies for sustainable development. A considerable amount of energy consumption and CO2 emission comes from the building sector which today accounts for 40% of the world’s energy use. Greenery systems are considered as a promising solution for making buildings more energy efficient. However, energy saving is one among multiple benefits that a greenery system can offer to a building. The most common places in a building that can be used to accommodate vegetation include roof greening, vertical greening, terrace planting and sky gardens (indoor and outdoor) especially in the design of high-rises. Therefore, the main aim of this paper is to provide a literature review for all different greening systems with respect to their energy impact. The role of indoor planting on thermal comfort and indoor air quality (IAQ) will also be discussed. Furthermore, the suitability of different greenery systems for different climate types is summarized.Architectural Engineering + TechnologyArchitecture and The Built Environmen
Greening International Jurisprudence
No full textGreening International Jurisprudence: Environmental NGOs before International Courts, Tribunals, and Compliance Committees examines how international judicial and quasi-judicial bodies enforce international environmental law, with particular consideration to the role of environmental NGOs. Author Cathrin Zengerling analyses the institutional structure as well as the environmental case law from a total of fourteen international courts, arbitral tribunals, and compliance committees with special focus on accessibility, comprehensiveness, and transparency. Underlying this analysis is the fundamental question of whether the respective body appropriately contributes to the realization of democratic governance for sustainable development. After presenting her core findings, the author provides concrete recommendations for future best practices and discusses the need for a new World Environment Court.; Readership
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