126 research outputs found
Effect of chronic hypoxia on leptin, insulin, adiponectin, and ghrelin
No full textThe endocrine system plays an important role in the adaptation to hypoxia. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of chronic hypoxia on insulin, adiponectin, leptin, and ghrelin levels in a neonatal animal model. Sprague-Dawley rats were placed in a normobaric hypoxic environment at birth. Controls remained in room air. Rats were killed at 2 and 8 weeks of life. Insulin, adiponectin, leptin, and ghrelin were measured. At 2 weeks of life, there was no significant difference in insulin, adiponectin, and leptin levels between the hypoxic and control rats. The only statistically significant difference was found in ghrelin levels, which were lower in the hypoxic group (3.19 ± 3.35 vs 24.52 ± 5.09 pg-mL; P .05). At 8 weeks of life, insulin was significantly higher in the hypoxic group (0.72 ± 0.14 vs 0.44 ± 0.26 ng-mL; P .05) and adiponectin was significantly lower (1257.5 ± 789.5 vs 7817.3 ± 8453.7 ng-mL; P .05). Leptin and ghrelin did not show significant difference in this age group, but leptin level per body weight was higher in the hypoxic group. Finally, we conclude that 2 weeks of continuous neonatal hypoxic exposure leads to a decrease in plasma ghrelin only with no significant change in insulin, adiponectin, and leptin and that 8 weeks of hypoxia leads to a decrease in adiponectin with an increase in insulin despite a significant decrease in weight. © 2008 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.Ambrosini G, 2002, J BIOL CHEM, V277, P34601, DOI 10.1074-jbc.M205172200; BAUM D, 1969, J CLIN ENDOCR METAB, V29, P991; BAUM D, 1976, ENDOCRINOLOGY, V98, P359; Bennett BD, 1996, CURR BIOL, V6, P1170, DOI 10.1016-S0960-9822(02)70684-2; Bitar FF, 2002, PEDIATR RES, V51, P144, DOI 10.1203-00006450-200202000-00005; BITAR FF, 1994, J SURG RES, V57, P264, DOI 10.1006-jsre.1994.1142; Bornstein SR, 1998, J CLIN ENDOCR METAB, V83, P280, DOI 10.1210-jc.83.1.280; Braun B, 2001, J APPL PHYSIOL, V91, P623; Considine RV, 1996, NEW ENGL J MED, V334, P292, DOI 10.1056-NEJM199602013340503; Dagogo-Jack S, 1998, KIDNEY INT, V54, P997, DOI 10.1046-j.1523-1755.1998.00077.x; GALLON V, 1972, ENDOCRINOLOGY, V91, P1393; GARVEY D, 1979, J ENDOCRINOL, V80, P333, DOI 10.1677-joe.0.0800333; GOSNEY J, 1991, INT J BIOMETEOROL, V35, P1, DOI 10.1007-BF01040955; GOSNEY JR, 1986, J ENDOCRINOL, V109, P119, DOI 10.1677-joe.0.1090119; Grosfeld A, 2002, DIABETOLOGIA, V45, P527, DOI 10.1007-s00125-002-0804-y; HEALTH D, 1981, ENDOCRINES MAN HIGH, P250; HERMANS RHM, 1994, PHYSIOL BEHAV, V55, P469, DOI 10.1016-0031-9384(94)90102-3; JACOBS R, 1988, J DEV PHYSIOL, V10, P97; Kershaw EE, 2004, J CLIN ENDOCR METAB, V89, P2548, DOI 10.1210-jc.2004-0395; Larsen JJ, 1997, J PHYSIOL-LONDON, V504, P241, DOI 10.1111-j.1469-7793.1997.241bf.x; Meissner U, 2003, BIOCHEM BIOPH RES CO, V303, P707, DOI 10.1016-S0006-291X(03)00401-7; Mise H, 1998, J CLIN ENDOCR METAB, V83, P3225, DOI 10.1210-jc.83.9.3225; MORDES JP, 1983, NEW ENGL J MED, V308, P1135, DOI 10.1056-NEJM198305123081906; Raff H, 2001, HORM METAB RES, V33, P151, DOI 10.1055-s-2001-14929; Raff H, 2003, ENDOCRINE, V21, P159, DOI 10.1385-ENDO:21:2:159; Sagawa N, 2002, PLACENTA, V23, pS80, DOI 10.1053-plac.2002.0814; Tillmar L, 2002, MOL MED, V8, P263; Tschop M, 2001, ADV EXP MED BIOL, V502, P237; Tschop M, 1998, LANCET, V352, P1119, DOI 10.1016-S0140-6736(05)79760-9; Westerterp KR, 2001, NEWS PHYSIOL SCI, V16, P134; Wolk R, 2005, OBES RES, V13, P186, DOI 10.1038-oby.2005.24; Yasumasu T, 2002, OBES RES, V10, P128, DOI 10.1038-oby.2002.20; Yasumasu T, 2002, OBES RES, V10, P857, DOI 10.1038-oby.2002.117; ZAYOUR D, 2003, ENDOCR RES, V29, P9116111
Regulation of the sphingolipid signaling pathways in the growing and hypoxic rat heart
No full textSphingolipids (SLs) have a biomodulatory role in physiological as well as pathological cardiovascular conditions. This study aims to assess the variation of SL mediators and metabolizing enzymes in the growing and hypoxic rat heart. Sprague-Dawley rats were placed in a hypoxic environment at birth. Control animals remained in room air. In control animals, activities of acidic-sphingomyelinase (A-SMase), sphingomyelin synthase (SMS), glucosylceramide synthase (GCS), and ceramidase decreased with age in both ventricles whereas activity of neutral-sphingomyelinase (N-SMase) increased with age. Hypoxic RV mass was 171 and 229percent that of controls, at 4 and 8 weeks, respectively. This was accompanied by an increase in RV myocardial ceramide synthesis, consumption and breakdown, with a net effect of suppression of ceramide accumulation and increase in diacylglycerol (DAG) concentration. In addition, significant increase in activities of: A-SMase by 26 and 29percent, SMS by 108 and 40percent, and ceramidase by 66 and 35percent, in the hypoxic RV rats as compared to controls, was noted at 4 and 8 weeks of age, respectively. Sphingolipids and their regulating enzymes appear to play a role in adaptive responses to chronic hypoxia in the neonatal rat heart. © 2005 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.AMES BN, 1960, J BIOL CHEM, V235, P769; Bielawska A, 1996, J BIOL CHEM, V271, P12646; Bitar FF, 2002, PEDIATR RES, V51, P144, DOI 10.1203-00006450-200202000-00005; BITAR FF, 1994, J SURG RES, V57, P264, DOI 10.1006-jsre.1994.1142; BLIGH EG, 1959, CAN J BIOCHEM PHYS, V37, P911; Dbaibo GS, 1998, APOPTOSIS, V3, P317, DOI 10.1023-A:1009668802718; De Maria R., 1997, SCIENCE, V277, P1652; EXTON JH, 1994, BBA-LIPID LIPID MET, V1212, P26, DOI 10.1016-0005-2760(94)90186-4; FOLCH J, 1957, J BIOL CHEM, V226, P497; Hannun YA, 1996, SCIENCE, V274, P1855, DOI 10.1126-science.274.5294.1855; Hernandez OM, 2000, CIRC RES, V86, P198; KAJSTURA J, 1995, EXP CELL RES, V219, P110, DOI 10.1006-excr.1995.1211; Liliom K, 2001, BIOCHEM J, V355, P189, DOI 10.1042-0264-6021:3550189; Luberto C, 1998, J BIOL CHEM, V273, P14550, DOI 10.1074-jbc.273.23.14550; Moravec M, 2002, BASIC RES CARDIOL, V97, P153, DOI 10.1007-s003950200006; O'Brien NW, 2003, CIRC RES, V92, P589, DOI 10.1161-01.RES.0000066290.29715.67; Olivera A, 2000, METHOD ENZYMOL, V311, P215; PREISS J, 1986, J BIOL CHEM, V261, P8597; Rudolph AM, 1999, PEDIATR RES, V46, P141, DOI 10.1203-00006450-199908000-00002; SIAKOTOS AN, 1969, LIPIDS, V4, P239, DOI 10.1007-BF02532639; Spiegel S, 2002, J BIOL CHEM, V277, P25851, DOI 10.1074-jbc.R200007200; VANVELDHOVEN PP, 1989, ANAL BIOCHEM, V183, P177, DOI 10.1016-0003-2697(89)90186-3; YAVIN E, 1969, BIOCHEMISTRY-US, V8, P1692, DOI 10.1021-bi00832a052; Zayour D, 2003, ENDOCR RES, V29, P191, DOI 10.1081-ERC-120022301; Zhang DX, 2001, BASIC RES CARDIOL, V96, P267, DOI 10.1007-s00395017005797
Microdebrider-assisted partial tonsillectomy: Short- and long-term outcomes
No full textMicrodebrider-assisted partial tonsillectomy has gained popularity in recent years. However, no prospective long-term follow-up exists in the literature and the risk of increase in tonsillitis is still a concern. We conducted a prospective randomized controlled study to assess the short-term benefits of microdebrider-assisted partial tonsillectomy (group 1) compared to electrocautery-assisted total tonsillectomy (group 2), to monitor the durability of the improvement and watch for any change in the rate of tonsillitis. Patients with symptomatic tonsillar hyperplasia were included and underwent either technique of tonsillar surgery. Duration of operation, amount of intra-operative blood loss, immediate and late complications, postoperative pain, return to normal activity and diet, and relief of obstructive symptoms were measured. Recurrence of symptoms and change in rate of tonsillitis in group1 were monitored. We studied 143 patients, 77 in group1 and 66 in group2. There was no significant difference in the surgical time (P 0.05) or postoperative bleeding (P 0.05) but more blood loss in group1 (P 0.05) and more dehydration in group2 (P 0.05) were encountered. All patients had complete relief of symptoms. Group1 returned earlier to normal activity (2.19 vs. 5.71 days; P 0.05), to normal diet (5.28 vs. 8.16 days; P 0.05) and needed less frequent analgesics (2.14 vs. 6.1 days; P 0.05). More than two-thirds of group1 and less than one-third of group 2 were pain free after day 3. Most group 1 parents (96.1percent) were highly satisfied, at initial follow-up, regarding the decision to perform the surgery in contrast to group 2 parents (19.7percent). No recurrence of symptoms and no increase in rate of tonsillitis were noticed among group 1 after 20 months mean follow-up (median 20.6, range 1-36.2 months). Group 1 showed short-term benefits over group 2 and maintained the resultant improvement on the long-term with no infectious drawbacks. © 2007 Springer-Verlag.Chang KW, 2005, OTOLARYNG HEAD NECK, V132, P273, DOI 10.1016-j.otohns.2004.11.002; Derkay CS, 2006, OTOLARYNG HEAD NECK, V134, P114, DOI 10.1016-j.otohns.2005.10.039; El-Bitar MA, 2002, ARCH OTOLARYNGOL, V128, P425; HALL GM, 1984, LARYNGOSCOPE, V94, P1381; Hultcrantz E, 1999, INT J PEDIATR OTORHI, V51, P171, DOI 10.1016-S0165-5876(99)00274-8; Hultcrantz E, 2004, LARYNGOSCOPE, V114, P871, DOI 10.1097-00005537-200405000-00016; JOHNSON F, 1962, ARCHIV OTOLARYNGOL, V75, P127; Koltai PJ, 2003, OTOLARYNG HEAD NECK, V129, P532, DOI 10.1016-S0194-5998(03)00727-7; Koltai PJ, 2002, LARYNGOSCOPE, V112, P17; Lister MT, 2006, ARCH OTOLARYNGOL, V132, P599, DOI 10.1001-archotol.132.6.599; Nelson LM, 2000, ARCH OTOLARYNGOL, V126, P736; PHYSICK PS, 1828, AM J MED SCI, V2, P116; Pizzuto MP, 2000, INT J PEDIATR OTORHI, V52, P239, DOI 10.1016-S0165-5876(00)00293-7; Sobol SE, 2006, ARCH OTOLARYNGOL, V132, P270, DOI 10.1001-archotol.132.3.270; Solares CA, 2005, INT J PEDIATR OTORHI, V69, P21, DOI 10.1016-j.ijporl.2004.07.006; SORIN A, 2004, LARYNGOSCOPE, V114, P294; Temple RH, 2001, INT J PEDIATR OTORHI, V61, P195, DOI 10.1016-S0165-5876(01)00553-5; Walker RA, 2001, OTOLARYNG HEAD NECK, V125, P449, DOI 10.1067-mhn.2001.119325; Whillis SS, 1910, LANCET, V2, P87519171
BIG DATA ANALYTICS IN TRANSPORTATION NETWORKS USING THE NPMRDS
No full textUrban traffic congestion is common and the cause for loss of productivity (due to trip delays) and higher risk to passenger safety (due to increased time in the automobile), not to mention an increase in fuel consumption, pollution, and vehicle wear. The fiduciary effect is a tremendous burden for citizens and states alike. One way to alleviate these ill effects is increasing state roadway and highway capacity. Doing so, however, is cost prohibitive. A better option is improving performance measurements in an effort to manage current roadway assets, improve traffic flow, and reduce road congestion.
Variables like segment travel time, speed, delay, and origin-to-destination trip time are measures frequently used to monitor traffic and improve traffic flow on the state roadways. In 2014, ODOT was given access to the FHWA’s National Performance Management Research Data Set (NPMRDS), which includes average travel times divided into contiguous segments with travel time measured every 5 minutes. Travel times are subsequently segregated into passenger vehicle travel time and freight travel time. Both types of time are calculated using GPS location transmitted by way of participating drivers traveling along interstate highways.
This thesis presents research detailing the use of NPMRDS dataset consisting of highway vehicle travel times, for computing performance measurements in the state of Oklahoma. Data extraction, preprocessing, and statistical analysis were performed on the dataset. A comprehensive study of the dataset characteristics, including influencing variables that affect data measurements are presented. A process for identifying anomalies is developed, and recommendations for improving accuracy and alleviating data anomalies are reported. Furthermore, a process for filtering and removing speed data outliers across multiple road segments is developed, and comparative analysis of raw baseline speed data and cleansed data is performed. Identification and computational comparison of travel time reliability performance measurements is done. A method for improved congestion detection is investigated and developed. Finally, traffic analytics using machine learning is performed to identify and to classify congested segments and a novel approach for identifying non-recurrent congestion sources using Bayesian inference of speed data is also developed and introduced
Long Term Evolution – License Assisted Access (LTE-LAA): Modeling and Coexistence Performance Analysis
No full textWireless communication built upon radio spectrum plays an instrumental role in today's modern world. With the explosive growth of mobile data traffic, mobile cellular networks need more spectrum to boost their system capacity. Long Term Evolution (LTE) technology leveraging the unlicensed band is anticipated to provide a solution to address this challenge. However, ensuring fair operation in terms of spectrum sharing with current unlicensed spectrum incumbents remains a key challenge for the success and viability of Unlicensed LTE (U-LTE). In particular, fair co-existence between unlicensed LTE and the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.11x standard, known as Wi-Fi, remains a principal concern, due to the ubiquitous, high-throughput and high capacity nature of both technologies.
This work addresses the problem of modeling and evaluating the coexistence of LTE License-Assisted-Access (LTE-LAA) in the unlicensed band. The research work presents a novel analytical model using Markov Chain to accurately model the LAA Listen-Before-Talk (LBT) scheme, as specified in the final technical specification 36.213 of the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) release 13 and 14. Model validation is demonstrated through numerical and simulation result comparison. Model performance evaluation is examined and contrasted with the IEEE 802.11 Distributed Coordination Function (DCF) and analysis results are subsequently presented and discussed herein. Finally, succeeding model development, a comprehensive coexistence performance analysis study is developed and completed examining the coexistence of homogeneous and heterogeneous network scenarios consisting of LTE-LAA and Wi-Fi nodes. As a result, the contribution of this work establishes a novel apparatus that facilitates numerical analysis of the LTE-LAA LBT mechanism and enables numerical comparison of future enhancements with the standardized LTE-LAA framework. In addition, this work delivers a delineating, unequivocal and in-depth examination of the effects and implications that the LTE-LAA LBT mechanism and its parameters have on coexistence performance of homogeneous and heterogeneous co-channel and co-located networks
Exploring the characteristics of children with obstructive adenoid responding to mometasone fuorate monohydrate: Preliminary results
No full textThis study aimed at observing the efficacy of mometasone fuorate monohydrate nasal spray on obstructive adenoids in children and identifying the characteristics of responders using a pilot study including children aged 2-11 years, with evidence of more than 50 percent obstruction. Allergic rhinitis and nasal obstruction were evaluated on baseline (V0), 6- (V1), and 12-week (V2) visits. Degree of obstruction was evaluated by nasopharyngoscopy at V0 and V2. Subjects received 100 μg mometasone fuorate daily. Results were compared with those of a matching control group. Nineteen children (8 females, 11 males; 2.25-8.50 years old, mean 4.24 years, median 4.00 years) completed treatment and follow-up adequately. There was 58 percent reduction in a clinical score assessing the severity of adenoidal obstruction (P 0.05), 56 percent reduction in severity of obstructive symptom (P 0.05), and 75 percent reduction in allergic rhinitis score (P 0.05) between V0 and V1. No further significant improvement was noticed between V1 and V2. The degree of obstruction dropped from 85 to 61 percent as noted on endoscopy (P 0.05). None in the control group showed spontaneous decrease or resolution of the symptoms. Age of patients, allergic rhinitis score, and severity of the clinical score had no impact on the response parameters. No side effects were observed. Mometasone furoate monohydrate nasal spray appears to be effective in treating children with obstructive adenoids. The effect seems to be independent of the presence of mild intermittent allergic rhinitis, the age of patient, or the severity of symptoms. © 2012 Springer-Verlag.Bachert C, 2002, Allergy, V57, P841; Berlucchi M, 2007, PEDIATRICS, V119, pE1392, DOI 10.1542-peds.2006-1769; Bitar MA, 2009, PEDIATR INT, V51, P478, DOI 10.1111-j.1442-200X.2008.02787.x; Bitar MA, 2006, EUR ARCH OTO-RHINO-L, V263, P924, DOI 10.1007-s00405-006-0086-y; BRODSKY L, 1993, ARCH OTOLARYNGOL, V119, P821; Cengel S, 2006, INT J PEDIATR OTORHI, V70, P639, DOI 10.1016-j.ijporl.2005.08.013; Chadha NK, 2009, OTOLARYNG HEAD NECK, V140, P139, DOI 10.1016-j.otohns.2008.11.008; DEMAIN JG, 1995, PEDIATRICS, V95, P355; Goldbart AD, 2005, PEDIATR RES, V57, P232, DOI 10.1203-01.PDR.0000150722.34561.E6; Ikinciogullari A, 2002, INT J PEDIATR OTORHI, V66, P251, DOI 10.1016-S0165-5876(02)00249-5; Linder TE, 1997, ANN OTO RHINOL LARYN, V106, P619; LINDERAR.S, 1970, ACTA OTO-LARYNGOL, P1; MACKOWIAK PA, 1982, NEW ENGL J MED, V307, P83, DOI 10.1056-NEJM198207083070203; Schenkel EJ, 2000, PEDIATRICS, V105, P22; TORREY JC, 1945, AM J DIS CHILD, V69, P208; Vandenberg SJ, 1997, ARCH OTOLARYNGOL, V123, P675; YING MD, 1988, ACTA OTO-LARYNGOL, P2792
The Afflictions of the Arabic Women Represented in Novels By Haif Bitar
No full textThis Study aims to show the changes of the image of women in the novels of Hifa Bitar, in which the author presents the history of women?s life in nearly all its stages, adolescence youth and middle age This research throws light on the characteristics, both positive and negative, attributed to women in the following novels: "iomiyat mutalaqa"(1994) [a divorced woman?s diary], "qabu-?abasiyeen" (1995) [the abbasids? cellar], "afrah saghira afrah akhira" (1996) [small joys, last joys], "imra? min tabeqein" (1665) [the woman from two floors], and "imra? min hedhihi ai-asr" (20004) [a woman of this age]. We can say that the voice of educated women, who have failed in marriage and present a problem for the men that abuse them, is the central voice dominating the besieged by feelings of failure and frustration, and through their relations with men the example of beaten women and their struggle with the power of time dominant in all the novels under study
The role of OM-85 BV (Broncho-Vaxom) in preventing recurrent acute tonsillitis in children
No full textTo evaluate the efficacy of an immunostimulant (bacterial lysate) Broncho-Vaxom in the management of children with recurrent acute tonsillitis.
Methods
A 5-year retrospective cohort study of 177 children presenting with a diagnosis of recurrent acute tonsillitis. Patients’ demographics and laboratory studies at presentation were retrieved. For patients given Broncho-Vaxom, we defined response as a decrease in the frequency of acute tonsillitis episodes after 3 months of therapy (partial: by ≤50% and total: by >50%). Patients showing response to Broncho-Vaxom were further followed until study-end or need for tonsillectomy.
Results
The median age of patients was 4.5 years (range: 1–15 years) with 63.8% being males. 131 (74%) patients received Broncho-Vaxom as initial therapy, and 99 (75.6%) showed response (51.2% total and 24.4% partial response). A normal ESR level was the only predictor of total compared with no response (OR: 3.53, 95% CI: 1.03–12.07); while both normal ESR (OR: 7.15-times, 95% CI: 1.18–43.39) and normal CRP (OR: 12.66, 95% CI: 1.43–111.86) levels were independent predictors of total over partial response. None of the patients showing total response required tonsillectomy on long-term follow up while in those with partial response 34.4% required subsequent tonsillectomy (median follow-up: 9 months).
Conclusions
A considerable proportion of children receiving Broncho-Vaxom for recurrent acute tonsillitis show a decrease in the frequency of episodes in the short term, and very few patients eventually require tonsillectomy on long-term follow upPublishedN/
Neonatal neck mass in identical twins: An unusual presentation
No full textIdentical twins were noted to have a soft asymptomatic neck mass, each on the opposite side, at 1 week of age. The mass took a dramatic course 1 week later to present as a neck abscess, yet without systemic symptoms. Ultrasonography was highly suggestive of an infected lymphatic malformation (cystic hygroma). Intravenous antibiotics and drainage (aspiration-incision and drainage) resulted in resolution of the mass and no recurrence at 18 months follow-up. The concept of spontaneous involution of lymphatic malformation (cystic hygroma) is discussed as well as the management of neck abscesses in infancy. Copyright © 2005 by Thieme Medical Publishers, Inc.BRODSKY L, 1992, CLIN PEDIATR, V31, P71, DOI 10.1177-000992289203100202; OGITA S, 1991, J PEDIATR SURG, V26, P263, DOI 10.1016-0022-3468(91)90500-S; OGITA SH, 1994, J PEDIATR SURG, V29, P784, DOI 10.1016-0022-3468(94)90370-0; Orvidas LJ, 2000, ANN OTO RHINOL LARYN, V109, P411; SHETH S, 1987, RADIOLOGY, V162, P821; Smith RJH, 1996, ARCH OTOLARYNGOL, V122, P1195; ZADVINSKIS DP, 1992, RADIOGRAPHICS, V12, P117510
Statistical Analysis of Geotechnical Parameters in Starnmeer and Alkmaardermeer: Dike Stability analysis
No full textThe aim of this thesis report is to analyze slope stability parameters given by HHNK for the dike around a polder located in the province of North-Holland, “Starnmeer”, and a lake located to the west of it called “Alkmaardermeer”. Most of the dike has been reported to be too low in some places and plans of restoration will be implemented in 2019. A RFEM (Random Finite Elemental Method) analysis is to be done in collaboration with TU Delft and HHNK on these dikes to identify slope failure probabilities, where the input data is to be addressed in this report. Starnmeer contains thick layers of peat and clay until a depth of approximately -5 meters NAP, where a large sand aquifer begins to much larger depths. For geotechnical analysis, the first few meters are of primary concern, so only the thick peat and clay layers will be assessed. Rising water levels proves problematic for the polder, but fortunately drainage opportunities to adjacent water bodies is possible. The addition or reduction of water heavily influences soil behavior by affecting underlying pore water pressures and stress states. Parameters to be analyzed include wet bulk density, dry bulk density, water content, cohesion, and the friction angle. A statistical analysis and distribution of each parameter provide meaningful insight on probabilities and disseminations of measurement data. The clay layer was found to have a significant amount of sand and silt, affecting the porosity, sorting, cohesion, and bulk densities resulting in an uncompacted porous clay layer. The peat layer is also highly saturated, highly organic, and rather loose. The layers are hence prone to heaving and rapid primary consolidation. By classifying each of the five parameters for both regions to be normally distributed or lognormally distributed, the data can be then standardized and correlated to each other to determine linear dependencies. The relations heavily vary depending on the environmental setting and other physical aspects. For instance, the wet and dry bulk densities are found to have a strong positive correlation with each other in Starnmeer but not in Alkmaardermeer. The layers were found to be heavily saturated, which negatively influences the correlation between water content and bulk densities. Cohesion and friction angle are primarily dependent on the consistency, shape, and packing of the soil grains, so low to no correlation was established.Applied Earth Science
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