471 research outputs found
Problematizing vulnerability
No full textPaul I. Kadetz - ORCID: 0000-0002-2824-1856
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2824-1856Item not available in this repository.In crises, social exclusions thwart both access to resources and options out of vulnerability. Thus, sociocultural systems that privilege certain groups over others before a disaster ultimately produce the postdisaster vulnerability of those excluded groups. Yet, gender inequality and other forms of domination and exclusion have remained largely unexamined in US disaster research and interventions; which is often more concerned with technology and the rebuilding of physical infrastructure, than strengthening the social infrastructure. Dependence upon an essentialized depiction of vulnerability and “disaster victims,” while ignoring the predisaster social factors that engender and perpetuate inequality, exclusion, and lack of access to resources, serves to exacerbate the problem of postdisaster vulnerability. Thus, in order to address gendered and intersectional vulnerability in disasters, all of the complex factors contributing to vulnerability and inequality would need to be collectively assessed. But this would require analysis in disaster preparedness, recovery, and reconstruction that is far more specific than current aggregated groupings of sex, gender, and race/ethnicity. The complexity of gendered vulnerability through more complete data collection would provide a means to disaggregate gender via a series of criteria that include income, age, ethnicity, marriage status, sexual orientation, as well as other specific criteria, such as education, religion, disability and HIV-status. A response and recovery emphasis on strengthening local capacity of the most vulnerable in any group is essential. This chapter examines the intersections of gender, race, class, and other marginalized groups in the creation of postdisaster vulnerability in New Orleans. While pre-Katrina gendered vulnerability was stark, the lack of focus on the reduction of disparities provides important lessons for other contexts.https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-809557-7.00009-0pubpu
Editors’ introduction
No full textPaul I. Kadetz – ORCID: 0000-0002-2824-1856
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2824-1856This book will examine one of the worst disasters in the history of the United States. Hurricane Katrina resulted in the near-total destruction of a major US metropolitan area (Knabb, Rhome, & Brown 2005), with over 1500 deaths in New Orleans (alone) in the immediate impact period (Osofsy et al., 2009). Eighty percent of the city's area and built structures were flooded (Cigler, 2007). The disaster in the wake of Hurricane Katrina, in August 2005, will be examined through an historical perspective with the goal of clarifying how vulnerability and resilience interacted to affect the postdisaster recovery and sustainability of New Orleans and coastal Louisiana. The years after Katrina offer many lessons concerning the growing vulnerability associated with sea-level rise and climate extremes. The examination of the precursors and sequelae of Hurricane Katrina through a complex systems lens, with a strong emphasis on local knowledge and capacity, offers important lessons for urban and coastal regions. We develop the theoretical and conceptual framing for this volume, including the concept of structural violence. Finally, we provide a brief overview of the book chapters.https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-809557-7.00001-
A systems approach to vulnerability and resilience in post-Katrina New Orleans
No full textPaul I. Kadetz – ORCID: 0000-0002-2824-1856
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2824-1856Item not available in this repository.This chapter examines a systems approach for understanding the complex linkages between vulnerability and resilience in disaster recovery. We identify several key features of complex systems in general and the complex system of the Hurricane Katrina disaster in particular. This chapter explores the role of information in complex systems, as well as the role of The New Orleans Index in the recovery from Hurricane Katrina. We also examine the influence of collective action, culture, and aid for harnessing information for disaster recovery planning. This chapter concludes that a recovery indicator project, such as The New Orleans Index, will prove valuable in similar contexts, as will mechanisms that facilitate the collection and analysis of additional and more granular information for communities impacted by a disaster.https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-809557-7.00004-1pubpu
Epilogue: Back to the future?
No full textPaul I. Kadetz – ORCID: 0000-0002-2824-1856
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2824-1856Item not available in this repository.https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-809557-7.00026-0pubpu
Dynamics of early recovery in two historically low-income New Orleans’ neighborhoods
No full textPaul I. Kadetz - ORCID: 0000-0002-2824-1856
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2824-1856Postdisaster community level analysis is essential for long-term community viability and resilience. This chapter analyzes the early recovery efforts following Hurricane Katrina in two low-income New Orleans neighborhoods; Tremé and Central City, which created a unique partnership between academics and communities. This analysis is based on a novel project that used participatory and action research. The results demonstrate the importance of using neighborhood-level mixed-methods research and multilevel analysis to better inform the recovery process. Lessons derived from this research can inform similar recovery efforts in future recovery contexts.https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-809557-7.00014-
Creating Katrina, Rebuilding Resilience: Lessons from New Orleans on Vulnerability and Resiliency
No full textPaul I. Kadetz - ORCID: 0000-0002-2824-1856
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2824-1856Item not available in this repository.Creating Katrina, Rebuilding Resilience: Lessons from New Orleans on Vulnerability and Resiliency presents a unique, integrative understanding of Hurricane Katrina in the New Orleans area, and the progression to disaster vulnerability as well as resilience pathways. The book integrates the understanding of vulnerability and resiliency by examining the relationships among these two concepts and theories.
The disaster knowledge of diverse disciplines and professions is brought together in this book, with authors from social work, public health, community organizing, sociology, political science, public administration, psychology, anthropology, geography and the study of religion. The editors offer both expert and an insider perspectives on Katrina because they have lived in New Orleans and experienced Katrina and the recovery. An improved understanding of the recovery and reconstruction phases of disaster is also presented, and these disaster stages have been the least examined in the disaster and emergency management literature.https://doi.org/10.1016/C2015-0-06345-6pubpu
Farm forests, seasonal hunger, and biomass poverty: Evidence of induced intensification from panel data in the Ethiopian Highlands
No full textSeasonal hunger is the most common food
insecurity experience for millions of small dryland
farmers. This study tests the relationships between food
insecurity, farm forests, and biomass poverty using a
longitudinal dataset from the Amhara region of Ethiopia.
These data form part of the Ethiopia Socioeconomic Survey,
which collected panel data over three survey rounds from
530 households between 2011 and 2016. This dataset
represents a collection of unique socioeconomic,
wellbeing, and micro-land use measures, including farm
forests. Hierarchical mixed effect regression models
assessed the relationship between food insecurity and farm
forests as well as the conditional effects of biomass poverty
among the poorest farmers and women-headed households.
Over a six-year study period, farmers reported increased
stress from smaller land holdings, higher prices, and climaterelated
shocks. A clear trend towards spontaneous dispersed
afforestation is observed by both researchers and satellite
remote sensing. Model results indicate, dedicating
approximately 10% of farm area to forest reduces months
of food insecurity by half. The greatest reductions in food
insecurity from farm forests are reported by ultra-poor and
crop residue-burning households, suggesting that biomass
poverty may be a major constraint to resilient food security
on these farms. This research provides novel quantitative
evidence of induced intensification and food security
impacts of farm management preserving and building
stores of biomass value as green assets. The results
reported here have important implications for nature-based
solutions as a major strategy to achieve sustainable
development in some contexts
Anchoring effects in the development of false childhood memories
No full textWhen people receive descriptions or doctored photos of events that never happened, they often come to remember those events. But if people receive both a description and a doctored photo, does the order in which they receive the information matter? We asked people to consider a description and a doctored photograph of a childhood hot air balloon ride, and we varied which medium they saw first. People who saw a description first reported more false images and memories than people who saw a photo first, a result that fits with an anchoring account of false childhood memories
Detection of Iba1<sup>+</sup> microglia in HSV infected and mock infected ganglia.
No full textGanglia (A-D) were directly fixed in 4% formaldehyde, embedded, sectioned, and assayed for Iba1 expression as described in Methods. (A and B) Images of representative sections through a mock-infected (A) or latently infected (B) ganglion. Dashed lines indicate the border between the axonal and neuronal regions of the ganglion. Thin elongated cells expressing Iba1 (brown DAB reaction product) are present around neuronal bodies and along the axonal tracts (arrowheads) throughout the mock infected ganglion (A). In the latently infected ganglion, Iba1 expressing cells exhibit distinct morphologies, including large, round cells and vacuolated (foamy) cells along the axonal tracts (B and C) (arrows). “N” indicates a neuronal cell body. Clusters of neurons are marked in both A and B and shown at higher magnification. (D) Nodule of Iba1+ cells (brown) in latently infected ganglia pre-hyperthermic stress (red arrow) juxtaposed to a morphologically intact neuron (blue arrow). (E-F) At 34 h phs, ganglia were fixed in 0.5% formaldehyde and assayed for Iba1 expression in the whole ganglia, as described in Methods. (E) Low power view showing examples of cells expressing Iba1 protein (brown staining) and a control that was processed without primary antibody. Arrows indicate regions of dense clusters of Iba1 expressing cells found to be associated with viral reactivation (see Fig 6). These dense foci were not present in every ganglion and their numbers paralleled the number of reactivating neurons. (F) Clusters of Iba1+ cells (VIP; purple) were observed lining an axonal tract. Arrows point to the localization of Iba1 clusters at higher magnification.</p
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