44 research outputs found
Low flow hydrology: application of a systems approach
No full textDeposited with permission of the author. © 1990 Roderic John Nathan.Australia is not only the driest continent, but its streams are among the most variable in the world. To date in Australia there has been no large-scale study of Australia’s low flow hydrologic characteristics, and consequently there is a fundamental need to develop methods that can be readily used to assess the hydrology during times of low flow. This thesis describes the development and derivation of a methodology for the estimation of low flow characteristics and yield in small ungauged rural catchments. The methodology has been applied to 184 catchments located in New South Wales and Victoria, in south-eastern Australia. A systems approach was adopted in which multivariate techniques were used to develop relationships between low flow parameters and climatic and land information data. The low flow and yield parameters considered include: descriptive statistics of monthly and annual flows, ratio of baseflow to total streamflow volumes, streamflow recession constants, flow duration curves for daily, monthly and annual durations, low flow frequency curves for durations from 1 to 284 days, duration of low flow spells below a given threshold, deficiency volume of low flow spells below a given threshold, estimate of storage to satisfy a specified draft at a given level of reliability, and parameters of a simple rainfall-runoff model for conversion of daily rainfall to monthly streamflow volumes
La traducció del cant 6é de l'Odissea des de la lingüística de corpus
No full textThis paper is an analysis of four translations into Catalan of the Odyssey 6th song. Two of
the texts were translated by Carles Riba, and published in 1919 and 1948, another one by John
Aymerich in 1997 and the last one was translated by John F. Mira in 2011. From a descriptive
perspective, the study apply instruments of corpus linguistics to focus on how the four translations
deal with aspects related to the field of translation studies, such as simplification, explicitation,
normalization, interference and the use of some lemmas. In turn, the analysis allows us to explain
the use of these lemmas in the cultural and historical context in which the author translated
the text. Results from this analysis show that the translations are directly linked to the period in
which they were produced and that this link can be deeply personal.La publicació d’aquest treball s’ha realitzat en el marc del projecte de recerca FFI2012-35239 del Ministeri d’Economia i Competitivitat i el P1.1B2013-44 de la Universitat Jaume I
The metamorphosis of the communist party: from entity to system and from system towards an entity
No full textA complex analytical framework, the Interactive Party state model (IPS), is offered for revealing the structural and dynamic background of opposite processes: first, the development of the communist party as a political entity into a politically monopolized regime and then to a social system; second, the retreat of the party as a social system towards a politically monopolized regime or a political entity during the process of transformation into another system. We shall point to the fact that it is the structural background of the differences of the transformation process that brings about the different sequence of the retreat of the party as a social system from economic or political sub-fields first. The different sequence will be accompanied by different economic conditions for political transformation contributing to the complete or partial retreat of the party to either a political entity or to an authoritarian political regime.party-state systems, social system evolution, differences among partystates, varieties of capitalism, path-dependencies in system transformation
Choral Cathedral Music in the Church of England: An examination into the diversity and potential of contemporary choral-writing at the end of the twentieth century
No full textIn 1964, Erik Routley (1917-1982) published a book entitled Twentieth Century Church Music, an expansive solo debate on the nature and development of contemporary writing for the Church. Routley said, 'this is the beginning of a discussion', yet this remark was to prove ironic: serious criticism of new church music has been minimal since that day, especially within cathedral and high-church circles. However, this is not to say that cathedral music has become static, or that its new repertoire is unworthy of comment. Indeed, in consideration of the wealth of material produced by composers for the Cathedral in recent years, musical assessment following Routley's ideas seems long overdue. Thus, to facilitate an accurate assessment of cathedral music in the present day, the thesis begins by recalling Routley's 'discussion', and detailing the pathway of contemporary cathedral music repertoire over the last thirty-six years. The appendix, the Sacred Choral Music Catalogue, compiled by the author, takes 1965 as its starting point, listing the majority of modem choral cathedral music currently in British circulation to aid the reader's knowledge of the repertoire. Thus, guiding the reader through the diversity associated with contemporary cathedral music, assessing the style and potential of contemporary composers and evaluating the place of the Cathedral in modern-day secular society, the thesis examines the contributions of six composers: Tavener, Part, Harvey, Weir, Swayne and Ridout. It seeks to show that cathedral music continues to thrive, and that despite the age-old conflict between tradition and innovation, the genre remains far from the decline that many have predicted
Antonio Caso y los paradigmas de la nación mexicana. Cuicuilco Revista de la Escuela Nacional de Antropología e Historia: Las disciplinas históricas y antropológicas: vertientes y estudios de caso. Num. 30 (2004) Vol. 11 enero-abril
No full textEste artículo tiene como objetivo analizar el imaginario nacional de Antonio Caso y resaltar los momentos en que incorporó algunos símbolos e imágenes de identidad, cruciales en su concepción sobre la nación mexicana: la integración de una conciencia espiritual y cultural colectiva, la posibilidad de un mestizaje social en el territorio mexicano, así como la afirmación de una cultura latina que integre la identidad del país y del continente americano.This article’s main objective is to analyze the national imagery of Antonio Caso and tobring out the moments in which he incorporated some key symbols and images into his own conception of the Mexican nation: The integration of a spiritual consciousness and cultural collectiveness, the possibility of a social cross-breeding within Mexican territory, as well as the affirmation of a Latin culture that integrates the identity both of the country and of the American Continent.Abellán, José Luis
El 98 cien años después, España, Alderaban Ediciones.Akzin, Benjamin
Estado y nación, México, FCE.Anderson, Benedict
Comunidades imaginadas. Reflexiones sobre el origen y la difusión del nacionalismo,
México, FCE.Archivo Histórico del Centro de Estudios sobre la Universidad
Fondo Rectores, Antonio Caso y Andrade.Basave Ben.tez, Agustín
México mestizo. Análisis del nacionalismo mexicano en torno a la mestizofilia de Andrés Molina Enríquez, México, FCE.Bermúdez, María Teresa
“Los mexicanos perversos”, en La ciudad y el campo en la historia de México, Memoria de la VII Reunión de Historiadores mexicanos y norteamericanos, México, UNAM, t. II, pp. 885-892.Bolet.n de la Escuela Nacional Preparatoria
1909 Tomo II, n.m. 1, contraportada, M.xico, 1 de julio.Brading, David
“Nacionalismo y Estado en Hispanoamérica”, en Bosco Amores, Juan et al. Iberoamérica en el siglo XIX. Nacionalismo y dependencia, España, Ediciones Eunate, pp. 55-77.Camp, Roderic
Los intelectuales y el Estado en el México del siglo XX, México, FCE.Caso, Antonio
Obras Completas, XIII volúmenes, México, UNAM.Caso-Lombardo
Conferencias del Ateneo de la Juventud, México, UNAM.
Idealismo versus materialismo dialéctico, México, Ediciones Lombardo.Cortés Zavala, María Teresa y José Alfredo Uribe Salas
“Identidad y Modernidad. Nuestra América en el contexto de 1898”, en Uribe Salas, José Alfredo et al. (coords.), México frente al desenlace del 98. La guerra hispanonorteamericana, Morelia, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo/Instituto de Investigaciones Históricas/Gobierno del Estado de Michoacán/CSIC/Universidad de Puerto Rico.Curiel, Fernando
La Revuelta: interpretación del Ateneo de la Juventud (1906-1929), México, UNAM.Delannoi, Gil y Pierre André Taguieff
1993 Teor.as del nacionalismo, España, Paidós.Escandón, Carlos
La respuesta moral en la filosofía del maestro Antonio Caso, México, Porrúa.Fabela, Isidro
Maestros y amigos, México, Departamento de Literatura-INBA.García Morales, Alfonso
El Ateneo de México (1906-1914). Orígenes de la cultura mexicana contemporánea, Madrid, CSIC.Gellner, Ernest
Naciones y nacionalismo, México, Alianza-CONACULTA.González-Ripoll, María Dolores
“1898 y el pensamiento mexicano finisecular”, en Uribe Salas, José Alfredo et al. (coords.), México frente al desenlace del 98. La guerra hispanonorteamericana, Morelia, México, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo/ Instituto de Investigaciones Históricas/Gobierno del Estado de Michoacán/ CSIC/Universidad de Puerto Rico, pp. 109-120.Gorostieta y Cadena, María Guadalupe y Edmundo Escobar
Antonio Caso: recuerdos e imágenes, México, Porrúa.Haddox, John Herbert
Antonio Caso: Philosopher of Mexico, Austin, The University of Texas.Henríquez Ureña, Pedro
Memorias. Diario. Notas de viaje, México, FCE.Hernández Luna, Juan
Antonio Caso, embajador extraordinario de México, México, Sociedad de Amigos del Libro Mexicano.Hernández Prado, José
La filosofía de la cultura de Antonio Caso: la concepción casiana del conocimiento de la historia, la sociedad y la cultura, México, UAM.Hobsbawm, Eric
Naciones y nacionalismos desde 1780, Barcelona, Crítica.Innes John, Schwald
Revolution and Renaissance in México: El Ateneo de la Juventud, Austin, The University of Texas.Krauze de Kolteniuk, Rosa
La filosofía de Antonio Caso, México, UNAM.Lloberg, Joseph
El dios de la modernidad. El desarrollo del nacionalismo en Europa Occidental, Barcelona, Anagrama.Magullón Anaya, Mario
Historia de las ideas en México y la filosofía de Antonio Caso, México, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México.Matute, Álvaro
El Ateneo de México, México, FCE.Ortiz García, Carmen
“Ideas sobre el pueblo en el imaginario nacional español del 98”, en Naranjo Orovio, Consuelo y Carlos Serrano (eds.), Imágenes e imaginarios nacionales en el ultramar español, Madrid, CSIC/Casa de Velásquez.Quintanilla Osorio, Susana
El Ateneo de la Juventud: balance de una generación, México, Facultad de Filosofía y Letras-UNAM.Ramos, Samuel
Revista interamericana de bibliografía, OEA, vol. XLI, núm. 1.
El perfil del hombre y la cultura en México, México, Espasa-Calpe Mexicana, pp. 19-28.Reyes, Alfonso y Pedro Henríquez Ureña
Correspondencia, 1907-1914, México, FCE, 1986.Sarmiento, Faustino
Facundo: civilización y barbarie, México, SEP/UNAM.Serrano, Pedro
Hispanistas mexicanos, México, s/e, vol. I, pp. 72-78.Vasconcelos, José
Ulises Criollo, México, Trillas
Author Correction: Expanded encyclopaedias of DNA elements in the human and mouse genomes
No full textIn the version of this article initially published, two members of the ENCODE Project Consortium were missing from the author list. Rizi Ai (Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA) and Shantao Li (Program in Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA) are now included in the author list. These errors have been corrected in the online version of the article
Justice under anarchy: Rawlsian global justice with New Zealand as a case study
No full textThis thesis makes an argument for global justice by exploring neglected areas of Rawlsian theory, and using New Zealand as a case study.
Summary
In giving its view of global justice, the thesis argues for a global difference principle focused on persons. This argument includes an exploration of a neglected aspect of the principle; how it is constrained by the duty of assistance and the just savings principle. The thesis will also show that the global difference principle makes demands on developed nations because they can help realize the principle by improving conditions in developing nations by using Official Development Assistance. It is also likely that developed nations can improve conditions in the developing world by using the international factor of trade. However, rather than just focusing on this factor, the thesis reasons it is best to use this factor in tandem with Official Development Assistance. The thesis also shows that developed nations should provide Official Development Assistance by demonstrating how the numerous pledges made by developed nations over the years regarding Official Development Assistance amount to promises, and that promises have moral significance. Before moving on to discuss New Zealand’s Official Development Assistance programme, the thesis examines one of Rawls’s international principles of justice, the freedom and independence of peoples principle, and how it applies to New Zealand. In making an argument for the principle, the thesis shows how the principle can fit into a global justice framework, and adds to the literature by showing how the principle should treat small polities. The thesis also assesses how New Zealand’s history of colonialism has and has not respected the principle. This history also affects New Zealand’s Official Development Assistance programme, so much so that one can be justified in describing this programme as being a relic of this history. This programme will be the subject of the final topic-based chapter. Previous assessments of the programme have been done with no, or a limited, normative framework. By this point a detailed Rawlsian normative framework, along with a picture of Official Development Assistance’s efficacy, is in place, and is used to analyse the programme. This analysis includes the policy recommendations of monetarily enlarging the programme, focusing the programme on the globally least advantaged, and giving more of the programme’s funds to multilateral agencies
Strengthening Fairness and Funding in the Canada Pension Plan: Is Raising the Retirement Age an Option?
No full textThis paper seeks to contribute to a forward-looking debate on possible reform options for the Canada Pension Plan (CPP) and the Quebec Pension Plan (QPP). Even though it focuses on the CPP, most of its analysis applies to the QPP as well since the two programs are largely identical. This paper does not provide a broad survey of all possible reform options, but rather analyzes one vital option that has received insufficient attention in previous debates: raising the normal retirement age from 65 to 67 years. A discussion of this option is warranted not only because it could prevent future financing problems in Canada’s public pension insurance programs, but also because it could improve fairness across generations. The significant increase in life expectancy raises the question of whether the current retirement ages of 60 years, for earliest CPP and QPP benefits, and 65 years, for full benefits, are too low. Should future generations pay for the longevity increases of the current generation of workers, or should current workers share the costs by retiring at a later age? We conclude that raising the normal age from 65 to 67 years—and the earliest age from 60 to 62 years—is a financially effective, intergenerationally fair, and politically acceptable option for improving the CPP and for addressing the QPP’s problems. We suggest that the option of raising the retirement age needs to be discussed well before longevity increases or funding problems occur and that a broad consultation with stakeholders and citizens would be an essential part of a debate on raising the retirement age in Canada.pension systems, pensions, retirement, retirement age, life expectancy, Canada
Religión y modernización en el México del siglo XX (una breve y aleatoria bibliografía útil como andamio). Historias. Revista de la Dirección de Estudios Históricos Num. 70 (2008) mayo-agosto
No full textAbascal, Salvador, La reconquista espiritual de Tabasco en 1938, México, Tradición, 1972.Abascal, Salvador, Mis recuerdos. Sinarquismo y Colonia María Auxiliadora, México, Tradición, 1980.Acta Apostolicae Sedis, 1929-1965.Actas y Documentos de la Santa Sede durante la Segunda Guerra Mundial, 11 tt., Roma, 1981.Almada, Rossana, El vestido azul de la sultana. La construcción del pan en Zamora, 1940-1995, Zamora, El Colegio de Michoacán, 2001.Alvear Acevedo, Carlos, “La Iglesia en México en el periodo 1900- 1962”, en Historia general de la Iglesia en América Latina, t. V, México, Ediciones Paulinas, 1984.Aspe Armella, María Luisa, “El discurso de la Acción Católica Mexicana y los discursos católicos, cristeros y de la UNEC, 1929- 1956”, tesis, México, Universidad Iberoamericana, 2003.Aubert, R. et al., L’Eglise dans le monde moderne, París, Seuil, 1975.Baca prieto, Imelda, “La intelectualidad estudiantil a principios del siglo xx. El caso de la UNEC”, tesis, México, Universidad Iberoamericana, 2004.Barranco, Bernardo, “Posiciones políticas en la historia de la Acción Católica Mexicana”, en Roberto Blancarte (comp.), El pensamiento social de los católicos mexicanos, México, FCE, 1996.Bernal, Luis F., Los católicos y la política en México, México, Milestone, 2000.Becker, Marjorie, Setting the Virgin on Fire. Lázaro Cárdenas, Michoacan Peasants and the Redemption of the Mexican Revolution, Berkeley, University of California Press, 1995.Blancarte, Roberto, Historia de la Iglesia católica en México, México, FCE, 1992.(comp.), El pensamiento social de los católicos mexicanos, México, FCE, 1996.(coord.), Los retos de la laicidad y la secularización en el mundo contemporáneo, México, El Colegio de México, 2008.Boissard, Guy, Quelle neutralité face a l’horreur? Le courage de Charles Journet, Saint Maurice, Saint-Augustine, 2000.Britton, John A., Educación y radicalismo en México, 1931-1940, México, SepSetentas, 2 tt., 1976.Bell, Terence (ed.), The Cambridge History of 20 Century Political Thought, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 2003.calderón vega, Luis, Cuba 88. Memorias de la UNEC, México, La Esfera, 1959.calvez, Jean Yves y J. Perrin, Eglise et société économique. L’enseignement social des papes de Leon XIII à Pie XII, París, Montaigne, 1954.camacho sandoval, Salvador, Controversia educativa entre la ideología y la fe, la educación socialista en la historia de Aguascalientes, México, Conaculta, 1991.camp, Roderic Ai., Crossing Swords, Politics and Religion in Mexico, Nueva York, Oxford University Press, 1997.campbell, Hugo, La derecha radical en México, 1929-1949, México, SepSetentas, 1976.Cárdenas, Lázaro, Escuela socialista y religión, México, Talleres Gráficos de la Nación, 1936.Casanova, Julián, La Iglesia de Franco, Madrid, Temas de Hoy, 2001.Cehila, Historia general de la Iglesia en América Latina, t. V, México, Ediciones Paulinas, 1984.Centro de reflexión teológica, revista Christus (contiene todas las cartas pastorales a partir de su fundación en 1935).CIDOC, Cuernavaca, Fuentes para el estudio de una diócesis, Cuernavaca, 2 vols., 1968.Concilio Vaticano II, Madrid, BAC, 1965.Conferencia del episcopado mexicano, 90 años de pastoral social en México, t. II, México, CEPS-Cáritas, 1988.Contreras, Gabriela, Los grupúsculos en la Universidad, 1934- 1944, México, UAM-Xochimilco, 2002.Correa, Eduardo, Pascual Díaz, S.J., el obispo mártir, México, 1945. chélini, Jean, L’église sous Pie XII, París, Fayard, 2 tt., 1989.Christlieb, Adolfo, Escritos políticos, México, EPESSA, 1987. fliche, Augustin y Vincent Martin, Historia de la Iglesia, t. XXXV-2, Valencia, EDICEP, 1980.Gardet, Mathias, “Jeunesse de l’Eglise, jeune sse de l’Etat au Mexique, 1929-1945”, tesis, París, Universidad de París I, 1996.Gauchet, Marcel, Le désenchantement du monde, Paris, Gallimard, 1985.González, Luis, Pueblo en vilo, México, El Colegio de México, 1968.González, Luis, Historia de la Revolución mexicana, t. XIV, México, El Colegio de México, 1979.Guevara Niebla, Gilberto, La educación socialista en México, 1934- 1945, México, SEP, 1985.Guízar Y Azevedo, Jesús, La Civitas mexicana y nosotros los católicos, México, Polis, 1953.Guízar Y Azevedo, Jesús, Los católicos y la política, el caso de Capistrán Garza, México, Polis, 1957.Gutiérrez Casillas, José s. J., Historia de la Iglesia en México, México, Porrúa, 1974.Gutiérrez Casillas, José S. J, Jesuitas en México durante el siglo XX, México, Porrúa, 1981.Hanley, Timothy C., “Civilian Leadership of the Cristero Movement. The lndlr and the Church-State Conflict in Mexico, 1925-1935”, tesis, Nueva York, Columbia University, 1977.Historia y Grafía (revista), núm. 29, 2007. “La prueba del tiempo, la Compañía de Jesús”.Jarlot, G., “Pie XI, doctrine et action”, en Doctrine pontificale et histoire, Roma, Presses de l’Université Grégorienne, 1973.Le Bras Gabriel, y J. Gaudemet (coords.), Histoire du Droit et des Institutions de l’Église en Occident, t. XVI y XVIII, París, Cujas, 1984.Lerner, Victoria, Historia de la Revolución mexicana. La educación socialista, t. 17, México, El Colegio de México, 1979.Lida, Clara, Inmigración y exilio. Reflexiones sobre el caso español, México, Siglo XXI/El Colegio de México, 1997.Loaeza, Soledad, Clases medias y política en México, La querella escolar, 1958-1963, México, El Colegio de México, 1988.Loaeza, Soledad, El Partido Acción Nacional: la larga marcha, 1939-1994, México, El Colegio de México, 1999.López Bucio, Baltasar, Don Sergio Méndez Arceo, México, SSM/Dabar, 1993.Mabry, Donald J., Mexico’s Accion Nacional. A Catholic Alternative to Revolution, 1939-1972, Syracuse, Syracuse University Press, 1973.Margadant, Guillermo, La Iglesia mexicana y el derecho, México, Porrúa, 1984.Matesanz, J.A., Las raíces del exilio. México ante la guerra civil española, México, UNAM/El Colegio de México, 1999.Medina, Luis, Historia de la Revolución mexicana, 1940-1952, tt. 18 y 20, México, El Colegio de México, 1978-1979.Medina, Luis, Hacia el nuevo Estado. México 1920-1940, México, FCE, 1993.Meinvielle, P. Julio, ¿Qué saldrá de la España que sangra?, Buenos Aires, Talleres Gráficos San Pablo, 1937.Meyer, Jean, “Los jesuitas como intelectuales comprometidos”, ponencia presentada en el VII Congreso de Historiadores Mexicanos y Norteamericanos, Chicago, 1981.Meyer, Jean, 50 años de radicalismo: La Iglesia católica, la derecha y la izquiera en América Latina, México, IMDOSOC, 1986.Meyer, Jean, “Una historia política de la religión en el México contemporáneo”, en Historia Mexicana, vol. XLII, núm. 3, 1993.Meyer, Jean, “Las Iglesias cristianas y la política”, en Crónica Legislativa, vol. VI, núm. 13, febrero 1997.Meyer, Jean, Historia de los cristianos en América Latina, México, Jus, 1999.Meyer, Jean, Samuel Ruiz en San Cristobal, México, Tusquets, 2002.Meyer, Jean, El sinarquismo, el cardenismo y la Iglesia católica, México, Tusquets, 2003.Michel P.A., y Pedro Velázquez, La lucha comunista contra la religión, México, Secretariado Social, 1960.Miranda, Miguel Darío, Memorias del Señor Cardenal M.D. Miranda, México, Progreso, 1988.Moctezuma Aquiles (seud. de los PP Eduardo Iglesias y Rafael Martínez del Campo), El conflicto religioso de 1926, México, Jus, 2 tt., 1960.Negrete, Martaelena, Relaciones entre la Iglesia y el Estado en México 1930-1940, México, El Colegio de México/Universidad Iberoamericana, 1988-1989.Ortoll, Servando, “Catholic Organizations in Mexico’s National Politics, 1926-1942”, tesis, Nueva York, Columbia University, 1987.Pacheco Hinojosa, María Martha, “Iglesia, familia y sociedad, una aproximación al Movimiento Familiar Cristiano en México”, tesis, México, Universidad Iberoamericana, 1994.Pacheco Hinojosa, María Martha, “Cristianismo sí, comunismo no, anticomunismo eclesiástico en México”, en Estudios de Historia Moderna y Contemporánea, núm. 24 (julio-dic), 2002.Pacheco Hinojosa, María Martha, “La Iglesia católica mexicana, 1955-1975”, en Estudios, núm. 72, 2005, pp. 65-99. 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Autobiografía, México, Buena Prensa, 1942.Setien, José María, Laicidad del Estado e Iglesia, México, IMDOSOC, 2007Septién García, Carlos, “La Hispanidad”, en II Congreso Iberoamericano de Estudiantes Católicos, Lima, 1939, pp. 143-173.Sturzo, Luigi, L’Italie et le fascisme, París, Alcan, 1927. Torres Ramírez, Blanca, Historia de la Revolución mexicana, t. 19, México, El Colegio de México, 1979.Valverde Y Téllez, Emeterio, Biobibliografía eclesiástica mexicana, México, Jus, 3 tt., 1949.Velázquez, Manuel, Pedro Velázquez. Apóstol de la Justicia, México, Secretariado Social, 1978.Velásquez, Pedro, El Secretariado Social Mexicano, 25 años de vida, México, SSM, 1945.Velásquez, Pedro, Iniciación a la vida política, México, Editorial Social Latinoamericana, 1957.Videla, G., Sergio Méndez Arceo, un señor obispo (entrevistas), Cuernavaca, Correo del Sur, 1982.Villaseñor, Guillermo, Estado e Iglesia, el caso de la educación, México, Edicol, 1978.Zermeño, Guillermo y Rubén Aguilar, Hacia una reinterpretación del sinarquismo actual, México, Universidad Iberoamericana, 1988.La laicidad es la afirmación del derecho que la comunidad política tiene de disponer de sí misma y de gestionar los asuntos que le tocan, sin injerencia de otra autoridad, especialmente de índole religiosa. Ahora bien, John Womack Jr. afirma que si en México la democracia sufre tanto para arraigar, esto se debe al hecho de que “durante 150 años los católicos, a saber la inmensa mayoría de la nación, fueron políticamente muertos bajo una larga dictadura liberal”. De ser el caso, no se puede hablar históricamente de laicidad sino de “laicismo”
Muslim-Christian relations in Palestine during the British mandate period
No full textMy dissertation
examines
Muslim-Christian
relations
in Palestine during the British
mandate period, specifically, around the question of what constituted
Palestinian-Arab identity. More broadly
speaking, the dissertation
addresses the topic within the
context of the larger debate
concerning the role of material
factors (those
related to
specific
historical developments
and circumstances) versus that of
ideological
ones. in
determining
national
identities. At the beginning
of the twentieth, century, two models
of
Arab
nationalism were proposed-a more secular one emphasising a shared
language
and culture
(and thus, relatively
inclusive
of non-Muslims) and one wherein
Arab identity
was seen as essentially an extension of the Islamic
religious
community, or umma.
While
many
historians dealing
with
Arab
nationalism
have
tended to focus
on the role of
language (likewise, the role of
Christian Arab
intellectuals), I
would maintain that
it is the latter
model that proved
determinative
of
how
most
Muslim Arabs
came to conceive of their identity
as Arabs. Both
models
were essentially
intellectual
constructs; that the latter
prevailed
in the end reflects the
predominance of material
factors
over
ideological
ones.
Specifically, I
consider the
impact
of social, political and economic changes related to the Tanzimat
reforms and
European
economic penetration of the nineteenth century; the role of proto-nationalist
models of communal
identification-particularly
those related to religion; and
finally,
the role played
by
political actors seeking to gain or consolidate authority through the
manipulation of proto-nationalist symbols
