15 research outputs found

    Analysis of Hard Decision and Soft Decision decoding mechanism using Viterbi Decoder in Presence of Different Adaptive Modulations

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    This paper exhibits the performance of both the hard and soft decision method of decoding for analysis of different existing adaptive modulation techniques by using Viterbi decoder. In hard decision Viterbi decoding, the got code word is contrasted and all the conceivable code words and the code word which gives the base Hamming distance is chosen. While in soft decision decoding all the possible code words with the minimum Euclidean distance is selected in presence of Additive White Gaussian Noise (AWGN) channel. The MATLAB codes are executed for signal-to-noise ratio per bit (Eb/No) with respect to bit error rate (BER) using convolution encoder and optimized Viterbi decoding (HDVD) algorithm. Also the performance is compared for both the hard and soft decision decoding

    Design and Analysis of a Low-profile Microstrip Antenna for 5G Applications using AI-based PSO Approach

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    Microstrip antennas are high gain aerials for low-profile wireless applications working with frequencies over 100 MHz. This paper presents a study and design of a low cost slotted-type microstrip patch antenna that can be used in 5G millimeter wave applications. This research focuses on the effect of ground slots and patch slots which, in turn, affect different antenna parameters, such as return loss, VSWR, gain, radiation pattern, and axial ratio. The working frequency range varies from 24 to 28 GHz, thus falling within 5G specifications. A subset of artificial intelligence (AI) known as particle swarm optimization (PSO) is used to approximatively solve issues involving maximization and minimization of numerical values, being highly challenging or even impossible to solve in a precise manner. Here, we have designed and analyzed a low-profile printed microstrip antenna for 5G applications using the AI-based PSO approach. The novelty of the research is mainly in the design approach, compactness of size and antenna applicability. The antenna was simulated with the use of HFSS simulation software

    Design and Analysis of a Low-profile Microstrip Antenna for 5G Applications using AI-based PSO Approach, Journal of Telecommunications and Information Technology, 2023, nr 3

    No full text
    Microstrip antennas are high gain aerials for low-profile wireless applications working with frequencies over 100 MHz. This paper presents a study and design of a low cost slotted-type microstrip patch antenna that can be used in 5G millimeter wave applications. This research focuses on the effect of ground slots and patch slots which, in turn, affect different antenna parameters, such as return loss, VSWR, gain, radiation pattern, and axial ratio. The working frequency range varies from 24 to 28 GHz, thus falling within 5G specifications. A subset of artificial intelligence (AI) known as particle swarm optimization (PSO) is used to approximatively solve issues involving maximization and minimization of numerical values, being highly challenging or even impossible to solve in a precise manner. Here, we have designed and analyzed a low-profile printed microstrip antenna for 5G applications using the AI-based PSO approach. The novelty of the research is mainly in the design approach, compactness of size and antenna applicability. The antenna was simulated with the use of HFSS simulation software

    Retracted Article Occupational Stress Psychological Well being and Quality of Life among Indian Army Personnel

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    Retraction Note: The article was published, it is retracted due to sensitivity of the study, the author and co-author has requested that the published paper should be withdrawn
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