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Volatilomic Analyses of Tuscan Juniperus oxycedrus L. and in vitro Cytotoxic Effect of Its Essential Oils on Human Cell Lines
No full textChemical composition of different organs and cytotoxic potential of essential oils (EO) of Tuscan Juniperus oxycedrus, was studied in human breast adenocarcinoma (MCF7), human chronic myeloge- nous erythroleukemia (K562) and a human neuroblastoma cell line derived from a highly malignant tumor (SH- SY5Y) cells. GC-MS analyses confirmed the prevalence of monoterpene hydrocarbons (MHs) class in all studied organs with α-pinene as the main compound. The relative abundance of this constituent ranged from 35.3 % in seed EO to exceed 50 % in the mixture (1:1) of leaf and fruit EO. Other MH compounds present in high amounts were myrcene (25.7 % and 10.9 % in seeds and fruits EOs, respectively) and limonene (11.9 % and 7.4 % in leaf and mixture EOs, respectively). Germacrene D, a sesquiterpene hydrocarbon, was the most abundant constituent of fruit EO (30.8 %). Leaf EO showed to be very active on MCF7 (IC50, 19.1 ppm) and K562 (IC50, 35.1ppm) un- derlining the time- and dose-depend way of action. The human neuroblastoma cell line (SH-SY5Y) were almost exclusively sensitive to the fruit EO (IC50, 30.8 ppm)
Volatilomic analysis of four edible flowers from agastache genus
Full text linkVolatilomes emitted from edible flowers of two species of Agastache (A. aurantiaca (A.Gray) Lint & Epling, and A. mexicana (Kunth) Lint & Epling) and from two hybrids (Agastache 'Arcado Pink' and Agastache 'Blue Boa') were investigated using a solid-phase microextraction technique as well as the extraction of its essential oils. Oxygenated monoterpenes were almost always the predominant class (>85%) of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in each sample of A. aurantiaca, A. 'Blue Boa' and A. mexicana, with the exception of A. 'Arcado Pink' (38.6%). Pulegone was the main compound in A. aurantiaca (76.7%) and A. 'Blue Boa' (82.4%), while geranyl acetate (37.5%) followed by geraniol (16%) and geranial (17%) were the principal ones in A. mexicana. The essential oil composition showed the same behavior as the VOCs both for the main class as well as the major constituent (pulegone) with the same exception for A. mexicana. Total soluble sugars, secondary metabolites (polyphenols, flavonoids and anthocyanins) and antioxidant activity were also investigated to emphasize the nutraceutical properties of these edible flowers
Salvia broussonettii Benth.: aroma profile and micromorphological analysis
No full textThe volatile profiles (VOC) and the essential oil (EO) composition from the aerial parts of Salvia broussonetii were analysed. Sesquiterpene hydrocarbons dominate the VOCs from leaves (95.7%) and flowers (67.6%), followed by monoterpene hydrocarbons (2.6 and 29.7%, respectively). The main common compounds are germacrene D, β-bourbonene, α-pinene, α-copaene and α-gurjunene, even if with divergent relative abundances. In the leaf EOs the sesquiterpenes prevail, even if not overwhelmingly (about 50.0%), followed by monoterpenes (23.0–35.0%) and by minor fractions of diterpene hydrocarbons and non-terpene derivates. The most abundant common compounds across the two sampling periods are α-pinene, β-pinene, isobornyl acetate, α-gurjenene, germacrene D and bifloratriene. A morphological characterisation of the trichomes responsible for the productivity in terpenes was also performed. Four different morphotypes were observed on the above ground organs of S. brussonetii: peltates and capitates of type II and III resulted the only producers of volatile substances
Chemical composition and in vitro cytotoxic screening of sixteen commercial essential oils on five cancer cell lines
No full textThe in vitro cytotoxic activity on human cancer cell lines of sixteen commercial EOs such as Aloysia citriodora, Boswellia sacra, Boswellia serrata, Cinnamomum zeylanicum, Cistus ladanifer, Citrus × aurantium, Citrus limon, Citrus sinensis, Cymbopogon citratus, Foeniculum vulgare, Illicium verum, Litsea cubeba, Satureja montana, Syzygium aromaticum, Thymus capitatus and Thymus vulgaris was performed using the MTT reduction assay. The screening was carried out on human cancer cells of breast adenocarcinoma (MCF7, T47D and MDA-MB-231), chronic myelogenous erythroleukemia (K562) and neuroblastoma cell lines (SH-SY5Y). C. zeylanicum and L. cubeba EOs were the most active on almost all the cell lines studied and thus could be promising as an anticancer agent. These two species showed a difference in their composition even though they belong to the Lauraceae family. Almost 57 % of the true cinnamon composition was made of (E)-cinnamaldehyde, while L. cubeba showed citral as the major compound (68.9 %). The K562 cells were the most sensitive to these oils with an IC50 ranging from 5.2 parts-per million (ppm) (C. zeylanicum) to 11.1 ppm (L. cubeba). The latter oil also showed an important cytotoxicity on MDA-MB-231 (13.4 ppm)
Volatile emission and essential oil composition of Sambucus nigra L. organs during different developmental stages
No full textVolatile organic compounds (VOC) and essential oils (EO) extracted from different organs of Sambucus nigra (leaves, flower buds, flowers, unripe and ripe fruits), were evaluated in this work. VOC analyses highlighted that oxygenated monoterpenes were the major class for both flowers and ripe fruits with percentages of 71.1% and 35.1%, respectively. The ripe fruit showed a considerable amount of linalyl acetate (26.3%) while cis-linalool oxide (pyranoide) (38.6%) was the main constituent of the flowers. This latter compound was also one of the major constituents of the leaf extracts (10.3% of the total identified fractions). The leaves evidenced a high percentage of esters (31.6%) with (Z)-3-hexenol acetate (15.1%) as the major constituent. Alcohols were exclusively represented by 1-hexanol (42.5%) and (E)-3-hexen-1-ol (31.1%) in the unripe fruits, while β-caryophyllene (42.0%) was the characteristic component of the buds. All the studied EOs showed non-terpene derivatives as the main class of volatiles even though its percentage varied in an organ-dependent manner. Alkanes were predominant and especially represented by heneicosane (the highest percentage of 32.9% in the fresh flowers) and nonadecane (the highest percentage of 17.2% in the buds,). Benzaldehyde was the main aldehyde in the leaves (17.8%) while acids, chiefly n-hexadecanoic acid, were also found in quite high amounts in the ripe fruits (14.3%)
Essential oil from Tunisian Lamiaceae as crop germination inhibitors
No full textThe essential oil obtained from rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) and pennyroyal (Mentha pulegium L.) have been analyzed by GCMS and tested for their allelopathic properties on the seed of two crops (Raphanus sativus L. and Lactuca sativa L.), with the aim to evaluate in vitro their potential as germination inhibitors. The essential oil composition varied with the species, 1,8-cineole (26%) and camphor (23%) being the main constituents of rosemary and pulegone (45%) that of mint. This latest essential oil inhibited completely the germination of crops. The oil of rosemary inhibited completely the germination of Lactuca and showed for Raphanus germination values that were not significantly different from the contro
Chemical composition and in vitro antibacterial activity of essential oils from different species of Juniperus (section Juniperus)
No full textThe essential oils (EOs) obtained from leaves belonging to three species of Juniperus (section Juniperus) collected in different localities of Italy (six samples of J oxycedrus, one sample of J deltoides and three samples of J macrocarpa), as well as three samples of commercial EOs extracted from Juniperus communis berries, were analysed for their volatile constituents by GC-MS. The antimicrobial activity of these EOs was tested against both Gram-negative (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Salmonella enterica Tiphymurium) and Gram-positive bacteria (Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus and Listeria monocytogenes) ATCC strains. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were determined. The volatile leaf and berry oils were dominated by monoterpene hydrocarbons (from 39.7% of J oxycedrus to 79.0% J macrocarpa) characterized by high amounts of α-pinene (an average of 41.3%, 43.0% and 27.6% in J macrocarpa, J oxycedrus and J communis, respectively). On the contrary, limonene was the most abundant compound (20.0%) in J deltoids. The Gram-positive bacteria evidenced a sensitivity versus EOs extracted from J oxycedrus and J communis, while a moderate susceptibility was showed against J macrocarpa EO J deltoides EO showed the lowest activity between the tested EOs against all the tested strains
Phytonutritional compounds and antioxidant activity of eight new edible flowers
No full textIn the last years, special attention has been given to the nutritional
properties of food, and the edible flowers (EFs) represent an uncommon
fresh product to characterise, with the aim to explore new
species with peculiar aesthetic and the aromatic features. This work
investigated some nutritional properties of eight new EFs, such as
Begonia boliviensis A.DC. (pink and white varieties), Dahlia pinnata
Cav., Salvia farinacea Benth., S. × jamensis J.Compton, S. ‘Purple
Queen’ Tulbaghia simmleri Beauv. ‘Alba’, T. violacea Harv. ‘Alba’, chosen
for their different colours and corolla morphologies. Primary
and secondary metabolites have been determined. The highest protein
content was found in T. violacea ‘Alba’ and D. pinnata. The
Salvia species showed the highest soluble sugar content. The two
Tulbaghia species were notable for hexose and ascorbic acid content.
D. pinnata showed the highest polyphenols, flavonoids and
carotenoid content, with the highest antiradical activit
Volatolomics of three South African helichrysum species grown in pot under protected environment
Full text linkHelichrysum decorum DC, Helichrysum lepidissimum S.Moore, and Helichrysum um-braculigerum are three species traditionally used in the South African medicine. The present work deals with the investigation of the spontaneous emission and the essential oils obtained from these plants cultivated in open field under uniform conditions. Fractions of the volatile organic compounds of the three species were rich in monoterpene hydrocarbons, representing more than 70% of the total composition. Pinene isomers were the most representative compounds: β-pinene in H. decorum (53.0%), and α-pinene in H. lepidissimum (67.9%) and H. umbraculigerum (54.8%). These latter two species evidenced an important amount of sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (SH) especially represented by γ-curcumene (H. lepidissimum) and α-and β-selinene (H. umbraculigerum). On the contrary, in the EOs, sesquiterpenes compounds prevailed, representing more than 64% of the identified fraction to reach more than 82 and 87% in H. umbraculigerum and H. lepidissimum, re-spectively. Although the chemical classes and their relative abundances were comparable among the three species, the individual compounds of EOs showed large differences. In fact, caryo-phyllene oxide (26.7%) and γ-curcumene (17.4%) were the main constituents in H. decorum, and H. lepidissimum respectively, while neo-intermedeol (11.2%) and viridiflorol (10.6%) characterized H. umbraculigerum
Viburnum tinus L. investigation on its spontaneous emission at duifferent fenological stages
No full textThe volatile components emitted from different organs of Viburnum tinus L., collected during various develop- mental stages, were analysed by solid phase micro extraction (SPME) and identified by GC-MS. More than 90% of the identified fraction was represented by non-terpenes in both young and adult leaves (94.2% and 94.3%, respectively), as well as in fruits of different ages: unripe and ripe (red and black) (93.1%, 90.6% and 90.9%, respectively). This latter class was also the predominant one in Viburnum crushed fruits (pericarp and seeds), even though with low amount (67.0%). (Z)-3-hexanol acetate was the main compound in all the leaf samples and red fruits, while apiol (40.9%) was the most abundant in unripe fruits and (E)-2-hexen-1-ol (52.8%) in black ripe fruits. On the contrary, the crushed fruits were characterized by decanal (12.0%) and n-hexanol (8.2%). Bud and flower emissions highlighted a good percentage of oxygenated monoterpenes (80.0% and 75.0%, respectively) mainly represented by (E)-β-ocimene (76.5% and 72.1%, respectively). The stem composition was characterized by non-terpenes (34.6%) followed by sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (29.0%) and oxygenated monoterpenes (17.6%)
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