1,721,012 research outputs found
Erratum to “Auditory brainstem measures and genotyping boost the prediction of literacy: A longitudinal study on early markers of dyslexia” [Dev. Cognit. Neurosci. 46 (2020) 100869]
No full textKnowns and unknowns about the neurobiology of stuttering.
No full textStuttering occurs in early childhood during a dynamic phase of brain and behavioral development. The latest studies examining children at ages close to this critical developmental period have identified early brain alterations that are most likely linked to stuttering, while spontaneous recovery appears related to increased inter-area connectivity. By contrast, therapy-driven improvement in adults is associated with a functional reorganization within and beyond the speech network. The etiology of stuttering, however, remains enigmatic. This Unsolved Mystery highlights critical questions and points to neuroimaging findings that could inspire future research to uncover how genetics, interacting neural hierarchies, social context, and reward circuitry contribute to the many facets of stuttering
Speech production in stuttering: Impact of syllable frequency and word length on accuracy and fluency
No full textStuttering severity relates to frontotemporal low-beta synchronization during pre-speech preparation
No full textSubject-specific Functional ROIs Enhance Reliability in Language FMRI
No full textAbstract Purpose Functional MRI can be used to identify individual language-sensitive brain regions in the setting of presurgical diagnostics to improve functional postoperative outcome. In this study, a proven language task was adapted into German and tested with regard to its effectiveness, robustness and reliability in a time frame appropriate for the clinical setting. In addition, two different analysis approaches were compared to address the problem of arbitrary statistical thresholds commonly used in the clinical routine to derive contrast maps. Methods On two different days, 24 healthy volunteers were examined in a 3T MRI, whereby the task was run twice in each session. The fMRI included two conditions in a block design, reading of sentences and reading of pronounceable nonword lists. We quantified brain activity by using subject-specific, functionally defined ROIs on the one hand and standardized, anatomically defined ROIs on the other. We then tested, whether the two different analyses indicated robust activation of language-sensitive brain regions, and whether effect sizes were reliable across sessions. Results Subject-specific functional ROIs as well as anatomical ROIs led to significant positive effect sizes in the major language sensitive regions of the left hemisphere. However, subject-specific functional ROIs resulted in significantly larger effect sizes and a higher reliability in comparison to anatomical ROIs. Conclusion The choice of analysis method has a significant impact on the result. For paradigms with short measurement times and little signal change as common in clinical routine, it is highly recommended to use the subject-specific functional ROIs approach
Editorial: The Neurophysiology of Developmental Stuttering: Unraveling the Mysteries of Fluency
No full textEnlarged Area of Mesencephalic Iron Deposits in Adults Who Stutter
No full textOpen-Access-Publikationsfonds 202
Normal Interhemispheric Inhibition in Persistent Developmental Stuttering
No full textImaging studies suggest a right hemispheric (pre)motor overactivity in patients with persistent developmental stuttering (PDS). The interhemispheric inhibition (IHI) studied with transcranial magnetic stimulation is an established measure of the interplay between right and left motor areas. We assessed IHI in 15 young Male adults with PDS and 15 age-matched fluent-speaking subjects. We additionally studied the ipsilateral silent period (iSP) duration. We found no significant between-group difference for IHI or tor iSP duration. We conclude that the interplay between the primary motor cortices is normal in patients with PDS. The abnormal right motor and premotor activity observed in functional imaging studies on PDS are not likely to reflect altered primary motor cortex excitability, hot are likely, to have a different origin. (C) 2009 Movement Disorder Societ
Speech restructuring group treatment for 6-to-9-year-old children who stutter: A therapeutic trial
No full textDissecting structural connectivity of the left and right inferior frontal cortex in children who stutter
No full textInferior frontal cortex pars opercularis (IFCop) features a distinct cerebral dominance and vast functional heterogeneity. Left and right IFCop are implicated in developmental stuttering. Weak left IFCop connections and divergent connectivity of hyperactive right IFCop regions have been related to impeded speech. Here, we reanalyzed diffusion magnetic resonance imaging data from 83 children (41 stuttering). We generated connection probability maps of functionally segregated area 44 parcels and calculated hemisphere-wise analyses of variance. Children who stutter showed reduced connectivity of executive, rostral-motor, and caudal-motor corticostriatal projections from the left IFCop. We discuss this finding in the context of tracing studies from the macaque area 44, which leads to the need to reconsider current models of speech motor control. Unlike the left, the right IFCop revealed increased connectivity of the inferior posterior ventral parcel and decreased connectivity of the posterior dorsal parcel with the anterior insula, particularly in stuttering boys. This divergent connectivity pattern in young children adds to the debate on potential core deficits in stuttering and challenges the theory that right hemisphere differences might exclusively indicate compensatory changes that evolve from lifelong exposure. Instead, early right prefrontal connectivity differences may reflect additional brain signatures of aberrant cognition-emotion-action influencing speech motor control
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