1,490 research outputs found
Mindfulness and cognitive functions: toward a unifying neurocognitive framework
No full textA number of studies in cognitive psychology and neuroscience have shown the effects of mindfulness and meditation training in enhancing cognitive functions assessed by a broad range of tasks implicating measures of response accuracy, response time, and associated electrophysiological and neuroimaging patterns. We will offer a theoretical framework based on cognitive and consciousness neurosciences to account for the broad range of effects of mindfulness meditation training on multiple cognitive functions. We will also review other findings in cognitive psychology and neuroscience of meditation and mindfulness of relevance for this special section and the proposed framework
The exploration of meditation in the neuroscience of attention and consciousness
No full textMany recent behavioral and neuroscientific studies have revealed the importance of investigating meditation states and traits to achieve an increased understanding of cognitive and affective neuroplasticity, attention and self-awareness, as well as for their increasingly recognized clinical relevance. The investigation of states and traits related to meditation has especially pronounced implications for the neuroscience of attention, consciousness, self-awareness, empathy and theory of mind. In this article we present the main features of meditation-based mental training and characterize the current scientific approach to meditation states and traits with special reference to attention and consciousness, in light of the articles contributed to this issue
An adaptive workspace hypothesis about the neural correlates of consciousness: insights from neuroscience and meditation studies
No full textWhile enormous progress has been made to identify neural correlates of consciousness (NCC), crucial NCC aspects are still very controversial. A major hurdle is the lack of an adequate definition and characterization of different aspects of conscious experience and also its relationship to attention and metacognitive processes like monitoring. In this paper, we therefore attempt to develop a unitary theoretical framework for NCC, with an interdependent characterization of endogenous attention, access consciousness, phenomenal awareness, metacognitive consciousness, and a non-referential form of unified consciousness. We advance an adaptive workspace hypothesis about the NCC based on the global workspace model emphasizing transient resonant neurodynamics and prefrontal cortex function, as well as meditation-related characterizations of conscious experiences. In this hypothesis, transient dynamic links within an adaptive coding net in prefrontal cortex, especially in anterior prefrontal cortex, and between it and the rest of the brain, in terms of ongoing intrinsic and long-range signal exchanges, flexibly regulate the interplay between endogenous attention, access consciousness, phenomenal awareness, and metacognitive consciousness processes. Such processes are established in terms of complementary aspects of an ongoing transition between context-sensitive global workspace assemblies, modulated moment-tomoment by body and environment states. Brain regions associated to momentary interoceptive and exteroceptive self-awareness, or first-person experiential perspective as emphasized in open monitoring meditation, play an important modulatory role in adaptive workspace transitions
Rethinking police education : a comparative analysis using the hermeneutical approach / Narayanan a/l Srinivasan
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Numerical studies on erosive burning in cylindrical solid propellant grain
No full textThis paper addresses erosive burning of a cylindrical composite propellant grain. Equations governing the steady axisymmetric, chemically reacting boundary layer are solved numerically. The turbulence is described by the two equation (k-?) model and Spalding’s eddy break up model is employed for the gas phase reaction rate. The governing equations are transformed and solved in the normalized stream function coordinate system. The results indicate that the dominant reaction zone lies within 20% of the boundary layer thickness close to the wall. The sharp gradient of the temperature profile near the wall is found responsible for bringing the maximum heat release zone near the surface and hence enhancement in the burning rate. The model reproduces the experimental observation that erosive burning commences only above a threshold value of axial velocit
Experimental study of the behavior of a single droplet and sprays in a sound field of Hartmann acoustic generator
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