116 research outputs found
Minority language education with special reference to the cultural adaption of the Ethiopian community in South Australia / by Nega Worku Debela.
No full textAmended bibliography in back pocket.Bibliography: leaves 409-426.xix, 426 leaves : ill. (chiefly col.), maps ; 30 cm.Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Adelaide, Dept. of Philosophy, 199
sj-docx-1-ehi-10.1177_11786302221093480 – Supplemental material for Seasonal Variability Influence on the Prevalence of Diarrhoea among Under-Five-Year-old Children in Kersa District, Eastern Ethiopia: A Community-Based Longitudinal Study
No full textSupplemental material, sj-docx-1-ehi-10.1177_11786302221093480 for Seasonal Variability Influence on the Prevalence of Diarrhoea among Under-Five-Year-old Children in Kersa District, Eastern Ethiopia: A Community-Based Longitudinal Study by Bezatu Mengistie, Tesfaye Gobena, Desalegn Admassu, Nega Assefa, Dinku Mekbib Ayele, Dechasa Adare Mengistu, Alemayehu Worku, Abera Kumie, Waltaji Terfa, Zerihun Bikila and Muluken Azage in Environmental Health Insights</p
Adverse birth outcome: a comparative analysis between cesarean section and vaginal delivery at Felegehiwot Referral Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia: a retrospective record review [Corrigendum]
No full textAbebe Eyowas F, Negasi AK, Aynalem GE, Worku AG. Pediatric Health, Medicine and Therapeutics. 2016;7:65–70On page 65 Abel Fekadu Dadi should have been listed as an author. The incorrect author list was:Fantu Abebe Eyowas1Ashebir Kidane Negasi1Gizachew Eyassu Aynalem1Abebaw Gebeyehu Worku2The correct author list should have been:Fantu Abebe Eyowas1Ashebir Kidane Negasi1Gizachew Eyassu Aynalem1Abebaw Gebeyehu Worku2Abel Fekadu Dadi2Read the original articl
Flexible two-piece distributions for right censored survival data
No full textAn important complexity in censored data is that only partial information on the variables of interest is observed. In recent years, a large family of asymmetric distributions and maximum likelihood estimation for the parameters in that family has been studied, in the complete data case. In this paper, we exploit the appealing family of quantile-based asymmetric distributions to obtain flexible distributions for modelling right censored survival data. The flexible distributions can be generated using a variety of symmetric distributions and monotonic link functions. The interesting feature of this family is that the location parameter coincides with an index-parameter quantile of the distribution. This family is also suitable to characterize different shapes of the hazard function (constant, increasing, decreasing, bathtub and upside-down bathtub or unimodal shapes). Statistical inference is done for the whole family of distributions. The parameter estimation is carried out by optimizing a non-differentiable likelihood function. The asymptotic properties of the estimators are established. The finite-sample performance of the proposed method and the impact of censorship are investigated via simulations. Finally, the methodology is illustrated on two real data examples (times to weaning in breast-fed data and German Breast Cancer data).sponsorship: The authors are grateful to the editor, and associate editor and reviewers for their valuable comments that led to an improvement of the manuscript. The second author gratefully acknowledge support from Research Grant FWO G0D6619N of the Flemish Science Foundation, and from the C16/20/002 project of the Research Fund KU Leuven. (Flemish Science Foundation|FWO G0D6619N, Research Fund KU Leuven|C16/20/002)status: Published onlin
A hybrid hazard-based model using two-piece distributions
No full textCox proportional hazards model is widely used to study the relationship between the survival time of an event and covariates. Its primary objective is parameter estimation assuming a constant relative hazard throughout the entire follow-up time. The baseline hazard is thus treated as a nuisance parameter. However, if the interest is to predict possible outcomes like specific quantiles of the distribution (e.g. median survival time), survival and hazard functions, it may be more convenient to use a parametric baseline distribution. Such a parametric model should however be flexible enough to allow for various shapes of e.g. the hazard function. In this paper we propose flexible hazard-based models for right censored data using a large class of two-piece asymmetric baseline distributions. The effect of covariates is characterized through timescale changes on hazard progression and on the relative hazard ratio; and can take three possible functional forms: parametric, semi-parametric (partly linear) and non-parametric. In the first case, the usual full likelihood estimation method is applied. In the semi-parametric and non-parametric settings a general profile (local) likelihood estimation approach is proposed. An extensive simulation study investigates the finite-sample performances of the proposed method. Its use in data analysis is illustrated in real data examples.The authors thank the reviewers for their valuable comments that led to an improvement
of the manuscript. The second author gratefully acknowledges support from Research Grant C16/20/002
project of the Research Fund KU Leuven
Two-piece distribution based semi-parametric quantile regression for right censored data
No full textWidely used methods such as Cox proportional hazards, accelerated failure time, and Bennet proportional odds models do not model the quantiles directly, but rather allow to assess the influence of the covariates only on the location of the distribution. Quantile regression allows to assess the effects of covariates, not only on a location parameter (such as a mean or median) but also on specific percentiles of the conditional distribution. In recent years, a large family of flexible two-piece asymmetric distributions where the location parameter coincides with a specific quantile of the distribution has been studied. In a conditional (regression) setting the use of such a family of two-piece asymmetric distributions has only been investigated in the complete data case in the literature. In this paper, we propose a semi-parametric procedure to estimate the conditional quantile curves of two-piece asymmetric distributions based on right censored survival data. We use a local likelihood estimation technique in a multi-parameter functional form, via which the effect of a covariate on the location, scale, and index of the conditional survival distribution can be assessed. The finite sample performance of the estimators is investigated via simulations, and the methodology is illustrated on real data examples.The authors are grateful to an Associate Editor and two reviewers for their comments which led to an improvement of the manuscript. We thank the authors of Christou and Akritas (2019) to provide us with the R code to calculate their estimator in the SIQR model. The second author gratefully acknowledges support from Research Grant FWO G0D6619N of the Flemish Science Foundation, and from the C16/20/002 project of the Research Fund KU Leuven. The resources and services used in this work were provided by the VSC (Flemish Supercomputer Center), funded by the Research Foundation - Flanders (FWO) and the Flemish Government
Predictors of unintended pregnancy in Kersa, Eastern Ethiopia, 2010
No full textAbstract Background In Ethiopia, little is known about pregnancy among rural women. Proper maternal health care depends on clear understanding of the reproductive health situation. The objective of this study was to identify predictors of unintended pregnancy in rural eastern Ethiopia. Methodology This study was part of pregnancy surveillance at Kersa Demographic Surveillance and Health Research Center, East Ethiopia. Pregnant women were assessed whether their current pregnancy was intended or not. Data were collected by lay interviewers using uniform questionnaire. Odds Ratio, with 95% confidence interval using multiple and multinomial logistic regression were calculated to detect level of significance. Results Unintended pregnancy was reported by 27.9% (578/2072) of the study subjects. Out of which, 440 were mistimed and 138 were not wanted. Unintended pregnancy was associated with family wealth status (OR 1.47; 95% CI 1.14, 1.90), high parity (7 +) (OR 5.18; 95% CI 3.31, 8.12), and a longer estimated time to walk to the nearest health care facility (OR 2.24; 95% CI: 1.49, 3.39). In the multinomial regression, women from poor family reported that their pregnancy was mistimed (OR 1.69; 95% CI 1.27, 2.25). The longer estimated time (80 + minutes) to walk to the nearest health care facility influenced the occurrence of mistimed pregnancy (OR 2.58; 95% CI: 1.65, 4.02). High parity (7+) showed a strong association to mistimed and unwanted pregnancies (OR 3.11; 95% CI 1.87, 5.12) and (OR 14.34; 95% CI 5.72, 35.98), respectively. Conclusions The economy of the family, parity, and walking distance to the nearest health care institution are strong predictors of unintended pregnancy. In order to reduce the high rate of unintended pregnancy Efforts to reach rural women with family planning services should be strengthened.</p
Effect of Different Levels of Dried Sugar Cane Tops Inclusion on the Performance of Washera Sheep Fed Basal Diet of Grass Hay, Ethiopia
No full textCopyright: © 2015 Worku A, et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Background: Ruminants feed largely on crop resides as their basal diet. Despite their vast use as a livestock feed, crop residues are naturally of low quality and do not fulfill the nutrient requirement of animals. Thus, the deficit in the basal feed of quantity can be covered with sugar cane tops that are potential feed for better performance of animals. This study aimed with to evaluate the effect of different level of Dried Sugar Can tops inclusion on carcass characteristics and Economic Feasibility of Washera sheep fed a basal diet of grass hay. Methodology: A study was conducted at Bure Agricultural Technical Vocational Educational Training (ATVET) College using twenty yearling Washera sheep with initial body weight (BW) of 18.15 ± 1.85 (mean ± SD). The experimental design was randomized complete block design, and sheep were blocked into five blocks of four animals based on their initial BW and randomly assigned to one of the treatments within a block. Treatments were hay ad libitum+100 g/head/d CM for T1 and an additional 120 g, 240 g and 360 g SCT per head/day on dry matter basis for T2, T3 and T4, respectively. The experiment consisted 90 days of Growth trials followed by evaluation of carcass components at the end
Spatiotemporal patterns of water hyacinth dynamics as a response to seasonal climate variability in Lake Tana, Ethiopia
No full textAbstract Lake Tana, which is the largest Lake in Ethiopia, has been invaded by water hyacinths since 2011. Although the government and the community have devoted considerable time and energy over a long period to removing the invasive weed mechanically and manually, the weed has been increasing significantly. Accurate, reliable, and timely information on the spatiotemporal distribution and extent of water hyacinth is crucial to determine its evolution, propagation, and potentially vulnerable areas of the Lake. Therefore, comprehensive information on the spatial distribution of water hyacinths and their annual and seasonal variability is essential for Lake Tana’s water resource planning, development, and management. This study aims to evaluate the spatiotemporal pattern of water hyacinth and its dynamics with seasonal climate variability and impact on evapotranspiration. Landsat 7 ETM+, Landsat 8 OLI, and Sentinel 2 and meteorological datasets were employed. Supervised and manual digitization image classification methods were applied to prepare Land-use/ Land-cover in the Lake. The Mann–Kendall trend test and Pearson correlation coefficient were used to evaluate the trend of water hyacinth and the impact of climate variability on water hyacinth distribution respectively. Besides, the evapotranspiration and water losses were estimated using the FAO-56 Penman–Monteith method. The surface extent of the water hyacinth in Lake Tana has increased by 96% in 2019 from 2011. However, the surface area of the Lake has declined. That means 1603 ha of water surface area has been changed to land surface from 2011 to 2019. The average volume of water loss in Lake Tana was 0.21% of the volume of the Lake from September 2016 to December 2018
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