6 research outputs found
Efficiency of Semi-Automatic Control Ethanol Distillation Using a Vacuum-Tube Parabolic Solar Collector
No full textThailand is an agricultural country with several agro-industrial by-products that can be processed into fuels. Although producing ethanol from agro-industrial by-products is an interesting option, the process of distilling ethanol from fermented agricultural products requires a high temperature to increase the ethanol concentration from 10% to 95%. In this research, solar ethanol distillation equipment incorporating a solar parabolic collector with a vacuum heat absorber tube to increase efficiency by reducing heat loss was designed and developed. An electronic device was used to control the distillation process, maintain the required temperature, and make suitable adjustments to the solar radiation acceptance angles of the parabolic solar collector. Ethanol dilution at concentrations of 10%, 15%, and 20%, and Sato (Thai Rice Wine) were used as the reactant in the distillation process. The result of distilling ethanol distillation with a semi-automatic control using a vacuum-tube parabolic solar collector showed that the thermal efficiency of the receiver was 12.61%, 13.93%, 18.58%, and 17.40%, respectively. The thermal efficiency of the heat exchanger was 11.27%, 10.76%, 13.35%, and 12.35%, respectively. The final concentration of ethanol was 67%, 76%, 82%, and 80%, respectively, and the amount of the distilled ethanol was 330 mL, 352 mL, 398 mL, and 360 mL, respectively
Nano-particle Characteristic Emitted from Gasoline Direct Injection Engine Equipped with Non-Thermal Plasma Device
No full textThe impact of non-thermal plasma (NTP) on particulate matter (PM) removal, nitrogen oxide (NOx) reduction, and hydrocarbon species in exhaust gases from gasoline direct injection (GDI) engines using gasoline E20 fuel and a mean effective pressure (IMEP) of 6 bar. The experiments were conducted with an exhaust gas flow rate of 20 L/min, applying high voltage in the range of 0 to 10 kV (2 kV per step) at a frequency of 500 Hz. The results show that NTP reduces PM concentrations, particularly in the nucleation mode (10 nm particles). Maximum PM removal of approximately 83% However, with experimental results, compared to 0 kV, the production of particulate matter Aitken mode increased up to 19 times for a voltage increase of 10 kV, and NOx removal has been at a maximum of about 9.5%, with an energy density of 5 J/L at 10 kV. The effects of NTP on hydrocarbon species such as ethylene, propylene, acetylene, 1.3 butadiene, methane, and ethane have been slightly affected by increased high voltages
Nano-particle Characteristic Emitted from Gasoline Direct Injection Engine Equipped with Non-Thermal Plasma Device
Get PDFThe impact of non-thermal plasma (NTP) on particulate matter (PM) removal, nitrogen oxide (NOx) reduction, and hydrocarbon species in exhaust gases from gasoline direct injection (GDI) engines using gasoline E20 fuel and a mean effective pressure (IMEP) of 6 bar. The experiments were conducted with an exhaust gas flow rate of 20 L/min, applying high voltage in the range of 0 to 10 kV (2 kV per step) at a frequency of 500 Hz. The results show that NTP reduces PM concentrations, particularly in the nucleation mode (10 nm particles). Maximum PM removal of approximately 83% However, with experimental results, compared to 0 kV, the production of particulate matter Aitken mode increased up to 19 times for a voltage increase of 10 kV, and NOx removal has been at a maximum of about 9.5%, with an energy density of 5 J/L at 10 kV. The effects of NTP on hydrocarbon species such as ethylene, propylene, acetylene, 1.3 butadiene, methane, and ethane have been slightly affected by increased high voltages
The Influence of Nonthermal Plasma Technology on Oxidation Characteristics of Soot Operated on Direct Injection Internal Combustion Engines
No full textThe combination of porous material with nonthermal plasma (NTP) technology to reduce the amount of particulate matter emitted from a direct-injection compression-ignition engine was investigated in this study. The investigation aimed at regulating particulate matter under long-term operation. A porous materials filter thickness of 4 mm was installed in the NTP reactor. The common rail diesel engine was fueled with 7%-vol biodiesel fuel (B7), and the experiment was carried out at steady-state conditions at 2000 rpm and indicated mean effective pressure (IMEP) of 6 bar. The effects of NTP high-voltage discharge (e.g., 2, 4, 5, 6, 8, and 10 kV) and the porous filter thickness (e.g., 0, 2, 4, and 6 mm) on particle number size distributions were examined. The protype of combine porous filter and NTP illustrated good particulate removal (>70%) operated with a thickness of 4 mm of porous materials filter and a high voltage of 6 kV under the same power rating
Effect of Oxyhydrogen Injection on Particulate Matter Characteristics in Ethanol-Fuelled Gasoline Direct Injection Engines
No full textThis research examines the influence of HHO gas, produced through electrolysis, on particulate matter emissions and combustion efficiency within a GDI engine under steady-state operational conditions. HHO, which consists of a composite of hydrogen and oxygen, was injected at varied concentrations (0.5%, 1%, and 2%) into the engine’s intake system to optimize combustion attributes. The findings indicated that the incorporation of HHO resulted in a reduction of total particulate mass and a shift in the geometric mean diameter towards diminished values, thereby signifying enhanced combustion and decreased soot production. The categorisation of particles into nucleation and accumulation modes demonstrated a concentration-dependent behaviour, wherein lower concentrations of HHO facilitated the formation of ultrafine particles, while higher concentrations of HHO favoured oxidation processes and particle aggregation. The combustion efficiency, as determined from the concentrations of carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide, exhibited a significant increase with the addition of HHO, reaching a maximum of 96.24% at a concentration of 1% HHO. These results substantiate the hypothesis that HHO enrichment fosters cleaner combustion and presents a viable strategy for mitigating particulate matter emissions in GDI engines without necessitating substantial modifications
Development and Application of a Novel Flow-Through Plasma-Activated Water Generator for Household Food Safety: Characterization, Safety, and Antimicrobial Efficacy
Get PDFDespite the promise of plasma-activated water (PAW) as a chemical-free sanitization approach, its widespread adoption in households is limited by safety concerns and device complexity. This study presents the development of a compact, user-friendly flow-through PAW generator engineered for enhanced safety and antimicrobial performance. Compared to previous designs, the improved system drastically reduces leakage current by 99.6% (from 623 µA to 2.5 µA) and NO2 gas emissions by 25.7-fold (from 7700 ppb to 300 ppb), ensuring compliance with international safety standards (IEC DIN EN 60601) and air quality regulations (Thailand’s NAAQS and the WHO Global Air Quality Guidelines). The antimicrobial efficacy of PAW was demonstrated using raw oyster meat, achieving a 93.5% reduction in total viable count (TVC), equivalent to a 1.19-log reduction, after just two rinse cycles. Importantly, the residual levels of nitrite and nitrate in treated oysters remained well below the acceptable daily intake (ADI) limits established by JECFA. Key technological advancements include a dual-chamber plasma reactor, integrated gas containment, RCBO installation, and optimized electrodes for enhanced plasma stability and reduced risk of electrical leakage. With an energy cost of approximately 0.00192 USD per liter of PAW produced, compact design, and chemical-free operation, this PAW system offers a viable, safe, and environmentally responsible solution for household food decontamination
