1,721,089 research outputs found
Impact of climate change on evaporation in Mosul Dam reservoir-Iraq
Full text linkWater resources in Iraq are among the elements most affected by climate change, especially water bodies. One of the most significant losses in semi-arid countries is the evaporation of water from reservoirs.
For this reason, studying this issue is essential. In this context, the Mosul Dam Reservoir was selected as a case study to analyze the effects of climate change. The research involved a detailed analysis of climatic data from 1990 to 2020, focusing on the impact of individual climatic variables on evaporation.
We developed a mathematical model that incorporates five key climatic variables to estimate evaporation and used it to make projections for the coming years. The results showed that the reservoir loses approximately 0.9 billion cubic meters of water annually due to evaporation.
The analysis revealed an increasing trend in evaporation rates, with a 13.6% increase over 30 years. Using the SPSS software, we found that:
• Temperature has the strongest direct effect on evaporation,
• Humidity has an inverse effect,
• Sunshine hours contribute a direct effect, and
• Rainfall has a moderate inverse effect.
The developed evaporation model for the Mosul Dam Reservoir showed a high level of accuracy, with an R2 value of 95.6%. Additionally, the study found that the storage volume of the reservoir has been steadily decreasing over the study period.
Given the critical influence of temperature and rainfall, we made future projections using the SDSM program. The model predicts that by 2050, the average temperature will be 0.3°C higher than in 2023. Meanwhile, precipitation levels are expected to continue declining—4.9% lower than in 2023, and approximately 50% lower than in 1990
Managing cost and schedule evaluation of a construction project via bim technology and experts' points of view
No full textThis research is conducted to estimate the critical contributions and roles of BIM technology
in managing the cost and schedule evaluation of a construction project. The research
investigated the influencing factors depending on their degree of influence and the degree of
their importance in the contracting sector. Statistical analysis was conducted to reach the most
critical factors affecting managing cost and schedule evaluation of a construction project via
BIM technology and experts’ points of view. The number of samples amounted to 100
engineers from construction companies in Iraq with experience in civil engineering. The
research findings revealed that the importance of preparing the final project cost report had a
critical role in determining the required amount without any increase. Also, it was found that
defining tasks within timetables contributes to managing a construction project and achieving
project success. The study concluded that it is necessary to develop an approximate estimate
of the budget needed to complete the project activities to ensure that the required amount is
determined without any increase. Moreover, the study confirmed that there are factors that
affect the managing cost and schedule evaluation of a construction project via BIM technology and experts’ points of view, and these factors were summarized according to the questionnaire
analysis, including (a) the Significance of BIM Technology in Managing Construction
Projects, (b) Substantial Impacts of Training and Education Related to BIM Technology for
Project Managers, and Engineers, (c) Relevance of BIM Technology in Evaluating the Cost of
Construction Projects, (d) Importance of BIM Technology in Assessing the Schedule of
Construction Projects. Furthermore, it can be indicated that BIM could cut significant effort,
time, and errors in manual calculations used by engineers
Cost estimation for residential building projects using support vector machine
Full text linkWhen the construction project managers come to estimate project costs, they used their own
knowledge and experience in addition to standard estimators. But, to support early predictions of
total construction costs of buildings, it is necessary to establish a model that can present an accurate
tender cost. In this research, the Support Vector Machine (SVM) model has been used to estimate
the cost of the project using independent parameters of cost estimation and including the influence
factors and factors that affect the building cost. The method to achieve the thesis goal was by using
the analogous estimation process as a first step. Then, identifying the effective cost factors to use
them in SVM model. The SVM decision line results from the support vector have been specified
and used to estimate the costs. The numerical results of different building sizes were compared
with a real case study and applied to the building information model (BIM). the results observed
an error percentage of about 2% while its reached 6% by using the analogous estimation method
Cost estimation for building construction projects in Libya using fuzzy AHP method
No full textThe construction projects in Libya are hampered by a lack of proper data for cost estimation
methods, where the majority of commonly utilized estimation approaches are still inadequate
old methods. For estimating construction costs, several methods have been derived. As a result,
an optimization strategy based on a well-known robust algorithm is applied. This work provides
a hybrid of the analytical hierarchy process (AHP) and fuzzy theory (fuzzy AHP) for
determining the best and most cost-effective roof for five different types of roofs. The Fuzzy
AHP technique is used to estimate the best roof choice based on cost rank among One/two Way
Flat Slab, Post-Tension Slab, Pre-Tension Slab, Waffle Slab, and Hollow Core Slab. The roofs
were created employing five main factors that were implemented in a real-world situation in the
Libyan building industry. The cost of materials, labor, machinery, transportation and trash on
site were all considered. The findings show that the models can assist decision-makers in
determining the cost rank of roof selection. When we apply a range of methods and compare
them to guarantee that this is the greatest option
Evaluation of graavity dam stability using ANSYS workbench
No full textGravity dam instability is influenced by a wide range of elements, including applied loads, material
qualities, and geometric features. Many factors influence the stability response of concrete gravity
dams. The main effective uncertainty parameters include water level and material properties. The
height of the water varies at random. Entire monitoring sequences that can be analysed statistically
using the standard frequency approach. It is used to predict dam water level during the service
time. In this research, the modal characteristics of the full-scaled concrete dam models were
investigated using commercial ANSYS 16 software and compared with the previous study. The
ANSYS results observed that the geometry model was utilized to execute a mode shape animation.
The animation of mode shapes set for each recognized mode, along with its natural frequency and
mode shape. Sliding stability analysis is performed on a typical non-overflow of a concrete gravity
dam for different case studies. The study investigates the friction coefficient and cohesion and
their effect on the foundation system's deep anti-sliding stability, the foundation's elasticity alters
the structure's response to pressures and displacements. Finally, the finding was that The lowest
frequency was obtained when considering flexible foundation and full reservoir; the highest
frequency was obtained for the case where rigid foundation and an empty reservoir were considered. Earthquakes can have a major impact on the forced response in all scenarios when
frequencies in linked systems are reduced
Enhancing the application of sustainable energy in Iraq by designing of pump storage hydropower network
No full textThe matter of sustainable energy is so significance line to be studied as this source of energy
can serve the environment for the accumulation of pollutants and can improve the
development in various sectors. Hydropower is one of these energies that can be based on
the falling of water in the region of dams. In Iraq, the increasing of population lead to seek
the ways to enhance the using of more types of electrical source that can adopt by the many
dams that constructed on the water resources. The study examined the degree of
improvement that can be obtained from construction of hydropower systems after the dam’s
body of Mosul, Dukan, and Darbandikhan. For each dam, the variation of height as the water
surface of reservoirs were detected. The study used the Surfer program to process the GIS
information of the dams regions and evaluation the contour lines. The study analyzed the
ability to take the benefits from hydropower stations according to the inflow toward these
regions, the topographic of the upstream areas, and the weather conditions. Each dam was
analyzed with respect to water quantity balance. The predicted change in head per month for
the three dams were set in specific tables to show the variety of available head along the
period of operation. The head and the available discharge toward the turbines (as portion of
the total outflow) were considered in the power equation to find the amount of power that
could be generated in each month for the three dams. The generated powers were explained in tables. The results indicated that the Mosul Dam can give highest amount power following
by Dukan and Darbandikhan dams. The study showed in figures (using Microsoft Excel
program) the verity of these amounts of generated powers for each month. The study use the
correlation techniques with supporting of Matlab program to derive effective formulas that
link the inflow rates toward the turbines with the amount of power generated. The formulas
were set in tables for the three dams that divided for each month
Assesment of storage and delay system for low-level radioactive liquid waste in nuclear medicine / case study
Full text linkThe study was conducted in AL-Amal National Hospital for oncology in Iraq-Baghdad,
using I-131, the main objective of this study to make assess storage and delay system for
radioactive liquid waste in nuclear medicine, and the suitability of the system with the flow
volume of radioactive liquid wastes that discharge in Al-Amal National Hospital at the
present time and when the number of patients increases, data was collected using High
purity germanium reagent Radiation Detector. Nine sample of I-131 waste was collected to
calculate the Remaining activity before storage and before disposal, the results was in
range of 24498 Bq/L to 5.7 Bq/L in years from 2016 to 2022 in Average two reading in
each year. The discharge of the radioactive waste to the environment was done after 4
months which mean in 10 half-life of radioactive materials. This research prove that the
liquid radioactive waste can be discharged to the sewage system according to the
concentration limits of 100000 Bq/L that set by IAEA Agency. And it could permit to
increasing the number of patient with using the same system which held in AL-AMAL
hospital. Short-lived radionuclides such as 131-I with a half-life of about 8.04 days can be
drained into the sewage system at this discharge limit
Optimization of shear strength behavior of hollow slabs based on different fiber shapes
Full text linkThe hollow core slab (HCS) system is commonly used at the present time. This system
content voids through the longitudinal axis. These voids have more advantages from the term
of the structure are reduced in unit weight thus reducing the cost and becoming more
economical where it is used in the roof and floor of buildings, parking, wall panels, and deck
slab for the bridge. In this thesis, the effects of various proportions of Shear Force Reinforced
Concrete (SFRC) fibers on the properties of hollow-core slabs have been investigated. The
main objective of this thesis is how to increase the concrete strength and ductility at the same
time in hollow-core slabs. The test program was carried out to investigate the effect of SFRC
fiber mix with concrete by varying its content by 0.5% and 1% to find the optimum
deflection resistance. The methodology procedure is divided into two steps, the first is to test
the concrete cubes in order to measure the concrete strength by using different SFRC
percentages and different shapes. The second step is to apply the experimental information
into ANSYS structural software for Finite Element Analysis to investigate the HCS
behavior. The results showed that increasing the percentage of the additive SFRC leads to
enhancing the concrete reliability, which in turn leads to the subjected load and decreases in the deflection due to the stiffness change of the material. Also, the use of different
percentages of fiber gives different results in the shear strength of the hollow slab
Using BIM to manage green buildings
Full text linkThe design of environmentally friendly buildings is an important matter at the present time, in this
research the design of green building was done from the beginning. Building information
modelling (BIM) through the use of some auxiliary programs helped us to obtain an energy
analysis of the building and provide us with improvement options before starting the design
process. All available options were studied through the use of a case study for a secondary school
located in Iraq, Baghdad, with an area of approximately 1,300 square meters, and finding the
HVAC options have the greatest impact on the amount of energy consumption in the building. It
was concluded that the most influential factors on reducing the amount of energy consumption in
the building are the cooling system. The user in the building and the number of operating hours
12 factors that help reduce energy consumption in buildings have been studied, including: a)
building orientation, window glass, windows shades, windows to wall ratio, roof construction, wall
construction, lighting efficiency, Daytime lighting. b) Occupation control, Efficient loading of the
plug, HVAC system, operation schedule, Efficiency of photovoltaic panels
The impact of site management on engineering projects to ensure the project success in Iraq
No full textBad management, a lack of administrative stability, a lack of control and oversight, inexperienced
labor, an inaccurate estimate of when resources will arrive on site, and a lack of planning and
preparation prior to the commencement of the project can all contribute to project delays. These
factors may be beneficial or harmful to the project. It is essential to remember that construction
site management is an integral aspect of ensuring that the work runs well and that the project plan
outlines all of the necessary duties and actions so that workers do not become lost in the maze of
conflicting priorities, ideas, and opinions. Construction site management is an essential topic since
it entails the planning, organization, direction, and administration of the resources needed to
achieve a specific objective. Every project typically has a leader. To maintain a healthy work-life
balance during the implementation phase, this is quite specific. The selection of the management
of construction sites as a topic for research was since many construction sites have poor
management, that communication between administrative offices is crucial, and that the majority
of construction workers are skilled at their jobs, as well as on the opinions of the majority of
construction workers. On-site management assists in evaluating worker performance, ensuring that safety and security rules are followed, ensuring that tasks are completed, resolving issues, and
getting everyone moving in the same direction toward the success of the project by ensuring that
everyone has the same objective in mind
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