1,721,024 research outputs found
I sistemi amministrativi federali tra uniformità e differenza: Spagna e Germania
No full textAvendo sullo sfondo le trasformazioni ordinamentali originate dal titolo V della costituzione, il saggio si propone di studiare l'organizzazione di servizi sociali e sanitari in due paesi europei di assetto federale o semi-federale per trarne poi utili indicazioni anche per l'Italia. Gli aspetti analizzati sono: le competenze legislative suddivise tra stato e autonomie; l'organizzazione amministrativa; il finanziamento e la disciplina del personale. I due sistemi nazionali, pur essendo molto diversi tra loro, mostrano che nei sistemi federali o semi-federali la presenza del governo centrale è molto importante specie dove sono in gioco diritti essenziali, anche se i poteri e gli strumenti a disposizione non possono coincidere con quelli degli stati ad assetto più centralistico.Bearing in mind the Italian Constitutional amendment in 2001, the essay aims to study the organization of social and health services in two European countries having federal or semi-federal features in the belief that useful indications can be drawn for Italy. The analyzed aspects are: the legislative jurisdictions, administrative organization, finance and the framework of civil servants. The two national systems, although very different, show that in the federal or quasi-federal systems the presence of the central government is very important especially where basic rights are at stake, even though the available powers and tools may not coincide with those states having a more centralized structure
Dall'abrogazione (tentata) al meccanismo estintivo (attuato): storia (infelice) delle (redivive) contravvenzioni alimentari (o di quel che resta...)
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Recirculation and residency of T cells and tregs. lessons learnt in anacapri
Full text link“Location, location, and location”: according to this mantra, the place where living beings settle has a key impact on the success of their activities; in turn, the living beings can, in many ways, modify their environment. This idea has now become more and more true for T cells. The ability of T cells to recirculate throughout blood or lymph, or to stably reside in certain tissues, turned out to determine immunity to pathogens, and tumors. If location matters also for human beings, the inspiring environment of Capri Island has contributed to the success of the EFIS-EJI Ruggero Ceppellini Advanced School of Immunology focused on “T cell memory,” held in Anacapri from October 12, 2018 to October 15, 2018. In this minireview, we would like to highlight some novel concepts about T cell migration and residency and discuss their implications in relation to recent advances in the field, including the mechanisms regulating compartmentalization and cell cycle entry of T cells during activation, the role of mitochondrial metabolism in T cell movement, and the residency of regulatory T cells
La tela di Penelope. Primo Rapporto Astrid sulla semplificazione legislativa e burocratica
No full textUpstream and downstream implementation arrangements in two-level games. A focus on administrative simplification in the Italian National Recovery and Resilience Plan
Full text linkThe onset of the European NGEU program represented for European member states a formidable opportunity for post-pandemic recovery and yet a significant challenge at the same time: to receive and retain EU funds, each state had to promptly draw up a National Recovery and Resilience Plan-NRRP) and commit to a pressing timetable for its implementation. Regarding this challenge, the Italian government's response is a case in point: first, Italy is by far the largest beneficiary of NGEU funds; second, it has long had a reputation for being laggard in both the implementation of European directives and the spending of cohesion policy structural funds; and the formulation of the NRRP, the design of the governance in charge of its implementation, and implementation itself, occurred at a particular moment in the country's political life. Based on these premises, the article examines the upstream process by which the Italian government designed the implementation arrangements for the adoption of simplification policies under the NRRP and their downstream recalibration in the first two years, taking the implementation arrangements as the dependent variable. Analytically, the focus is on the interplay between the pressures of EU timetables and internal political dynamics, be they the legacy or strategic political considerations on the part of national policymakers, in determining the design and eventual re-design of implementation arrangements as the plan unfolds
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