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Lo sguardo delle viaggiatrici sull'Italia di mezzo. Un progetto fotografico / The Gaze of women travellers on Middle Italy. A photography project
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Rome–Paris, 1950-1959: «Phases de l'Esperienza moderna», la calligraphie extrême-orientale et la poésie
No full textPaolo Mascagni and Alessandro Moreschi: the intellectual property right on the discovery of the vascular structure of urethral tissue.
No full textIn the beginning of the XIX century, when both vascular and cellular texture theories concerning the penis structure were still coexisting, three figures were involved in the controversy about the priority of the discovery of the vascular nature of human erectile tissues: Paolo Mascagni (1755-1815), represented by his pupil Tommaso Farnese (1780-1829), and Alessandro Moreschi (1771-1826). In the Elogio del celebre anatomico Paolo Mascagni (1816), Farnese attributed to his mentor the demonstration in 1809 of the continuity between arteries and veins and the description of venous plexuses, this term replacing the previous and misleading name of spongy body attributed to the inner part of penis. But in 1817 Moreschi inflamed the dispute, claiming for the priority of that discovery, with the publication of his anatomical work and a polemical essay against Farnese. Farnese promptly replied with Note addizionali del Dottore Tommaso Farnese al suo elogio di Paolo Mascagni (1818), where he reported a meeting with Moreschi in Bologna in 1810. In that occasion, Farnese explained a Mascagni’s technique to perfuse urethral blood vessels that Moreschi would have plagiarized. Furthermore, Farnese also included eight testimonies claiming to have seen Mascagni performing such injections before 1810. The Prodromo della grande anatomia, a posthumous work of Mascagni edited in1819, includes a plate dedicated to the structure of the urethra and a comprehensive view of this scientific story. In short, Mascagni developed a technique to inject urethral blood vessels, but Moreschi was the first to publish an accurate work on this subject. For this reason, many Italian and international authors have attribut-ed to the latter the discovery of the venous circulation of the urethra
Discovery and development of the cardiovascular system with a focus on angiogenesis: a historical overview
Full text linkIn comparison with other organs, the beating heart and the red color of blood flowing inside vessels not only were arguments for anatomical research but also inspired metaphorical as well as symbolical considerations. Indeed, for a long time the cardiac pump was thought as the seat of passions and a haemocardiocentric theory developed, especially in Aristotle’s philosophy. After the Galen’s medicine, new anatomical observations were shown in the Renaissance period, with modern descriptions of the cardiovascular system by Leonardo da Vinci and Vesalius. Descartes’ mechanistic view confirmed the discovery of the blood circulation by Harvey, and microscopic investigations unrevealed the capillary network. Most of these studies mainly described blood vessels as static anatomical structures and said little about their formation and development. Then, at the end of the 18th century, Hunter introduced the concept of angiogenesis in in vivo experiments, leading to the modern embryological research. The beginning of angiogenesis era was characterized by the first microscopical evidences of capillary formation and the discovery of the angioblasts by Sabin. The evolution of angiogenesis concept occurred in the ‘70s of 20th century with the pivotal work by Folkman and the onset of research on pro-and anti-angiogenic factors which characterized the next two decades of angiogenesis field. New models of neovascularization have been recently proposed such as the vasculogenic mimicry and the vessel cooption to explain the non-angiogenic tumor growth and the antiangiogenic drug unresponsiveness. Future trends are dealing with the role of angiogenic process and immunity
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