146,585 research outputs found
Grandes y pequeños ganaderos trashumantes en las sierras sorianas en el tránsito de la Edad Media a la Moderna
No full textEditada en la Universidad Carlos IIISe trata de llamar la atención en e este artículo sobre el papel de primera fila que jugaron los grandes señores de ganados en la actividad ganadera trashumante en el ámbito que abarcaba la cuadrilla mesteña de Soria durante los siglos XV y XVI. Para ello se establecen comparaciones entre el tamaño de sus rebaños y los de otros medianos y pequeños propietarios de la región, teniendo en cuenta entre otros indicios las noticias sobre sus ventas de lanas. Al mismo tiempo se profundiza en su caracterización desde el punto de vista sociopolítico, matizando algunas hipótesis que se han venido manejando para definir la base social mesteña y su evolución a lo largo del siglo XVI. Y por fin se repasan algunos aspectos referentes a la gestión de las explotaciones ganaderas trashumantes, que revelan la presencia de numerosos factores que hacían más rentables a las grandes frente a las medianas y pequeñas.Big sheep owners played a key role in nomadic sheeprearing in the Spanish region around Soria during the XVth. and XVIth. centuries. By using the volume of wool sales, the author compares the size of their flocks with those of other middle and small owners in the region and analyzes the owner’s sociopolitical profile, in order to qualify traditional hypotheses about the social basis of the «Mesta» and its evolution during the XVIth. Century. Lastly, some aspects of the management of sheeprrearing enterprises are examined, and its factors identified. In particular, the analyses focus on those aspects of sheeprearing that made big enterprises more profitable than the small ones.Publicad
El factor general del Rey y las finanzas de la Monarquía Hispánica
No full textEditada en la Fundación Empresa PúblicaEn este artículo se estudia la figura del Factor General del rey dentro
de la organización y funcionamiento de la Real Hacienda castellana entre 1627
y 1644, coincidiendo con el gobierno reformista del Conde-duque de Olivares.
Durante esos años, el desempeño de este cargo recayó en Bartolomé Spinola,
uno de los más importantes hombres de negocios genoveses del reinado de
Felipe IV. El estudio aborda cómo se organizó la gestión de los recursos y
la toma de decisiones económicas por parte de la Real Hacienda en el siglo XVII
y el papel que jugaron en este aspecto algunos hombres de negocios privados.
Primero estudiamos qué sentido tuvo la presencia de un Factor General en
las finanzas de la Corona. En segundo lugar, explicamos quién era Bartolomé
Spinola y cómo se convirtió en un importante hombre de negocios gracias
a su actividad como banquero privado. Y por último, analizamos brevemente
algunas de las funciones desempeñadas por el Factor General tanto en la
financiación de los gastos de la Corona como en los problemas generados
por la moneda de cobre.This paper studies the figure of «Factor General del rey» in the
organization and work of the Royal Finances of Castilla between 1627 and
1644, under the reformist government of the Count-Duke of Olivares. During
these years, the Factor General was Bartolomé Spinola, one of the most
importants Genoese bankers of Phillip IV. This article analyses the strategy
of Royal Finances in the fínancial market during the early seventeenth century,
and the role played by the most important bankers. To begin with, I examine why the Royal Finances needed a Factor General. At this moment, the Crown
was establishing a system where the policy was established by experts. The
presence oí fínanciers in the court of Madrid grew as much as to influence
economic policy. Later afterwards, I explain who Bartolomé Spinola was and
how he got to become the main important banker, and then the Factor General.
Drawing upon the experience and understanding he gained from his activities
in the fínancial markets as a prívate banker, he could influence the direction
of the political economy of the Spanish Empire. Finally, I analyse briefly some
of the functions of the Factor General in the financing of the Crown's expenses,
and his intervention in the problems relative to the vellon coinage.Publicad
Is the NEI-VFQ-25 a useful tool in identifying visual impairment in an elderly population?
No full textBACKGROUND: The use of self-report questionnaires to substitute for visual acuity measurement has been limited. We examined the association between visual impairment and self reported visual function in a population sample of older people in the UK.
METHODS: Cross sectional study of people aged more than 75 years who initially participated in a trial of health screening. The association between 25-item National Eye Institute Visual Function Questionnaire (NEI-VFQ) scores and visual impairment (defined as an acuity of less than 6/18 in the better eye) was examined using logistic regression.
RESULTS: Visual acuity and NEI-VFQ scores were obtained from 1807 participants (aged 77 to 101 years, 36% male), from 20 general practices throughout the UK. After adjustment for age, gender, practice and NEI-VFQ sub-scale scores, those complaining of poor vision in general were 4.77 times (95% CI 3.03 to 7.53) more likely to be visually impaired compared to those who did not report difficulty. Self-reported limitations with social functioning and dependency on others due to poor vision were also associated with visual impairment (odds ratios, 2.52, 95% CI 1.55 to 4.11; 1.73, 95% CI 1.05 to 2.86 respectively). Those reporting difficulties with near vision and colour vision were more likely to be visually impaired (odds ratios, 2.32, 95% CI 1.30 to 4.15; 2.25, 95% CI 1.35 to 3.73 respectively). Other NEI-VFQ sub-scale scores were unrelated to measures of acuity. Similar but weaker odds ratios were found with reduced visual acuity (defined as less than 6/12 in the better eye). Although differences in NEI-VFQ scores were small, scores were strongly associated with visual acuity, binocular status, and difference in acuity between eyes.
CONCLUSION: NEI-VFQ questions regarding the quality of general vision, social functioning, visual dependency, near vision and colour vision are strongly and independently associated with an objective measure of visual impairment in an elderly population
Don Giovanni. Il suo mito nei saggi di Ortega e Bergamín.
No full textCapitolo di inquadramento e commento circa la tematica del Don Giovanni nei contemporanei Ortega y Gasset e Bergamín
Spatially-localized time dependent solutions including turbulence and their interactions in 2D Kolmogorov flow
No full textIn 2D Kolmogorov flow in small aspect ratio domains, spatially-localized solutions such as kink, traveling or time-dependent kink-antikink pars coexist. However, the conservation of the flow rate in the y direction strongly restrict combination of localized solutions and their positioning. We find that by adding a homogeneous flow U y their positioning is controlled and each of localized solutions including a spatially-localized chaos is isolated. Numerical results suggest that these isolated solutions can be elements constructing a whole flow
Interaction of Nei with Y-DHU-substrates.
No full text<p>The changes in Trp, aPu, C<sup>py</sup> and 3HC fluorescence intensity during the interaction of Nei with DNA substrates, containing fluorescent nucleotides on the 5<b>′</b>-side of the damaged nucleotide. The emission of the long-wavelength T* band (495<b> </b>nm long pass filter) of 3HC dye is presented. The black vertical lines delimit the 4 kinetic steps of protein dynamics following Trp fluorescence. (B) The effect of the fluorescent labels on the enzymatic activity of Nei. The concentrations of Nei and DNA substrates were 2<b> µ</b>M and 1<b> µ</b>M, respectively.</p
Characteristics of overlap region in high-Reynolds number turbulent channel flow
No full textDirect numerical simulation of the fully developed turbulent channel flows have been carried out at the Reynolds number based on the friction velocity and the channel half width, 2000, 4000 and 8000. A hybrid 10th order accurate finite difference scheme in the stream and spanwise directions, and a second-order scheme in the wall-normal direction is adapted as the spatial discretization method. We observed the plateau profiles in the indicator function corresponded to the von Karman constant. Furthermore, second peak of streamwise pre-multiplied spectra were appeared in the same wall normal height, 300 < y+ < 600, in case of Re = 4000. Nevertheless, the effects of the lager than the channel half height scale on the streamwise turbulent intensity are fixed contributions without dependence on Reynolds number. These results suggested that the new streamwise vortexes are formed between buffer layer and outer layer with increasing of Reynolds number
Competitivos en lanas, pero no en paños: Lana para la exportación y lana para los telares nacionales en la España del Antiguo Régimen
No full textEditada en la Universidad Carlos IIILa presencia en el mercado de tejidos importados (elaborados, precisamente, con lana castellana) fue compatible con una industria española pañera que se mantuvo vigorosa y que coexistió con la exportación de la lana en bruto hasta el siglo XIX. Este trabajo analiza el proceso de especialización parcial de la industria panera española durante el Antiguo Régimen y muestra su adaptación a la ventaja comparativa que los tejedores castellanos tenían en el subsector de la lana de mediana y baja calidad.A vigorous Spanish wool manufacturing industry during the Ancient Regime coexisted with an active export trade of raw wool from Castile. While foreign producers exhibited a clear comparative advantage on high quality fabrics, specialization in medium and low quality goods allowed Castilian wool textile producers to successfully compete against European imports (many of them made with Castilian wool) up to the XIXth century.Publicad
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