608 research outputs found
Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury following Acute Myocardial Infarction: A Critical Issue for Clinicians and Forensic Pathologists
No full textAcute myocardial infarction (AMI) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality. Reperfusion strategies are the current standard therapy for AMI. However, they may result in paradoxical cardiomyocyte dysfunction, known as ischemic reperfusion injury (IRI). Different forms of IRI are recognized, of which only the first two are reversible: reperfusion-induced arrhythmias, myocardial stunning, microvascular obstruction, and lethal myocardial reperfusion injury. Sudden death is the most common pattern for ischemia-induced lethal ventricular arrhythmias during AMI. The exact mechanisms of IRI are not fully known. Molecular, cellular, and tissue alterations such as cell death, inflammation, neurohumoral activation, and oxidative stress are considered to be of paramount importance in IRI. However, comprehension of the exact pathophysiological mechanisms remains a challenge for clinicians. Furthermore, myocardial IRI is a critical issue also for forensic pathologists since sudden death may occur despite timely reperfusion following AMI, that is one of the most frequently litigated areas of cardiology practice. In this paper we explore the literature regarding the pathophysiology of myocardial IRI, focusing on the possible role of the calpain system, oxidative-nitrosative stress, and matrix metalloproteinases and aiming to foster knowledge of IRI pathophysiology also in terms of medicolegal understanding of sudden deaths following AMI
The Long Way to Objectify Organ Damage Related to Cocaine Abuse: Oxidative Stress is the Main Culprit
No full textCocaine is one of the principal drugs of abuse, it is an illegal psychostimulant, and the chronic consumption of cocaine causes damage in a range of body organs. Cocaine is known to undergo metabolism through multiple enzymatic pathways leading to the formation of several highly reactive species, which have been proposed to exert a direct toxic effect in the organs. All its metabolites may be involved in the activation of redox cycles, the depletion or decrease of antioxidant enzymes and the consequent generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) leading to oxidative stress (OS) events, the lipid peroxidation and disruption of cellular activity, and consequently cocaine-induced organs damage. However, the exact mechanisms of cocaine-mediated toxicity in all the organs are not fully understood.
This review provides extensive evidence in support of the hypothesis that oxidative metabolites play important roles comprising oxidative stress, defined as a disturbance of redox signaling and control that can cause malfunction in organs such as the brain, heart, liver, kidney and skin
From Suspicion to Trust: The ‘Pact of Translation’ in Two Author-Translator Collaborations
No full textThere is a vast literature showing that author-translator relationships are often fraught with tensions which undermine trust between the two parties (Anokhina 2017; Hersant, 2017, 2020). These tensions are hardly detectable from the sole comparison of source and target texts but are likely to be revealed in archival material such as editorial correspondence or revised translator’s typescripts and galley proofs. The examination of archival material makes it possible to observe how trust between translator and author develops and deepens, but also how it can be jeopardized when other intermediaries come into play. This paper focuses on documents taken from the Lilly Library at the University of Indiana Bloomington. Both epitextual sources (such as correspondence with publishers and authors) and genetic sources (such as translators’ manuscripts and notebooks) pertaining to translators William Weaver (1923-2012) and Barbara Wright (1915-2009) are examined, with a view to better understand the complex interplay of trust and mistrust that takes place in translation collaborations
DONOR SELECTION FOR ALLOGENIC HAEMOPOIETIC STEM CELL TRANSPLANTATION: CLINICAL AND ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS
No full textAllogenic haematopoietic progenitor cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) is an established treatment for many diseases. Stem cells may be obtained from different sources: mobilized peripheral blood stem cells, bone marrow and umbilical cord blood. The progress in transplantation procedures, the establishment of experienced transplant centres, and the creation of unrelated adult donor registries and cord blood banks gave those without an HLA- identical sibling donor the opportunity to find a donor and cord blood units worldwide.
HSCT imposes operative cautions so that the entire donation/transplantation procedure is safe both for donors and recipients; it carries with it significant clinical, moral and ethical concerns, mostly when donors are minor. The following points have been stressed: the donation should be excluded when excessive risks for the donor are reasonable; donors must receive an accurate information regarding eventual adverse events and health burden for the donors themselves; a valid consent is required; the recipient’s risks must be outweighed by the expected benefits. The issue of conflict of interest, when the same physician has the responsibility for both donor selection and recipient care, are highlighted as well as the need of an adequate insurance protection for all the parties involved
Multi-phase post-mortem CT-angiography: A pathologic correlation study on cardiovascular sudden death
No full textMulti-phase post-mortem CT-angiography (MPMCTA) has the great potential to increase the quality of the post-mortem investigation, especially in the area of sudden death; however, its role as routine complement to the pathology toolbox is still questioned as it needs to be further standardized. The aim of this study is to investigate the contribution of MPMCTA in cases of sudden unexplained death in adults and in particular in sudden cardiovascular death. Sixty-eight sudden unexpected deaths of adults were investigated at our institution between 2012 and 2013. Ten cases underwent MPMCTA and autopsy and were included in the study. Before the angiographic step by complete filling of the vascular system, prior to any manipulation of the body, a non-contrast CT-scan was carried out. Image reconstructions were performed on a CT workstation (Vitrea) and two radiologists experienced with post mortem imaging interpreted the MPMCTA findings. In all 10 cases, we could state a good correlation between combination of post-mortem CT and MPMCTA and autopsy procedures, confirming a high diagnostic sensitivity. With this case series we want to illustrate the advantages offered by performing MPMCTA when facing a sudden death, regardless of specific suspicion for acute coronary syndrome or other vascular or ischemic disease
THE GAME IS OVER: A CASE OF DEATH BY AUTOEROTIC ASPHYXIATION
No full textAutoerotic asphyxia is defined as a self-induced cerebral anoxia in an autoerotic context. This practice is used to induce a state of hypoxia to elicit or enhance sexual excitement and orgasm. Autoerotic deaths are very rare events and include different mechanism such as asphyxia by hanging, ligature or electrocution, overdressing wrapping and more. According to the literature, male subjects are reported as the main victims of these events. In this paper we describe an interesting case of a 54-year-old Italian man, who accidentally deceased by placing a hemp rope around his neck during autoerotic asphyxial activities. The rope examination revealed an interesting safety mechanism: a means to adjust its diameter through a supplementary rope
Pascale Drouet, Love’s Labour’s Lost
No full textWith its concise historical contextualizing and its pertinent approaches to analysis, Pascale Drouet’s recent publication provides the oft-overlooked play the critical acknowledgment it greatly deserves. It is especially designed for francophone students of Shakespeare, bringing together some of the most artfully-couched and enlightening insights from other prominent critical works, continental and other. In “Repères,” the author makes use of those biographical and historical elements that sh..
THE RELEVANCE OF A MULTIDISCIPLINARY APPROACH TO THE CRIME SCENE INVESTIGATION: A CASE REPORT OF A HOMICIDE VICTIM WHO WAS HIDDEN
No full textHealthcare workers: heroes or victims? Context of the western world and proposals to prevent violence
No full textEpisodes of direct violence against healthcare workers and social workers represent a worrying and widespread phenomenon in Western countries. These violent attacks, whether verbal or physical, occur in various work environments, targeting professionals working in private facilities, medical practices, or those employed within the National Health System facilities. We conducted a search using a single search engine (PubMed) using the terms “violence against healthcare workers AND Western” for the period 2003–2023, identifying 45 results to which we added to the literature through hand searching. Our review thus analyzed the sector literature to highlight the phenomenon of violence against healthcare workers, particularly in Western countries. We began with an analysis of the problem and then focused on the true purpose of the study, which is to propose new solutions to protect healthcare workers in all work settings. Consequently, we aim to improve both the working environment for healthcare professionals and to enhance the overall healthcare and public health outcomes
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