198 research outputs found
Reliable Change Formula Query: Temkin et al. reply
No full textHinton-Bayre (2000) raises a point that may occur
to many readers who are familiar with the Reliable Change
Index (RCI). In our previous paper comparing four models
for detecting significant change in neuropsychological
performance (Temkin et al., 1999), we used a formula for
calculating Sdiff, the measure of
variability for the test–retest difference, that
differs from the one Hinton-Bayre has seen employed in
other studies of the RCI. In fact, there are two ways
of calculating Sdiff—a direct
method and an approximate method. As stated by Jacobson
and Truax (1991, p. 14), the direct method is to compute
“the standard error of the difference between the
two test scores” or equivalently
[begin square root](s12 +
s22 − 2s1s2rxx′)[end square root]
where si is the standard deviation at
time i and rxx′ is the
test–retest correlation or reliability coefficient.
Jacobson and Truax also provide a formula for the approximation
of Sdiff when one does not have access
to retest data on the population of interest, but does have a
test–retest reliability coefficient and an estimate
of the cross-sectional standard deviation, i.e., the standard
deviation at a single point in time. This approximation assumes
that the standard deviations at Time 1 and Time 2 are equal,
which may be close to true in many cases. Since we had the
longitudinal data to directly calculate the standard error of
the difference between scores at Time 1 and Time 2, we used the
direct method. Which method is preferable? When the needed data
are available, it is the one we used.</jats:p
Functional Status Examination in Patients with Moderate-to-Severe Traumatic Brain Injuries
No full textThe assessment of functional status after traumatic brain injury (TBI) is important. The Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) and its revised version, the Glasgow Outcome Scale Extended (GOSE), have been used most frequently in TBI research, but there are concerns about the sensitivity of these measures. The current study evaluated the psychometric properties of the Functional Status Examination (FSE) using a sample of 448 moderately to severely injured subjects with TBI. It was shown that the FSE is significantly related to other measures of functional status including the GOSE, Short Form Health Survey, and European Quality of Life Checklist (p < 0.001), is sensitive to TBI severity (p < 0.001), and is responsive to recovery from 3 to 6 months post-injury (p < 0.001). In addition, there was a significant agreement (r = 0.817, p < 0.001) between the patient and significant other's assessment of functional status on the FSE at 6 months post-injury. The FSE may be a valuable measure of functional status after TBI given its strong psychometric properties, including validity, sensitivity to brain injury severity, and recovery over time
Natural history of depression in traumatic brain injury11No commercial party having a direct financial interest in the results of the research supporting this article has or will confer a benefit upon the author(s) or upon any organization with which the author(s) is/are associated.
No full text
Experimental and computational data set on adsorption of Cr (VI) from water using an activated carbon
No full textChromium (Cr) is a widely used metal in metallurgical and chemical industries, whose waste contaminates the surface and groundwater. Cr (VI) is toxic and produces carcinogenic effects owing to its high mobility in water and soil. In this work, computational and experimental studies from the adsorption of Cr(VI) from aqueous solutions on teak wood residues activated with ZnCl2 (AT) are presented. Full interpretation of data can be found in DOI:10.1016/j.jece.2020.103702 [1]. Experimental data were adjusted to Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin isothermal models and the nonlinear and linear forms of the Pseudo-first and Pseudo-second order kinetic models. Computational data allow to understand the adsorption process of Cr(VI) on carbonaceous materials. © 2020 The Author(s
A Manual for the Glasgow Outcome Scale-Extended Interview
No full textThe Glasgow Outcome Scale-Extended (GOSE) has become one of the most widely used outcome instruments to assess global disability and recovery after traumatic brain injury. Achieving consistency in the application of the assessment remains a challenge, particularly in multi-center studies involving many assessors. We present a manual for the GOSE interview that is designed to support both single- and multi-center studies and promote inter-rater agreement. Many patients fall clearly into a particular category; however, patients may have outcomes that are on the borderline between adjacent categories, and cases can present other challenges for assessment. The Manual includes the general principles of assessment, advice on administering each section of the GOSE interview, and guidance on “borderline” and “difficult” cases. Finally, we discuss the properties of the GOSE, including strengths and limitations, and outline recommendations for assessor training, accreditation, and monitoring
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